Unified Theory Of Acceptance And Use Of Technology Research Articles

Perceptions of cognitive workload measurement using multimodal sensors in surgery

BackgroundThe study of cognitive load management in surgery has led to identification of objective cognitive workload (CWL) correlates offering the potential to improve patient safety, enhance surgeon performance and their long-term well-being. Sensors have been used in isolation within surgery to measure physiological changes of the surgeon to infer CWL. More recently however, the use of multimodal sensors (MMS) has been explored to improve the reliability of CWL measurement. Despite the emergence of this technology, the behavioural intention of future users of MMS is not well understood. The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of CWL measurement using MMS in surgery and secondly, to develop a model of acceptance amongst a cohort of future users.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of medical students in the United Kingdom was undertaken by means of an online questionnaire based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, using performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC) and behavioural intention (BI) as latent constructs. A purposive sampling method was undertaken over a period of nine months. Results were analysed using structural equation modelling.ResultsThere were 232 responses with 138 fully completed responses used for final data analysis. Weighted averages of all item responses demonstrated positive responses to all questionnaire statements. Students strongly agreed to ‘Technology used to measure my mental workload would be useful to me’ (42.8%), ‘I would use the system if it was comfortable to wear’ (53.6%) and ‘I would like to know that the technology is reliable before using it’ (68.8%). Pathway co-efficients were 0.444 for PE → BI (p = < 0.001), 0.221 for EE → BI (p = < 0.001), 0.096 for SI → BI (p = 0.186) and 0.142 for FC → BI (p = 0.094).ConclusionThis study demonstrates an overall positive perception of CWL measurement using MMS. Although social influences and facilitating conditions demonstrate a positive influence on the behavioural intention of students, performance and effort expectancy are significant constructs to consider, namely the comfort and reliability of multimodal sensors. Findings from this study can be used to guide future development of emerging MMS systems that can be used to reduce human error, improve training and patient safety.

User perceptions of intelligent offloading diabetic footwear.

Adherence to therapeutic footwear is vital for effective diabetic foot ulcer prevention and treatment. Understanding the key adherence factors and potential barriers is important for footwear design and implementation. Our team is creating intelligent offloading footwear to prevent lower extremity amputations in people living with diabetes (PLwD). This exploratory study assessed the ability of the established Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to predict behavioral intention to use or recommend this intelligent offloading footwear by PLwD, caregivers of PLwD, or medical professionals treating PLwD. Online and paper questionnaires were implemented to assess the impact of the UTAUT model factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions) and psychosocial factors (attitude, anxiety, self-efficacy) on the overall behavioral intention to use the footwear. Furthermore, factors influencing potential acceptance and rejection of the footwear were explored. Patients (4.0/5) and medical professionals (4.1/5) showed a behavioral intention to "agree" to use or recommend the footwear when it becomes available. Structural equation modeling showed that the UTAUT constructed model may not be the best indicator for behavioral intention here based on a lack of statistical significance. However, the logistic regression modeling showed that the social influence for PLwD (p=0.004) and the attitude toward the footwear for medical professionals (p=0.001) may be the most important when designing and implementing the footwear, though several other factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and self-efficacy) were also important for one or both of these populations. Additionally, cost and clinician support were shown to be important factors influencing potential acceptance of the footwear. The study found promising intention to use the intelligent footwear in the future. This highlights the need to continue future development and implementation of the footwear to incorporate these results, thus improving the likelihood of high adherence of the footwear.

