Unified State Research Articles

ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И НЕДОСТАТКИ УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ПО ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ НА УРОВНЕ ОСНОВНОГО ОБЩЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the educational and methodological complex (EMC) of general history using the example of the textbooks subject line edited by A. A. Vigasin and A. Ya. Yudovskaya. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that in light of the upcoming transition of basic general education to a unified state textbook, it is necessary to analyze the educational and methodological complex on general history and demonstrate its strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of the work is to consider the advantages that the developers of the new manual should take into account, as well as the disadvantages of this educational complex, which should be avoided when compiling a textbook. In the course of the analysis, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that the advantages of teaching materials prevail over the disadvantages, but do not exclude them.

Publicly available information on the creditworthiness of individuals in the Russian empire (historical and legal analysis)

Due to the establishment of the legal institute of reference offices on creditworthiness in the Russian Empire, entrepreneurs had the opportunity to order a certificate of creditworthiness of a potential counterparty; however, for objective reasons, this method was quite long in time. The information reflected in the certificate was confidential. The 19th – the early 20th centuries’Russia lacked the unified state public register of information characterising the financial reliability of trade turnover participants. The author investigates publicly available sources of obtaining data on the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the pre-revolutionary period merchants and industrialists could use to make a decision on concluding a contract, including with the terms of a credit transaction. The publicly available information on the creditworthiness of clients in the Russian Empire is information collected and stored in reference offices on creditworthiness, provided by the latter in various formats to interested parties. The article examines the methods of providing entrepreneurs with information borrowed from foreign practice and used in Russian trade. An important source of acquiring information about creditworthiness was data obtained from mass media. At the same time, the risks of the reliability of this information were assumed by the person using this information. When writing the article, the author studied a large array of periodicals, used scientific works of scientists of the pre-revolutionary period, and also studied archival documents, some of which had not been studied in the legal doctrine before.

On the Issue of Bringing a Controlling Person to Subsidiary Liability for the Obligations of an Inactive Limited Liability Company That Has Ceased Its Activities

The article discusses the issues of bringing to subsidiary liability provided for in clause 3.1 Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies”, designed from the end of 2018 to provide additional guarantees for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of creditors in the event of exclusion of the company from the unified state register of legal entities as an inactive legal entity on the basis of an administrative act of the registering authority, bypassing liquidation procedures, in accordance with Article 21.1 of the Federal Law “On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs”. In the work, the authors made an attempt to determine the nature and place of this responsibility in the civil law system, as well as to offer recommendations for unifying the practice of its application. As a result of a comparative legal analysis, the authors of the work came to the conclusion that subsidiary liability is a measure of civil liability for a tort, and the norm enshrined in clause 3.1 Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies” is an exception to the general rule on the termination of an obligation by liquidation of a legal entity (Article 419 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Due to the similarity of this liability with subsidiary liability in case of insolvency (bankruptcy), the authors propose to apply by analogy the provisions of the provisions of Chapter III.2 of the Federal Law “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)” and the clarifications of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, enshrined in the Resolution of the Plenum of December 21, 2017 No. 53 “On some issues related to holding persons controlling the debtor liable in bankruptcy”.

A Transfer Approach Using Graph Neural Networks in Deep Reinforcement Learning

Transfer learning (TL) has shown great potential to improve Reinforcement Learning (RL) efficiency by leveraging prior knowledge in new tasks. However, much of the existing TL research focuses on transferring knowledge between tasks that share the same state-action spaces. Further, transfer from multiple source tasks that have different state-action spaces is more challenging and needs to be solved urgently to improve the generalization and practicality of the method in real-world scenarios. This paper proposes TURRET (Transfer Using gRaph neuRal nETworks), to utilize the generalization capabilities of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to facilitate efficient and effective multi-source policy transfer learning in the state-action mismatch setting. TURRET learns a semantic representation by accounting for the intrinsic property of the agent through GNNs, which leads to a unified state embedding space for all tasks. As a result, TURRET achieves more efficient transfer with strong generalization ability between different tasks and can be easily combined with existing Deep RL algorithms. Experimental results show that TURRET significantly outperforms other TL methods on multiple continuous action control tasks, successfully transferring across robots with different state-action spaces.

