Unified State Register Research Articles

The procedure for selecting declarations for NACP’s full audit: novelties and challenges

Every year, from 600 to 900 thousand declarations are submitted to the Unified State Register of Declarations of Persons Authorized to Perform State or Local Governance Functions. Meanwhile, only 27 employees of the National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) are responsible for conduction the full audit of these declarations. In such circumstances, the question of methodology under which the NACP selects declarations for full audit comes to the fore. Prior to the full-scale invasion on Ukrainian territory, national legislation had several provisions that defined the procedure for selecting declarations for full audit. The selection system in place at the time resulted in most full audits being conducted only on a very limited number of top officials. During martial law, in September 2023 - June 2024 the system of selecting declarations for full audit was significantly changed. Inter alia, the NACP adopted three new Procedures to regulate these issues. According to the updated regulations, all submitted declarations undergo a computerized risk assessment, after which declarations with the lowest risk are sent for automated audit, and the declarations with the highest risk are selected for full audit according to four levels of priority. While the new system of selection is certainly a significant step forward, it is not without drawbacks. Firstly, it involves unreasonable concealment of the rules of logical and arithmetic control (LAC) from the public, i.e. the criteria by which the NACP calculates the risk rating of each submitted declaration. Secondly, the institution of automated audit introduced in November 2023 is currently of low practical value and in some cases may even hinder the effective selection of declarations for full audit. To address these shortcomings, the NACP is recommended to make the LAC rules publicly available and provide an opportunity for their public discussion, as well as to abandon the mechanism of automated audit in the form in which it currently exists.

Obstruction of the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations vs. complicity in evasion of military service during mobilization: problems of qualification in judicial practice

The article analyzes the final verdicts delivered in 2024 and posted in the Unified State Register of Court Decisions, in which the actions of the accused are qualified under Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author identifies five variants of the defendants’ unlawful behavior which were qualified as obstruction of the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, namely, creation and/or administration of channels in Internet messengers for posting information on the delivery of summonses by employees of the Territorial Center for Manning and Social Training; drafting and issuance of knowingly false official documents which served as the basis for assigning a person a relevant disability group and which excluded the registration of vehicles for military use; issuing to other persons certificates, chevrons of membership in a public organization and enrollment in a volunteer military unit, which did not exempt such persons from military service; enrollment in a full-time higher education institution without relevant military registration documents for money and issuance of a certificate of enrollment; participation in blocking a vehicle in which employees of the Territorial Center for Recruitment and Social Training carried out mobilization activities on the territory of the. It is stated that most of the cases qualified under Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are subject to criminal law assessment as complicity in evasion of conscription for military service under mobilization (Article 336 of the of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) or under other articles of the Special Part of this Code which provide for liability for the sole commission of the relevant crimes. The author identifies and characterizes the features of the object of the crime under Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, as well as the signs of obstruction of lawful activity as a socially dangerous act.

Map of anthropogenic soil disturbance in Russia

Soils play an important role in maintaining the sustainability of the biosphere, as well as providing food, clothing and the basis for human life on Earth. In the process of irrational land use, soils are often degraded and sometimes completely destroyed. But, inventory of destroyed soils on a systematic basis is still not conducted in any country of the world. In Russia, traditional soil maps do not reflect the destroyed soils either. We have made an attempt to create the first map of the country, which shows soils destroyed as a result of directed anthropogenic impact. The map shows areas where soil cover was destroyed as a result of construction of buildings, structures, roads and railroads, quarries and embankments during mining. The crowdsourcing database OpenStreetMap was used as the main source of information, as well as the results of visual interpretation of disturbed soils using GoogleEarthTM satellite data. The data on disturbed soils were aggregated to soil-geographical sections of the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia (scale 1 : 2500000) (UGRSR). The map is presented in GIS format (shapefile). The map contains information on the area and share of disturbed soils, as well as the type of impact that resulted in disturbance.