Decoding Generation Z's habits: the augmented reality shift from gimmick to utility in omni-digital shopping

Purpose Building on technology acceptance and learning transfer theories, this study aims to evaluate the integration of mobile augmented reality (MAR) in omnichannel retailing touchpoints for Generation Z (or Gen Z)'s apparel shopping, assessing how habitual augmented reality (AR) use in nonretailing contexts impacts Gen Z's motivations, acceptance and use of MAR shopping apps. Design/methodology/approach A total of 562 participants downloaded a footwear MAR app and completed a survey. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate regression to explore moderated mediation effects. Findings The study reveals a paradigm shift: Gen Z's habitual use of AR in social media (e.g. Snapchat and TikTok face filters) significantly influences their intent to use MAR in shopping, overshadowing hedonic motivations. This marks a transition from AR as a gimmick to a practical utility in omnichannel touchpoints, with performance expectancy emerging as a critical mediator in adopting MAR for utilitarian purposes. Research limitations/implications This study highlights how Gen Z consumers’ tech habits influence their pragmatic view of MAR, urging re-exploration of the main constructs of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. Practical implications Findings suggest Gen Z values practicality over fun in MAR shopping apps, guiding marketers to emphasize tangible benefits for this demographic. Originality/value This research underscores the evolving perception of AR in retail among mobile natives, highlighting the shift from novelty to habitual utility. It offers strategic insights for integrating AR into omnichannel strategies, catering to the utilitarian expectations of Gen Z in the digital retail landscape.

The lure of decentralized social media: Extending the UTAUT model for understanding users' adoption of blockchain-based social media.

The study uses 31 semi-structured interviews to explore users' motivations for adopting and using blockchain-based social media (BSM) platforms. The objective of the study is twofold-to collect empirical data on early adopters of BSM and to test the applicability of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model for explaining why some users are choosing BSM over mainstream social media (MSM) platforms. Manual content analysis of the interviews reveals that users are initially drawn to BSM due to social influence and financial incentives, but they continue to use it mainly because of the sense of community they experience. We also find that the steep learning curve, the absence of content moderation, as well as security and privacy concerns hinder the widespread adoption of these platforms. From the theoretical side, although the UTAUT model is generally suitable for examining why individuals use BSM, we suggest integrating two additional factors into the model: financial incentives and content moderation.

How Social Media as a Digital Marketing Strategy Influences Chinese Students' Decision to Study Abroad in the United States: A Model Analysis Approach

The rise of social media has significantly transformed global education marketing. This study examines the influence of social media as a digital marketing tool on Chinese students' decisions to study in the United States. By using a model analysis approach, the research offers insights to help educational institutions develop effective digital marketing strategies tailored to the Chinese student market. Key influential factors are identified through the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The findings underscore social media's crucial role in shaping Chinese students' perceptions, expectations, and decision-making processes regarding studying abroad. The paper concludes with practical implications and suggestions for future research.

Using the UTAUT-TPACK model to explain digital teaching behaviour of elementary school mathematics teacher

ABSTRACT The appropriate use of digital technology in the classroom is very helpful to improve mathematics teaching in elementary school. However, the current situation of elementary school mathematics teachers’ digital teaching behaviour is not optimistic. This study analysed the factors influencing elementary school mathematics teachers’ digital teaching behaviour. A revised unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model with technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) was used to understand elementary school mathematics teachers’ digital teaching behaviour. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Hunan province of China. Three hundred elementary school mathematics teachers provided valid questionnaire data. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to analyse the data. It was found that TPACK and facilitating conditions positively and significantly affected digital teaching behaviour of elementary school mathematics teachers, and TPACK was the biggest influential factor. The research results have important implications for improving digital teaching behaviour of elementary school mathematics teachers and promoting digital transformation of elementary school mathematics education.

Understanding the academic use of KM-driven Metaverse technology: insights from medical colleges