The main directions of the study of federalism in the Russian legal science of the 1920s

The subject of the study is the theory of federalism in the Russian legal science of the 1920s. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the theories of federalism of the 1920s based on the study of a wide array of publications of this period. The research methodology includes the following methods. The chronological method allowed us to distribute legal facts and their interpretations in chronological order. The comparative legal method was used to compare legal phenomena and institutions of different periods. The method of hermeneutics was used in the interpretation of texts.The following scientific results were obtained.The 1920s were a special period in Russian legal science. The ideological demands of the Soviet government formulated an urgent scientific agenda. At the same time, the political regime of this period allowed for relative freedom of scientific activity. The discreteness and continuity in the study of the problems of federalism are noted. In Soviet conditions, the federal theme was of particular relevance because of its practical significance. The development of the theory of federalism was carried out simultaneously with the approval of the Soviet federal state, the legal consolidation of relations between its subjects. The organizational center for the study of the theory and practice of federalism was located in the system of academic scientific institutions.The problems of federalism in the legal perspective were studied within the framework of state law. In addition, they were part of the subject of a new complex industry, which became known as "Soviet construction".Publications of the 1920s reflected the interdisciplinarity of research interpretations. In the comparative legal aspect, the theory of federalism and types of federations were studied. In the political aspect, the features of the Soviet federation, its differences from the federations of the bourgeois type were studied. The practice of Soviet construction was analyzed and generalized from a practical perspective. The key research issue of the 1920s was to determine the legal nature of the Soviet Federation. Definitions of the legal nature of the RSFSR and the USSR were given. An important conclusion was made about the continuity and continuity of the forms of the Soviet federation. Many questions remained debatable. Clarity was not achieved on the following issues: on the composition of the subjects of the RSFSR; on the combination of national and state sovereignty. For the first time, the question of the place and role of the historical Russian center within the USSR was raised. During the period of the 1920s, priorities in the study of the problems of federalism changed. At the beginning of the period, the main attention was paid to the study of the federation as an effective way to solve the national issue. The federal structure was considered a transitional form of the Soviet state. A state built on the principles of proletarian internationalism was declared promising. At the end of the 1920s, the concept of a large unified state was most actively developed. It was proved that within the framework of the USSR, national demands are satisfied and the interests of all nations are respected.

Disclosure of information on ultimate beneficial owners: from theory to practice

Ukraine has taken a significant step in the direction of transparency and fighting corruption, becoming one of the first countries in the world to disclose information about the beneficial owners of companies and make it publicly available. On 14 October 2014, the relevant Law of Ukraine "On Prevention and Fighting the Legalisation (Laundering) of Criminal Proceeds, Financing of Terrorism and Financing of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” was adopted, according to which all legal entities are required to submit to the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, individuals-entrepreneurs and public formations (hereinafter referred to as EDR) information about their ultimate beneficial owners.
 This historic initiative was an unequivocal breakthrough for Ukraine in ensuring transparency and openness in the field of disclosure of ownership of legal entities. This Law brought Ukraine's anti­money laundering and terrorist financing system up to international standards (the implementation of EU Directive 2015/849). The availability of information on beneficial owners has not only increased trust in government regulation, but has also made the country an example for other countries seeking to fight corruption and ensure a fair and transparent business environment.
 The law improved the system of financial monitoring, in particular regarding the application of a risk-oriented approach by subjects of primary financial monitoring. International organizations and the world community understand the importance of disclosure of information about the beneficial owners of companies, therefore it is reflected in a number of international legal acts. Ukraine is actively implementing international standards into national legislation, which confirms the high level of Ukraine's obligations to the international community in the fight against corruption and financial crimes.