Правове регулювання запобігання корупційним проявам в діяльності державної прикордонної служби в Україні в умовах воєнного стану

The article analyzes the legal regulation on the prevention of corruption in the activities of the State Border Service of Ukraine (SBSU) during martial law. Corruption poses a significant risk to national security, the efficiency of public resource management, economic development, and the stability of government. The legal definition of corruption refers to the use of official powers to obtain an unlawful benefit. In the context of martial law, the DPSU faced increased threats of corruption, in particular when controlling the state border. The article analyzes the main categories of anti-corruption legislation, including the prevention, prevention, prevention and counteraction of corruption, and also examines measures that can effectively reduce corruption risks in public administration. The main initiatives for the prevention of corruption cover a wide range of legal, organizational and educational measures aimed at eliminating the causes and conditions that can contribute to the commission of illegal actions.Effective management and control of state borders becomes especially important during martial law, when national security depends on the reliability of anti-corruption measures. In this context, the improvement of the legislative framework regulating the activities of the State Border Service of Ukraine, in particular regarding granting it the status of administrator of the Unified State Register of conscripts, conscripts and reservists, is important for strengthening control and reducing corruption risks at the border. Such changes will not only ensure more effective monitoring and compliance of border crossers with military and legal obligations, but will also help prevent the illegal movement of people across the border. These measures play a key role in ensuring the country’s internal stability and defense capability, especially in the face of military threats. Updating the legislation will also strengthen the legality of border service actions and increase their transparency, which is necessary to maintain citizens’ trust in state institutions.

Іncrease in the number of sentences for commitment of family violence as an indicator of increase in the level of legal culture of the society

The article highlights the issue of the increase in the number of cases of domestic violence known to law enforcement agencies. Factors affecting the increase of legal awareness of citizens and encouraging them to take decisive actions for zero tolerance to various types of violence in families are analyzed in detail. We analyzed the changes in the legislation of Ukraine, which became the driving force for the fight against domestic violence, the protection of victims and the punishment of offenders. An important step for this was the introduction of amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the addition of Article 126-1 “Domestic violence”. At the same time, an important factor in the formation of public awareness of the inadmissibility of domestic violence is the activity of public organizations, public figures, the media community, and mass media. The trend of increasing the level of legal culture of the individual in terms of zero tolerance for the actions of offenders is being followed. Society increasingly does not tolerate violence and strives for justice. It also shows that the legal culture of the individual is growing, people respect the law more and more and understand the importance of human rights. The connection is investigated, according to which increasing the level of awareness of citizens about their rights and about the possibilities of protection against violence leads to an increase in the number of appeals to the police and restoration of their rights by legal means. It has been proven that people seek help more and more often, knowing that they have support from the state. The number of sentences contained in the Unified State Register of Court Decisions for domestic violence in the period 2020–2024 is analyzed. It has been studied that the increase in the number of sentences for committing domestic violence is directly proportional to the increase in the level of legal culture of the individual and society. This fact confirms the opinion, however, that domestic violence is gradually leaving the category of latent crimes and victims are no longer ready to put up with violence in families. It was concluded that the development of legal culture in this context means that people not only know about the inadmissibility of violence, but also realize the importance of observing laws and actively participating in the fight against this problem.

A Fair Investment Environment: The Impact of the Shadow Economy, the Harshness of the Courts Against Corrupt Officials, Tax Pressure and Restrictions on Business

Creating a fair investment environment is crucial for economic growth and attracting domestic and foreign investors. The purpose of this study is to find out how the shadow economy, harshness of courts against corrupt officials, tax pressure, and restrictions on business affect the fair investment environment. Therefore, two economic-mathematical models are built using multiple least squares regression analysis, in which the outcome variables are: in model 1 ‒ control over corruption, which is a component of the Global Governance Index; in model 2 ‒ the European Business Association’s Investment Attractiveness Index. The composition of the factor attributes in both models is the same: Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International; level of shadow economy according to the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine; the number of criminal cases in courts under the article “Acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an undue benefit by an official” using open data from the Unified State Register of Court Decisions; total tax and fee rate, which reflects taxes and mandatory payments as a percentage of commercial profit, determined by the World Bank Group methodology; assessment of “Starting Business” by Doing Business, according to the methodology of the World Bank Group. The modeling is based on the example of Ukraine for 2012‒2022. Calculations based on Model 1 show that restrictions on business have the greatest impact on the corruption control indicator (a 10% reduction in restrictions leads to a 3-point reduction in the need to control corruption), the shadow economy and tax pressure have an average impact (a one-point increase in them will increase the level of corruption by 0.4 points). The harshness of the courts against corrupt officials has the least impact (most corruption cases in Ukraine do not reach the courts). Calculations based on Model 2 show that the complexity of starting a business exerts the greatest impact on investment attractiveness (if it decreases by 15%, investment attractiveness will increase by almost 1 unit). The average impact is exerted by the increase in the shadow economy (a 10% increase in the shadow economy leads to a rise in investment attractiveness by 0.4 units). The insignificant impact is exerted by the tax burden and judicial punishment of corrupt officials.