Purpose This study delves into the behavioural intentions of educators within medical colleges at Mosul Universities concerning the adoption of Knowledge Management-Driven Metaverse technology (KM-D-MT). Rooted in an adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model, the research aims to enrich the understanding of Metaverse adoption factors, exploring correlations among key constructs such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived value, hedonic motivation and interaction. Furthermore, the study investigates the mediating roles of knowledge generation and knowledge sharing in the relationship between interaction and behavioural intention. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a quantitative approach, gathering 278 responses from educators in medical colleges. Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) is used to analyse the data, rigorously examining the reliability and validity of research instruments. The investigation involves an extensive evaluation of various factors influencing educators’ intentions to adopt KM-D-MT, using a cross-sectional design. Findings The study reveals significant positive impacts of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived value and hedonic motivation on behavioural intention to adopt KM-D-MT. Interaction is identified as a key factor positively influencing knowledge sharing and knowledge generation. Furthermore, knowledge sharing and knowledge generation exhibit positive correlations with behavioural intention. Interaction indirectly impacts behavioural intention through the mediating roles of knowledge generation and knowledge sharing, highlighting the transformative potential of Metaverse technology in reshaping knowledge processes. Practical implications The findings of this study hold practical implications for educators, institutions and policymakers. The adoption of KM-D-MT can enhance educational experiences, facilitate global collaboration and contribute to the continuous professional development of educators in medical colleges. Institutions are encouraged to strengthen technological and organisational infrastructure to support effective Metaverse implementation. Furthermore, promoting positive social norms, providing technical support and offering training programs can contribute to overcoming barriers and fostering a conducive environment for Metaverse adoption in medical education. Originality/value This research significantly contributes to theoretical perspectives by advancing Metaverse research and addressing the call for extensive studies covering theoretical, conceptual and empirical elements. It extends current UTAUT2 frameworks, exploring correlations in the context of medical education and contributes to knowledge management paradigms. The study’s originality lies in its exploration of Metaverse acceptance in higher education institutions, specifically in medical colleges in Iraq, providing valuable insights for further research and practical applications globally.

Determinants Influencing the Adoption of Metaverse-based Learning Platforms among University Students

Metaverse, an amalgamation of diverse information technologies, is seen as the future of the internet and holds promise for transforming education. Leveraging metaverse media for immersive learning has the potential to reshape education practices. Despite being a novel concept, metaverse-based education has the capacity to enrich online learning experiences. The study utilized the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model alongside the factor of personal innovativeness in IT, conducting a comprehensive survey involving 244 students from Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. Employing STATA 14, a popular variance-based structural equation modeling technique in social sciences and management, the study analyzed the structural model and conceptual measures, confirming the discriminant validity, dependability, and content of the data. The research findings highlight the importance of personal innovativeness in IT as a direct and indirect predictor of adoption intention among Generation Z students in making decisions about integrating metaverse technologies into higher education. Students demonstrating a high level of innovativeness in IT exhibit a greater willingness to engage with metaverse-based learning incorporating artificial intelligence. The results demonstrate a strong association between the identified characteristics and students' intentions to utilize educational platforms utilizing metaverse technology, contributing valuable insights to the use of technology in educational settings.

Predictors of Health Care Practitioners' Intention to Use AI-Enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems: Meta-Analysis Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.

Artificial intelligence-enabled clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSSs) offer potential for improving health care outcomes, but their adoption among health care practitioners remains limited. This meta-analysis identified predictors influencing health care practitioners' intention to use AI-CDSSs based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Additional predictors were examined based on existing empirical evidence. The literature search using electronic databases, forward searches, conference programs, and personal correspondence yielded 7731 results, of which 17 (0.22%) studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis, relative weight analyses, and meta-analytic moderation and mediation analyses were used to examine the relationships between relevant predictor variables and the intention to use AI-CDSSs. The meta-analysis results supported the application of the UTAUT to the context of the intention to use AI-CDSSs. The results showed that performance expectancy (r=0.66), effort expectancy (r=0.55), social influence (r=0.66), and facilitating conditions (r=0.66) were positively associated with the intention to use AI-CDSSs, in line with the predictions of the UTAUT. The meta-analysis further identified positive attitude (r=0.63), trust (r=0.73), anxiety (r=-0.41), perceived risk (r=-0.21), and innovativeness (r=0.54) as additional relevant predictors. Trust emerged as the most influential predictor overall. The results of the moderation analyses show that the relationship between social influence and use intention becomes weaker with increasing age. In addition, the relationship between effort expectancy and use intention was stronger for diagnostic AI-CDSSs than for devices that combined diagnostic and treatment recommendations. Finally, the relationship between facilitating conditions and use intention was mediated through performance and effort expectancy. This meta-analysis contributes to the understanding of the predictors of intention to use AI-CDSSs based on an extended UTAUT model. More research is needed to substantiate the identified relationships and explain the observed variations in effect sizes by identifying relevant moderating factors. The research findings bear important implications for the design and implementation of training programs for health care practitioners to ease the adoption of AI-CDSSs into their practice.