Falsification of registration of organizations and registration of rights to securities in domestic criminal law

The article deals with the genesis of domestic criminal legislation on liability for distortion of accounting register information about legal entities and securities (Art. 1701 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of scientific research in the field of the noted encroachment. The main task is to search for and study criminal-legal norms ensuring the reliability of the mentioned information. Based on formal-legal and historical-legal methods of research it is concluded that the required criminal-legal norms in the pre-revolutionary period were absent, and there was a gap in the part of protection of the reliability of the register of securities owners, which was not filled until 2010. For the first time since the introduction of the registration of organizations in the Soviet period the submission of inaccurate information for this purpose was considered a crime (Art. 90, 226b of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1922, Art. 187 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1926). At the present stage of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation initially prohibited only the submission of false or distorted information, preventing fictitious registration in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of business entities (part 1 of Art. 171), and only since the middle of 2010 (with an addition in 2018) and to this day the reliability of information of the accounting system of the securities market and registration data on all legal entities in the country has been put under the protection of the criminal law against falsification and distortion (Art.1701).

The legal regime of the share in the authorized capital of a limited liability company acquired by spouses during marriage, during the life of the spouses and after the death of one of the spouses

The authors analyze the legal regime of a share in the authorized capital of a limited liability company acquired during marriage, as well as the legal fate of this share in the event of death of one of the spouses. Acquisition of a share is basic for acquisition of corporate rights to participate in the company. Since the legal regime of joint ownership presupposes the ownership of property without determining the shares of each co-owner, regardless of which spouse is registered in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, both spouses are members of the company and considered as one subject (legal relationship with multiple persons). Any of the co-owners has the right to act in exercising general corporate rights as an authorized person, forming a single will. Increments received from owning shares (income) go into the common property. After the death of a spouse, the common joint property is transformed into the individual property of the surviving spouse, who receives ½ of the common property of the spouses. The second half of the common property is considered to belong to the deceased spouse, and therefore is included in the inheritance mass and undergoes through the procedure of hereditary succession. The transformation of common joint property into the individual property of the surviving spouse is not a transfer, since in this case there is no termination of the surviving spouse’s property rights. The rules governing the transfer of a share in the authorized capital of the company to third parties are not applicable to such transformation. A share in the authorized capital is an indivisible property, and therefore the legal fate of the share is the same.

Subsidiary liability of controlling persons for obligations of a company excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities

The paper examines the issues of bringing controlling persons to subsidiary liability for the obligations of a company excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The article determines the judicial procedure for holding controlling persons accountable for claims of creditors. It analyzes the provisions of Russian legislation and judicial practice regarding the grounds for prosecution under paragraph 3.1 Article 3 of the Law on Limited Liability Companies.The research reveals the effect of this rule of law over time and it essence, which excludes the use of the construction of limited liability of participants in a business company. An overview of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the issues under consideration including the circle of responsible persons, distribution of burden and circumstances of evidence is provided. The paper distinguishes characteristics of good faith and reasonable behavior of creditors and controlling persons as well as legal presumptions corresponding to the circumstance of the case. The conclusion is formulated on the recognition of subsidiary liability by inheritance of debts of a corporate organization. The paper investigates the competence of the court considering disputes on bringing to subsidiary liability of persons controlling a corporation and distinguishes between the corporate (under the general rules of litigation) and bankruptcy (under the rules of class action) proceedings. The characteristics of the powers of creditors acting in the interests of their civil law community are given. The research allows to ensure uniformity of judicial practice at interpreting the applicable rules of law.