Causes of Death in Patients Asking for Polyclinic Care for Coronary Heart Disease.

Retrospective analysis of the underlying causes for death of patients who did and did not seek outpatient medical care (OPMC) for ischemic heart disease (IHD), and discussion of a possibility for using administrative anonymized but individualized databases for analysis. The electronic database of the Central Administration of the Civil Registry Office of the Moscow Region (Unified State Register of the Civil Registry Office of the Moscow Region), including medical death certificates (MDC) for 2021, was used to select all cases of fatal outcomes with the disease codes of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) (codes of external causes, injuries, poisonings excluded) that were indicated as the primary cause of death (PCD). Personalized data of the deceased were combined with data from electronic medical records of patients who sought OPMC at institutions of the Moscow Region within up to 2 years before death. In addition to IHD, the following PCD codes were taken into account: malignant tumors, COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alcohol-associated diseases, and, as examples of unspecified PCD, old age and unspecified encephalopathy.Results In total, among those who died from diseases, the proportion of those who died from IHD was 18.9%; for another 8.4%, IHD was indicated as a comorbid disease in Part II of the MDC. Among those who sought OPMC for IHD, the IHD proportion indicated as PCD was 27.5%, and among those who did not seek OPMC 17.4% (p <0.0001). Those who died from IHD and who had sought OPMC were older (mean age, 75.59 ± 10.94 years) than those who died from IHD and had not sought OMPM (mean age, 73.96 ± 10.94 years; p < 0.0001). The frequency of myocardial infarction as PCD among those who had and had not sought OPMC was the same (12%), chronic forms of IHD were 83.9% and 79.7%, the frequencies of "unspecified" acute forms of IHD (codes I24.8-9) were 4.1% and 8.3%, respectively. The proportion of deaths from COVID-19 was the highest (21.7% and 24.3%, respectively), from malignant neoplasms 11.6% and 12.7%, respectively, and from unspecified encephalopathy 10.6% and 10.7%, respectively. Only 25% of patients who had sought OPMC for IHD died from IHD, otherwise the causes of death were the same as for patients who had not sought OPMC for IHD. Analysis of administrative databases allows identifying disparities in the PCD structure and to direct the efforts of specialists to reconciling the criteria for death from various forms of IHD.

КАДАСТРОВЫЙ УЧЕТ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ОСОБО ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ЗНАЧЕНИЯ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

The article considers the features of cadastral registration in the Unified State Register of Specially protected natural territories of regional importance. The information contained in the EGRN on lands of specially protected natural territories can be used in planning the socio-economic development of regions, the effective use of lands of specially protected territories and facilities, and the resolution of disputes between land users and land owners.

On the Issue of Bringing a Controlling Person to Subsidiary Liability for the Obligations of an Inactive Limited Liability Company That Has Ceased Its Activities

The article discusses the issues of bringing to subsidiary liability provided for in clause 3.1 Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies”, designed from the end of 2018 to provide additional guarantees for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of creditors in the event of exclusion of the company from the unified state register of legal entities as an inactive legal entity on the basis of an administrative act of the registering authority, bypassing liquidation procedures, in accordance with Article 21.1 of the Federal Law “On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs”. In the work, the authors made an attempt to determine the nature and place of this responsibility in the civil law system, as well as to offer recommendations for unifying the practice of its application. As a result of a comparative legal analysis, the authors of the work came to the conclusion that subsidiary liability is a measure of civil liability for a tort, and the norm enshrined in clause 3.1 Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies” is an exception to the general rule on the termination of an obligation by liquidation of a legal entity (Article 419 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Due to the similarity of this liability with subsidiary liability in case of insolvency (bankruptcy), the authors propose to apply by analogy the provisions of the provisions of Chapter III.2 of the Federal Law “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)” and the clarifications of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, enshrined in the Resolution of the Plenum of December 21, 2017 No. 53 “On some issues related to holding persons controlling the debtor liable in bankruptcy”.