The Factor Influencing the Adoption of Fintech in Investment Among Malaysians: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Perspectives

Technology has proven to be one of the stronger management and administration platforms for solving all of the conventional problems, including digital financial service management. Besides, it has proven to be the more potent distribution channel, not only for the movement of goods and services but also for digital investment. Nowadays, technology delved deep into the unicorns from the consumer’s Internet segment, which encompasses all business to customers’ Internet and Financial Technology companies. Both have emerged in banking, insurance/takaful, investment, asset management, and foreign exchange, among others, to track their activities in providing financial services. However, investment services also need to be given attention, especially when it comes to human intervention with the use of FinTech. The objective of this paper is to examine the influence of adoption factors for FinTech on investment. The objective will examine FinTech's potential in reducing costs, enhancing human resource efficiency, increasing customer satisfaction, and increasing investment returns. This study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. This study helps participants in the future of the financial services industry leverage their organizational goals towards a hub of financial and non-financial digital ecosystems as technology advances. The comprehensive development of FinTech is essential to the investment management capabilities of all parties, such as value aggregators, advisors, and competitive access facilitators, in the increasingly challenging field of digital technologies. The combination of effective and systematic investment services could be combined with internal capabilities in FinTech across the investment landscape for external innovations, service providers, and advice facilitators.

The Public Service Digitalization in the Philippines Towards a National Program to Capacitate Digital Frontliners

The rapid advancement of technology has driven a global transformation in public service delivery. In the Philippines, efforts to digitalize public services are crucial for inclusive development and efficient governance. This study, titled "The Public Service Digitalization in the Philippines Towards a National Program to Capacitate Digital Frontliners," examines this transformation through the experiences of government employees, known as digital frontliners. These individuals are key to implementing and managing digital technologies across public sectors. Using a mixed-method research design, the study integrates descriptive, correlative-comparative, and phenomenological approaches to gather quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 400 digital frontliners participated in a survey, while 10 key informants were interviewed. This approach provides a comprehensive analysis of the digitalization process, focusing on demographic profiles, challenges, job satisfaction, and service effectiveness. The theoretical framework includes the Theory of Digital Government Transformation, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and Capacity Building and Development Theory. These frameworks help understand the dynamics of public service digitalization, technology acceptance, and the importance of capacity building. Key findings reveal a diverse workforce among digital frontliners, significant challenges such as infrastructure limitations and digital literacy disparities, and varying levels of job satisfaction. The research underscores the need for robust digital infrastructure, tailored training programs, and streamlined administrative processes. It also highlights the importance of public-private collaboration. The study proposes a national program to enhance the capabilities of digital frontliners through continuous professional development and innovation support. This program aims to improve digital public services, making them more efficient, transparent, and accessible. The findings provide a foundation for evidence-based policymaking and strategic planning, contributing to the Philippines' digital transformation and inclusive growth.

Cognitive factors and actual usage of Fintech innovation: Exploring the UTAUT framework for digital banking

Digital services and innovative solutions often emphasize providing an enhanced Fintech banking experience. This study identifies and examines the cognitive factors influencing the actual usage of Fintech-based digital banking among customers. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework is applied taking behavioral intentions as the mediator of the study. By following purposive sampling, data was collected through a self-administrative survey and analysis made via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings demonstrate that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, risk, and trust are significant predictors of digital banking usage. Furthermore, behavioral intentions fully mediate the relationship between these predictors and actual usage. This research holds several practical implications. The identified predictors, can enable providers to enhance their offerings and meet customer expectations, and recognition of behavioral intentions being a mediator highlights the importance of understanding customers' intentions and motivations to encourage favorable usage behavior; financial institutions can better promote the adoption and sustained usage of digital banking services. The originality of this research lies in examining the cognitive factors affecting the actual usage of fintech-based digital banking. This unique approach provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving customers' usage of digital banking services.