Organizational and legal aspects of combating crimes against the environment in the conditions of war in Ukraine

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of organizational and legal aspects of combating crimes against the environment in the conditions of war in Ukraine at the national and international legal levels. Arguments are presented regarding the relevance in the global, international dimension: criminalization of environmental damage at the level of the European Union and its member states; detailing the shortcomings of international legislation and revising the relevant directive on environmental crimes; creation of functioning of the International Registry of Losses. It was emphasized that the introduction of appropriate changes to international legislation will allow creating a comprehensive system of measures to combat environmental crime, ensure the unification of national legislative systems in terms of terminology, composition of crimes, as well as sanctions applied for their commission in armed conflicts. It was concluded that at the national level, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to combat ecocide, develop a unified state policy in this area, establish an effective system for monitoring the state of the environment and fix the amount of damages, in particular, for the systematic presentation of legal claims for the payment of reparations. The national post-war recovery plan should include measures to restore and preserve ecosystems, in particular based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental protection. It is justified that the ecological direction should include the development and implementation of a holistic, comprehensive plan for the ecological recovery of Ukraine from the consequences of the war. It is noted that the relevant mechanisms should be universal in nature and effectively prevent crimes against the environment in the world, be reflected in relevant resolutions of the UN General Assembly and other documents of the international law system.

The unified state qualification exam STEP-1 as a marker of the success of the education of pediatric doctors in Ukraine and Bogomolets National Medical University

BackgroundUkraine’s higher medical education goes deeper and deeper every year in the European integration processes in the field of «Health Care» knowledge. Since 2005, the integrated license integrated exam STEP “General medical training” has been introduced in the country to diagnose the quality of training of specialists in all medical specialties. Since 2019, Ukraine, unlike other countries in Europe and the world, has been training specialists in the specialty “Pediatrics” at the stage of undergraduate training. The quality control of the training of specialists is carried out in the form of passing the Unified State Qualification Exam STEP (USQE STEP) separately for each medical specialty (Medicine and Pediatrics). Therefore, the purpose of our research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of the success of the first stage of the USQE STEP-1 by students of higher medical education in the specialty “Pediatrics” with the specialty “Medicine” in Ukraine and in the Bogomolets National Medical University (Bogomolets NMU).MethodsAnalytical references to the results of the first stage of the USQE STEP-1 for the students who have completed theoretical medical disciplines specialty “Pediatrics” and the specialty “Medicine” in Ukraine and Bogomolets NMU, which are provided by the Testing Center at the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Тhe statistical significance of comparative indicators was proved using Fisher’s test, with a statistical error that corresponded to the specified value for ≤ 0.05.ResultsIt is shown that in 2022, applicants of higher medical education of Ukraine with the specialty “Pediatrics” improved the overall success rate by 8.4%, and the success rate of subtests by an average of 10.5%, despite the state of war in Ukraine. The exception was the results of the licensing exam for the subtest component “Biochemistry”: compared to 2021, the pass rate decreased by 3.6% in the specialty “Medicine” and by 6.4% in the specialty “Pediatrics”. At Bogomolets NMU, the leaders of 2022 were the students of the “Pediatrics” specialty, their success rate is 2% higher than that of the “Medicine” specialty.ConclusionsThe analysis of the results of USQE STEP-1 by applicants of higher medical education of the specialties “Pediatrics” and “Medicine” in Ukraine showed the effectiveness of the selection of the specialty “Pediatrics” into a separate section of the training of specialists at the undergraduate level in the field of “Health Care”. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the effectiveness of organizational methodological techniques in the organization of the educational process in the conditions of the martial law of Ukraine and Bogomolets NMU as a leader in the training of specialists in Pediatric doctors has been proved.

Distributed Cubature Information Filtering Method for State Estimation in Bearing-Only Sensor Network.

The problem of state estimation based on bearing-only sensors is increasingly important while existing research on distributed filtering solutions is rather limited. Therefore, this paper proposed the novel distributed cubature information filtering (DCIF) method for addressing the state estimation challenge in bearing-only sensor networks. Firstly, the system model of the bearing-only sensor network was constructed, and the observability of the system was analyzed. The sensor nodes are paired to measure relative angle information. Subsequently, the coordinated consistency theory is employed to achieve a unified state estimation of the maneuvering target. The DCIF method enhances the observability of the system, addressing the issues of large accuracy errors and divergence in traditional nonlinear filtering algorithms. Building upon the theoretical proof of consistency convergence in DCIF, four simulation experiments were conducted for comparison. These experiments validate the effectiveness and superiority of the DCIF method in bearing-only sensor networks.