Disclosure of information on ultimate beneficial owners: from theory to practice

Ukraine has taken a significant step in the direction of transparency and fighting corruption, becoming one of the first countries in the world to disclose information about the beneficial owners of companies and make it publicly available. On 14 October 2014, the relevant Law of Ukraine "On Prevention and Fighting the Legalisation (Laundering) of Criminal Proceeds, Financing of Terrorism and Financing of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” was adopted, according to which all legal entities are required to submit to the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, individuals-entrepreneurs and public formations (hereinafter referred to as EDR) information about their ultimate beneficial owners.
 This historic initiative was an unequivocal breakthrough for Ukraine in ensuring transparency and openness in the field of disclosure of ownership of legal entities. This Law brought Ukraine's anti­money laundering and terrorist financing system up to international standards (the implementation of EU Directive 2015/849). The availability of information on beneficial owners has not only increased trust in government regulation, but has also made the country an example for other countries seeking to fight corruption and ensure a fair and transparent business environment.
 The law improved the system of financial monitoring, in particular regarding the application of a risk-oriented approach by subjects of primary financial monitoring. International organizations and the world community understand the importance of disclosure of information about the beneficial owners of companies, therefore it is reflected in a number of international legal acts. Ukraine is actively implementing international standards into national legislation, which confirms the high level of Ukraine's obligations to the international community in the fight against corruption and financial crimes.

Falsification of registration of organizations and registration of rights to securities in domestic criminal law

The article deals with the genesis of domestic criminal legislation on liability for distortion of accounting register information about legal entities and securities (Art. 1701 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of scientific research in the field of the noted encroachment. The main task is to search for and study criminal-legal norms ensuring the reliability of the mentioned information. Based on formal-legal and historical-legal methods of research it is concluded that the required criminal-legal norms in the pre-revolutionary period were absent, and there was a gap in the part of protection of the reliability of the register of securities owners, which was not filled until 2010. For the first time since the introduction of the registration of organizations in the Soviet period the submission of inaccurate information for this purpose was considered a crime (Art. 90, 226b of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1922, Art. 187 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1926). At the present stage of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation initially prohibited only the submission of false or distorted information, preventing fictitious registration in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of business entities (part 1 of Art. 171), and only since the middle of 2010 (with an addition in 2018) and to this day the reliability of information of the accounting system of the securities market and registration data on all legal entities in the country has been put under the protection of the criminal law against falsification and distortion (Art.1701).

The legal regime of the share in the authorized capital of a limited liability company acquired by spouses during marriage, during the life of the spouses and after the death of one of the spouses

The authors analyze the legal regime of a share in the authorized capital of a limited liability company acquired during marriage, as well as the legal fate of this share in the event of death of one of the spouses. Acquisition of a share is basic for acquisition of corporate rights to participate in the company. Since the legal regime of joint ownership presupposes the ownership of property without determining the shares of each co-owner, regardless of which spouse is registered in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, both spouses are members of the company and considered as one subject (legal relationship with multiple persons). Any of the co-owners has the right to act in exercising general corporate rights as an authorized person, forming a single will. Increments received from owning shares (income) go into the common property. After the death of a spouse, the common joint property is transformed into the individual property of the surviving spouse, who receives ½ of the common property of the spouses. The second half of the common property is considered to belong to the deceased spouse, and therefore is included in the inheritance mass and undergoes through the procedure of hereditary succession. The transformation of common joint property into the individual property of the surviving spouse is not a transfer, since in this case there is no termination of the surviving spouse’s property rights. The rules governing the transfer of a share in the authorized capital of the company to third parties are not applicable to such transformation. A share in the authorized capital is an indivisible property, and therefore the legal fate of the share is the same.