E-Commerce Growth and Digital Payments in the Philippines

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the e-commerce growth and digital payments in the Philippines. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The growth of e-commerce and digital payments in the Philippines has been significantly influenced by factors such as perceived security, ease of use, and government policies. Studies show that digital payments have increased consumer spending and boosted sales for SMEs, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, barriers like financial literacy and trust issues still hinder widespread adoption, particularly among low-income groups. Government initiatives and improved digital infrastructure have played crucial roles in promoting e-commerce growth. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Technology acceptance model (TAM), diffusion of innovations theory &amp; unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) may be used to anchor future studies on e-commerce growth and digital payments in the Philippines. Digital payment providers should invest in comprehensive educational campaigns to improve financial literacy and build consumer trust. Policymakers should prioritize the development of digital infrastructure, particularly in rural and underserved areas, to ensure equitable access to e-commerce and digital payment systems.

APPLICATION OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE OF UTAUT AND STUDENTS’ CHARACTERISTICS ON UNDERGRADUATES’ USE OF E-RESOURCES IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY GUSAU, ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA

As teens and young adults, undergraduates are susceptible to the influence of others. This study was aimed at examining social influence, a construct of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), students’ characteristics of age, level of study and course of study on undergraduates’ frequent use of e-resources at the Federal University, Gusau, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The population was 4,640 registered library users for the 2022/2023 academic session, spread across 200, 300 and 400 levels; excluding 100 level. Purposive sampling method was used to select 320 students across the faculties and a sample size of 280 students across the levels was selected using a simple random sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was administered to the 280 students in the library out of which 268 were returned and 260 (81.25%) were found usable for the analysis. Descriptive statistics was used for the analysis (cross tabulation, frequency, simple percentages) and presented in tables. The hypotheses were tested using chi-square. Analysis was done using SPSS version 26. The findings revealed a moderate use of e-resources by the students, and also showed that social influence has a positive significant influence on students’ frequent use of e-resources. The study recommended that the stakeholders should intensify efforts to encourage students so as to make more use of the e-resources.

Why do Indonesian Muslims Donate through Crowdfunding Platforms? An Integration of UTAUT, Transparency, and Trust

Indonesia's recognition as the most charitable country in the world makes research on donations through crowdfunding platforms an intriguing subject for study. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of technology and institutions factors on people's intentions to donate through the crowdfunding platform. This study employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with a sample size of 155 questionnaires. The results indicate that components of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and social influence) and institutional factors (trust and transparency) have a significant positive influence on people's intentions to donate through the platform kitabisa.com. These findings imply the importance of developing new technologies for philanthropic organizations and increasing public intention to donate, especially through donation crowdfunding. This research also contributes theoretically to the development of the UTAUT model by integrating trust and transparency.

The path to cashless transaction: A study of user intention and attitudes towards quick response mobile payments

This study explores the factors influencing users' behavioral intentions, attitudes and actual adoption of quick response (QR) mobile payment in the least developed country (LDC) of Bangladesh, by extending the original unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. The study conducts a mixed-methods investigation by combining the partial least squares (PLS) and focus group discussion (FGD) methods to empirically evaluate the research model and cross-validate the findings. Using purposive sampling, data were gathered from 412 respondents, followed by 10 respondents who took part in the FGD, who all met the sample criteria. The study findings indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence significantly positively influence users' behavioral intention, while self-concept, perceived self-efficacy, and habit substantially influence their attitudes towards using QR mobile payments. The findings also confirm a positive effect of users’ attitudes toward using QR mobile payment on both behavioral intention and actual use, and a positive effect of behavioral intention on the actual use of QR mobile payments. These findings offer several important theoretical and managerial implications.