Features of the educational strategy of school graduates when entering regional universities in Russia

Introduction. With the change of generations, changes in the socio-economic conditions of life, global processes affecting local levels, the previously habitual mechanisms for the functioning of social institutions, in particular, education, also change. Restrictions on entry into the higher education system generate competition for state-funded places, and the USE mechanism is a key way to select the most talented and capable applicants. School graduates find other ways to universities because of the competitiveness and complexity of the Unified State Exam, along with the traditional trajectory of entering a university. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the educational strategies that Russian school graduates choose, the factors that determine this choice, and the problems that give rise to the variety of educational trajectories of graduates. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using an online survey among first-year students of two Volgograd universities – Volgograd State University and Volgograd State Technical University in October 2022 (N=527), the task of representation by gender and age was not set. Methods: analysis of sources, online survey, scaling, mathematical statistics (calculation of arithmetic mean), analysis of frequency distributions, analysis of contingency tables. Results. The quality of preparation for the USE is provided not only by general education schools, but also by various forms of additional education, tutors, courses, online schools. The overall level of USE results in the Volgograd region, based on average values, fluctuates in the range of 45-55 points out of 100, while the average scores for admission to the studied Volgograd universities, which were included in the study area of the authors, are 66.4 and 68.7 points, and in the capital - much higher. However, as the analysis of empirical data shows, the decision to enter a university is made on the basis of a wider range of factors, including the territorial location of the university, family traditions, and the socioeconomic status of the family. A rational approach to the implementation of the educational strategy gives rise to the so-called. "transit" trajectory of entering the university after college graduation. Admission to an institution of secondary vocational education can be an intermediate stage (for example, the share of college graduates in full-time departments of universities in Volgograd is 13%, in Russia – about 21%), or be the ultimate goal of the educational trajectory. Conclusion. Admission to a university after the 11th grade brings to the fore the quality of education in schools and preparation for the Unified State Exam, as a tool for the competitive selection of applicants applying for state-funded places at a university. Entering a university after graduating from college is not the most popular strategy, but it avoids the procedure for passing the exam, since admission is based on the results of the university's internal exams. Entering college after the 11th grade is a forced measure and reflects the problems of limited access to higher education on a budgetary basis, competition among applicants, poor preparation for the Unified State Examination, low level of family well-being, etc.

Старый новый взгляд на форму завещания

This article discusses the problems associated with the use of information technology in the registration of inheritance cases by a notary. One of the common grounds for the emergence of hereditary rights of citizens is a will. Notaries, like any other specialists in the modern world, use information and communication technologies. The result of the use of these information tools is the drafting of a will through the use of audio, video digital and other equipment. The idea of developing a unifi ed state website for electronic wills is currently becoming important due to the development of digital technologies in the notary offi ce, which will affect the law enforcement practice of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.The authors of the article focus their attention on the expediency of securing at the legislative level the possibility of using digital technologies in making a will.

THE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

The article presents the research results of the electronic system for managing university educational programs (EP). The analysis of scientific works showed that higher educational institutions need the introduction of integrated information systems. Such systems are the technical basis of the electronic university and have functionality for managing education and providing communications to university management. An analysis of the main processes of EP management was performed, and interested parties, their roles, and participation in the methods were determined. The proposed mathematical model is the basis of management for introducing the EP, its development, and implementation control based on quality parameters. The software module is a part of the university's management process support system and the JetIQ of Vinnytsia National Technical University's (VNTU's) comprehensive information system. For the analysis of the subject area and the formation of optimal management processes, the methodological recommendations of the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (NAQA), data export and import system for the Unified State Electronic Database on Education Issues, the experience, and recommendations of experts from the department of quality assurance of education of VNTU, experts and guarantors of educational programs were used. Precedent models are formed about such role scenarios – applicant, student, teacher, guarantor, management, expert, stakeholder (employer). Such models made it possible to create not only the software module for the management of educational programs (QEd – Quality Educational) but also to determine the conditions for publication on the main website of VNTU of educational programs and documentation of their development, syllabi on the foremost showcase and jet-sites of the department, to create scenarios for automatic quality control of the EP. The result of the creation of the software module for the management of educational programs is a system of structured information regarding the development and implementation of the educational program, which allows the guarantor and specialists of the department to ensure the quality of education by use special containers for documentation and interested parties to use public up-to-date information on the university's websites.