Subsidiary liability of controlling persons for obligations of a company excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities

The paper examines the issues of bringing controlling persons to subsidiary liability for the obligations of a company excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The article determines the judicial procedure for holding controlling persons accountable for claims of creditors. It analyzes the provisions of Russian legislation and judicial practice regarding the grounds for prosecution under paragraph 3.1 Article 3 of the Law on Limited Liability Companies.The research reveals the effect of this rule of law over time and it essence, which excludes the use of the construction of limited liability of participants in a business company. An overview of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the issues under consideration including the circle of responsible persons, distribution of burden and circumstances of evidence is provided. The paper distinguishes characteristics of good faith and reasonable behavior of creditors and controlling persons as well as legal presumptions corresponding to the circumstance of the case. The conclusion is formulated on the recognition of subsidiary liability by inheritance of debts of a corporate organization. The paper investigates the competence of the court considering disputes on bringing to subsidiary liability of persons controlling a corporation and distinguishes between the corporate (under the general rules of litigation) and bankruptcy (under the rules of class action) proceedings. The characteristics of the powers of creditors acting in the interests of their civil law community are given. The research allows to ensure uniformity of judicial practice at interpreting the applicable rules of law.

Credibility of Information in the Unified State Register of Real Property. Specifics of Correcting the Data by Implementing the System of Integrated Cadastral Works

Credibility of Information in the Unified State Register of Real Property. Specifics of Correcting the Data by Implementing the System of Integrated Cadastral Works

Actual Problems of the Application of Bankruptcy Legislation in Courts of General Jurisdiction

The study seems relevant because there is no uniform practice for certain categories of disputes related to the bankruptcy of individuals. The main purpose of this scientific article is to determine the features and current state of consideration of the analyzed category of disputes, identify current problems, and develop proposals for their resolution. The achievement of this goal is realized mainly through the solution of such tasks as the study of current legislation, the practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the established judicial practice of courts of general jurisdiction, as well as arbitration courts. On the basis of general scientific and private scientific (comparative legal, technical-legal, formal-logical) methods used in this study, judicial conflicts and practice were analyzed, issues requiring legal solutions were identified, measures aimed at improving the current legislation were proposed. As a result, it will become obvious that the main issues on which such disputes arise are procedural in nature. The results of the study indicate the need to detail the legal norms on the jurisdiction of cases in the division of jointly acquired property of spouses, one of whom is bankrupt; jurisdiction of cases related to non-competitive contesting of transactions; jurisdiction of cases involving subsidiary liability when an organization is excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities administratively.

Role of maintaining real estate cadaster in environmental sustainability formation in the Russian Federation

Modern sustainable formation of land management of territories in the Russian Federation among other things has a significant environmental aspect, the role of which increases every year in the early 2020s. Formation of a qualitative sustainable ecological state of the state requires the maintenance of qualitative and qualitative accounting, actual monitoring of the state of land in the Russian Federation. The article considers and analyzes the current order of the real estate cadaster in the Russian Federation from the point of view of the formation of a sustainable ecological state of the land of the state and its direct relationship in the current system of accounting and environmental monitoring of land according to the current regulations. The analysis of the role of improving the environmental component of land management and real estate cadaster in the context of monitoring and evaluation of systematic analysis of incoming information in terms of the practical component of the implementation of such information. The role of environmental studies for the formation of criteria and quality level of works on land management and real estate cadaster is assessed. Key words: state cadastral registration of real estate, unified state register of real estate, inventory of real estate objects, environmental monitoring of lands, cadastre, real estate, register, environmental legislation, accounting, law.

ІNVENTORY OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES: THE TOOL FOR RESTORING ACCOUNTING IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES UNDER CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