What influences user continuous intention of digital museum: integrating task-technology fit (TTF) and unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology (UTAUT) models

Digital museums play a crucial role in facilitating users' access to and exploration of digital cultural heritage resources. However, exploring the factors influencing user engagement with these digital museums from a user experience perspective remains essential. This study evaluates the factors driving user continuous behavioral intention towards the digital museum of Beijing’s central axis, integrating the new task-technology fit (TTF) and the new unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) models, and introducing perceived enjoyment, design aesthetics, and perceived cultural value as additional variables. Analyzing survey data (n = 377) utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), the study identifies the following key findings: (1) the task and technology characteristics of digital museums significantly impact the TTF; (2) performance expectancy, effort expectancy, design aesthetics, perceived enjoyment, and perceived cultural value all positively impact user continuous behavioral intention; (3) the technological characteristics of digital museums were observed to positively impact users' effort expectancy; but (4) the TTF and social influence did not have no significant impact the user continuous behavioral intention. These findings offer valuable insights into the factors driving users' continuous behavioral intention to use digital museums of cultural heritage, offering practical guidance for future development and optimization of these digital museums, and highlighting specific implications and suggestions for enhancing the user experience.

Unveiling the Path to Mobile Payment Adoption: Insights from Thai Consumers

Mobile payment, replacing traditional methods like cash and cards, offers users convenience and accessibility, benefiting individuals, businesses, and governments. However, most research on mobile payment adoption has primarily focused on developed countries, leaving a gap in understanding the adoption factors in developing nations. This study addresses this gap by investigating the determinants of mobile payment adoption in Thailand, an emerging economy experiencing significant smartphone adoption and e-commerce growth. Through a quantitative approach and a survey of 475 Thai consumers, this research applies an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model as a theoretical foundation to examine Thai consumers’ mobile payment adoption. Data analysis using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 28.0 identifies key factors influencing Thai consumers to adopt mobile payment. By offering a comprehensive research model and considering evolving smartphone technology, this study aims to guide policymakers and stakeholders in promoting mobile payment adoption, ultimately enhancing Thailand’s economic development and tourism industry.

Exploring Influences on ICT Adoption in German Schools: A UTAUT-Based Structural Equation Model

The 2018 International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) provides a comprehensive dataset with contextual information on German school environments. The data comes from responses by eighth-grade teachers and principals to a questionnaire about Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for teaching. We performed an exploratory re-analysis examining what influences teachers' adoption and use of ICT by employing six factors — Social Influence, Effort Expectancy, Performance Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Behavioural Intention, and Use Behaviour — from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). We measured relationships between these constructs with a Structural Equation Model (SEM) consisting of 15 indicators provided by the ICILS study. The goodness of fit measures indicated confirmation of the model (RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05, CFI = .93, TLI = .91). Our findings show that teachers' attitudes toward ICT and the school administration's support affected how ICT was applied in the classroom.

Lessons from business education's online transition: A Saudi Arabian case study

We survey business school faculty and students from a major Saudi Arabian university that transitioned to online learning because of the COVID-19 lockdown. This study leverages the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework to explore the factors influencing faculty and student willingness and acceptance of online learning as we move to a post-COVID-19 new normal. We use partial least square structural equation modeling to examine the factors that impact faculty and student satisfaction and their behavioral intention to the continued use of online learning in the future. The results of the study indicate that when faculty perceive that e-learning improves their teaching performance and effectiveness (performance expectancy) and find that online teaching tools are relatively easy to use (effort expectancy) then they are more open to consider online teaching and using digital tools even after the pandemic. Further analysis, however, indicates that as faculty perceive a greater loss of control in the classroom, they are less likely to consider teaching/learning online courses and using digital tools in the future. Like faculty, students value online learning when they perceive it helps improve their learning and performance (performance expectancy) and find that e-learning tools are easy to use (effort expectancy) but in contrast to faculty, image, and peer pressure (Social influence) also plays an important role in their acceptance of online learning. Additionally, the changing classroom dynamics, specifically the professor-student power equation under online teaching, is less of a concern for students as compared to faculty.