THE USE PICCO TECHNOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE HEART AND SYSTEMIC GEODYNAMICS DURING ORTHOTOPIC HEART TRANSPLANTATION

Summary. Approximately 5000 heart transplants are performed annually in the world. According to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/ Heart Failure Society of America (ACC/AHA/HFSA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), there are currently more people on the waiting list for heart transplants than there are donor organs available. The Ukrainian National Waiting List of the Unified State Transplantation Information System contains more than 2,000 patients, of whom about 500 need a heart transplant. Objective. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of haemodynamic monitoring using a continuous analysis system for measuring pulse waveform and transpulmonary thermodilution and its impact on orthotopic heart transplantation. Materials and methods. The work is based on the results of 30 recipients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. The average age of the recipients was 41.4±3.2 years. There were 90 % of male recipients and 10 % of female recipients. All recipients were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction with an average of 18 ± 4.4 %. All patients underwent heart transplantation using PiCCO hemodynamic monitoring, which assessed the optimality of fluid, inotropic and vasopressor therapy with analysis of changes in the functional state of systemic hemodynamic (blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, cardiac index, cardiac output, global end-diastolic volume index, extravascular lung water index, systemic vascular resistance and global ejection fraction) at the time of donor heart inclusion in the recipient’s circulation Results. It was found that all patients had a reduced ejection fraction. In 100% of patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation, PiCCO monitoring was used, which showed cardiac dysfunction with a reduced cardiac index of 1.90 ± 0.24 l/min/m on average, global end-diastolic blood volume index was 571 ± 163.7 ml/m2 and was reduced, reflecting a decrease in preload. While the extravascular water index in the lungs averaged 9.2 ± 1.41 ml/kg of body weight and was increased, indicating possible pulmonary oedema at the beginning of surgery. Conclusions. PiCCO monitoring allows real-time diagnosis of functional changes in the myocardium, differentiation of major circulatory disorders in patients with involvement of vital organs and systems, including breathing (gas exchange), classification of haemodynamic disorders and timely correction. During the study, PiCCO monitoring revealed an improvement in extravascular lung water in 95 % of patients by the end of CPR, which made it possible to adequately treat these disorders and prevent pulmonary oedema, provide adequate correction with inotropic support and balance postload with the systemic vascular resistance index and improve the cardiac index by 99.1 %.

Cavity expansion-based interpretation of piezocone penetration test (CPTu) data in clays

A cavity expansion-based method is proposed in this paper to correlate the relevant findings with the piezocone penetration test (CPTu) data in clays. The rigorous and explicit solution for both spherical and cylindrical undrained cavity expansion is adopted based on a unified critical state constitutive model for clays and sands. The analogous model developed is comprehensively validated against two series of advanced numerical simulations and calibration chamber tests of the CPTu in fine-grained soils, along with bias analyses. The effects of the overconsolidation ratio and initial state parameter are extensively investigated for various clay types. Both theoretical and empirical correlations are then proposed for back-calculations of cone factor, undrained shear strength, overconsolidation ratio and initial state parameter of clays. Two case studies of CPTu tests are conducted in addition to examine correlations and contours of the in situ state parameter, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed theoretical approach for interpretation of the CPTu data.