The article examines the organisation and methodology of conducting an inventory of assets and liabilities at enterprises affected by military operations or under occupation. The author examines the peculiarities of the process of restoring the activities of agro-industrial enterprises located in the areas of hostilities and occupied territories, which is associated with the problems of reflecting the losses caused by military aggression in accounting and reporting. It is established that in order to determine them, it is necessary to apply a set of accounting measures, one of the most important of which is an inventory. When conducting an inventory, it is ensured that the facts of destruction, destruction, damage and theft of assets are established. In the management system, the inventory helps to establish the actual financial position of the company and plan further investments, and in accounting, it is the basis for recording the damage caused by military operations. The study found that conducting an inventory after the de-occupation of the territories has certain peculiarities: a significant part of agricultural land is mined, and the enterprises themselves may have been damaged by shelling, so before the inventory begins, it is necessary to create conditions for safe and unhindered access to the enterprise's assets by contacting the relevant military/military-civilian administration and to inspect the territory for explosive devices. It has been established that during the hostilities, some enterprises did not work and employees migrated to safe regions or abroad, so it may not be possible to appoint an inventory commission and identify a materially responsible person, in which case the company may appoint responsible persons and start the inventory without a materially responsible person. After the inventory is completed, conclude a full liability agreement with another employee and transfer the assets to him or her for storage. Based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts, the author suggests alternative sources of obtaining information on assets in case of their complete or partial absence of accounting data due to their destruction (loss) during the occupation. It is established that the sources of such information may include data from state registers, in particular, the State Register of Real Property Rights, the Unified State Register of Vehicles, the State System of Intellectual Property Legal Protection, the Unified State Register of Animals of the Agency for Animal Identification and Registration. It is proposed to supplement the chart of accounts of assets, equity and liabilities with a separate subaccount 026 "Atypical assets identified during the inventory", where it is advisable to reflect assets identified during the inventory that are atypical for a given enterprise until the military / civil-military administration decides on their further use. We concluded that the involvement of an independent auditor during the inventory will help to increase the reliability and completeness of accounting and financial reporting data, which will be a reliable basis for recording the damage caused by military aggression.

Access to garden-plots with reference to the Model Law of the CIS Member States

The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the Appellate decision of the Leningrad Regional Court dated August 11, 2021, No. 33-3839/2021 in which the court concluded that the residents of the garden village have rights to access to individual land plots on the basis of an easement type encumbrance established in relation to the roads of the village as a result of the division of the original land plot. In support of its position the court refers, among other, to the Model Law “On Limited Property Rights”, approved on November 27, 2015, by the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS Member States. At the same time the case is remarkable not only for its reference to the Model Law, but also for the fact that in its resolution a commendable attempt was made to find answers to questions about the allowability (non-allowability) of the alienation of general purpose land plots in garden villages and gated communities separately from individual land plots in these villages and communities; for the qualification of the restriction established by a cadastral engineer in the process of dividing a land plot and displayed as a special note in the Unified State Register of Real Estate. In addition the case allows to reflect on the allowability of using Model Laws to resolve cases in Russian courts; on the presence (absence) of provisions on so-called “legal easements” in the Federal Law of July 29, 2017, No. 217-FZ “On Gardening and Horticulture by Citizens for Their Own Needs and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”; on the possibility to establish a “private” easement in relation to one’s property, including the process of dividing one’s land plot; on the most effective ways to protect owners of individual land plots in garden villages and gated communities in the events of conflicts with owners of general purpose land plots in these villages and communities.

The transition of the agricultural industry to digital farming: An organizational and practical approach

Using the example of the agricultural sector, the article examines how, as digital technologies develop, the nature of state regulation of relevant relations changes. Key problems in agricultural land use are identified, and measures to solve them are described. The transition to a unified state register of agricultural lands containing data about them in digital form will not only make it possible to quickly and reasonably make management organizational decisions, but also ensure the required comparability of the initially disparate data included in it.

ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРЕДОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ЛЕСНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ В ПРЕДЕЛАХ ЛЕСНОГО ФОНДА В АРЕНДУ В ХАБАРОВСКОМ КРАЕ ДЛЯ ЦЕЛЕЙ НЕДРОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

The article deals with the issues of granting forest plots within the forest fund for rent for subsoil use. The acquisition of rights to a land plot is an integral part of the exploration and production of minerals. Relations in the field of subsoil use related to land plots are sufficiently regulated by natural resource legislation, however, they require detailed consideration in relation to registration of rights to forest plots from forest fund lands. The main problems that arise when using forest fund lands for the purposes of geological study, exploration and mining are identified. The current legislation for the purposes of subsoil use on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory is analyzed. Taking into account the analysis of the provision of forest plots within the forest fund for rent in the Khabarovsk Territory for the purposes of subsoil use, possible ways to solve the identified problems are proposed by integrating data from the state forest registry into the unified state register of real estate (EGRN).