The unified state examination in mathematics in urban and rural schools: The impact of the 2020-2021 pandemic

This mixed methods study investigates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes and perceptions related to the high-stakes unified state exam (USE) mathematics assessment in Russia. Quantitative descriptive analyses of USE scores from 2018-2021 revealed statistically significant distributional differences over time, with progressive increases in higher performance tiers. However, while a positive trend was discernible, strength of association tests indicated it was marginally moderate across years. Stratified pass rate analyses illuminated between-group variances, with specialized schools strongly rebounding after initial 2020 declines observed universally. To gain stakeholder insights, surveys were administered to students and teachers from urban versus rural regions. Attitudes regarding the mandatory USE removal diverged between groups; optimism permeated small rural schools despite hardships, while skepticism was pronounced among urban teachers citing accountability concerns. Stress perceptions revealed dissonances signaling wellbeing impacts. Overall, while achievement markers show positive trajectories, attitudinal variations based on school-types underline social dimensions shaping high-stakes test experiences. Results implicate targeted support policies and context-sensitive analytical approaches for optimal crisis mitigation. Granular investigations of less-understood equity gaps, expanding methodologies and detailed demographic profiling would enrich these findings. By quantifying exam trends alongside experiential nuances, the study develops a contextualized understanding of mathematical assessment transformations, informing localized continuity planning for uncertain futures.

Spontaneous hemodynamic improvement after balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is observed within a short term after balloon pulmonary angioplasty.

Natural hemodynamic changesafter balloon pulmonary artery angioplasty (BPA) in a unified state without oxygen administration in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) remains undetermined. This study aimed to clarify the delayed changes in the hemodynamics after BPA in patients with CTEPH. We analyzed 73 consecutive patients with CTEPH who underwent BPA between July 2014 and December 2022. We extracted and evaluated hemodynamic data of the right heart catheter without oxygen administration immediately before and after the first BPA; and immediately before the second BPA, as the "post-delayed changes" after BPA. BPA significantly improved the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP, mmHg) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR, dyn-s/cm5) from 36 (32-43) mmHg and 449 (312-627) dyn-s/cm5 before the first BPA to 28 (23-32) mmHg and 275 (217-366) dyn-s/cm5 immediately after BPA, and further significantly improved the values to 23 (20-28) mmHg and 225 (175-301) dyn-s/cm5 post-delayed changes after BPA, respectively. Improvement observed on account of delayed changes was observed both with and without pulmonary hypertension drugs. The delayed changes were observed during a period of 5-180days, which did not correlate with the changes in mPAP and PVR. Hemodynamic improvement owing to BPA was observed immediately after BPA; however, further improvement was observed as a result of delayed changes. mPAP improved by 3.4 ± 5.2mmHg and PVR by 53 (10-99) dyn-s/cm5 as delayed improvement. mPAP and PVR showed delayed improved by approximately 10% of their values before BPA.

Analysis of Beach Cusp Formation and Evolution Using High‐Frequency 3D Lidar Scans

AbstractIn this study, beach cusp characteristics were explored using 15 months of 3D lidar scans collected hourly at the Field Research Facility in Duck, NC. Fourier analyses were performed on lidar‐derived beach elevation contours to generate spatial cusp spectra. Active cusp events were identified on the basis of the location and magnitude of each spectrum's peak and used to evaluate conditions during cusp formation and evolution. Cusps primarily developed during times with normally‐incident, long period, low energy wave conditions with low frequency spread, and reflective beach conditions. The upper and lower beaches often exhibited different behavior and morphologies, with persistent upper‐beach cusps lasting days to months and dynamic lower‐beach cusps evolving over individual tidal cycles. At times, beaches exhibiting multiple cusp systems reverted to a single cusp system extending over the entire beach when the high‐tide waterline reached the upper‐beach cusps, with the location and spacing of the resulting lower‐beach cusps controlled by the upper‐beach cusps. These observations are consistent with a “morphological coupling” hypothesis proposing that hydrodynamic‐morphodynamic feedbacks between the swash and upper‐beach cusps can result in the formation of lower‐beach cusps with a related wavelength as the tide falls. However, there were also times when the high‐tide waterline reached the upper‐beach cusps that did not result in a unified beach state. These results suggest that while morphological coupling is often an important factor in controlling the development of new lower‐beach cusps, this coupling cannot initiate cusp formation in hydrodynamic conditions outside those favorable for cusp activity.