Unification Scenario Research Articles

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Accuracy Evaluation of Range Estimation of Pure Electric Vehicles Based on CLTC-P

The estimation accuracy of the cruising range of electric vehicles is an important performance index of electric vehicles. Improving the accuracy of cruising range estimation is of great significance for improving the user acceptance of electric vehicles. This paper carried out vehicle tests under normal temperature environment based on China light-duty vehicle test cycle for passenger car (CLTC-P) under different battery state of charge and long-distance constant-speed driving, and use the determination coefficient to analyze and evaluate the accuracy of the metered range mileage. At the same time the paper deeply study the impact of different data collection frequencies and the vehicle’s metered range self-learning mode on the accuracy of the range mileage. This study provides theoretical support for the use of certain coefficients to study the accuracy of the estimated range of pure electric vehicles under unified scenarios and specific working conditions, and to establish a test and evaluation method for the accuracy of range of electric vehicles

Universal behavior in the Nernst effect of heavy fermion materials

We report the observation of a universal scaling of the Nernst coefficient over a wide intermediate temperature range in heavy fermion materials, including the superconductors CeCu$_2$Si$_2$, CeCoIn$_5$, and Ce$_2$PdIn$_8$, the ferromagnetic Kondo lattice Ce$_3$RhSi$_3$, the nonmagnetic CeRu$_2$Si$_2$, the intermediate valent YbAl$_3$, and the hidden order compound URu$_2$Si$_2$, that cover a broad spectrum of heavy fermion materials with different crystal, valence and ground state properties. The scaling formula follows exactly the magnetic susceptibility of emergent heavy quasiparticles as predicted in the two-fluid model. We give a tentative explanation of the scaling based on the skew scattering mechanism and the Boltzmann picture and argue that the Nernst effect is produced by the asymmetry of the quasiparticle density of states rather than that of the scattering rate. In URu$_2$Si$_2$, the giant Nernst signal in the hidden order phase is also found to follow the predicted scaling, indicating the potential involvement of hybridization physics. Our work suggests a candidate unified scenario for the Nernst effect in heavy fermion materials.

Cities4ZERO Approach to Foresight for Fostering Smart Energy Transition on Municipal Level

Smart energy transition efforts at the municipal level are gaining importance and go far beyond implementing single projects. Decarbonising cities involves complex strategic planning and needs system level thinking and changes. This has been increasingly realised at the municipal level, but challenges remain regarding the tools, involvement of stakeholders and on the development of policies. The focus of the research is on the use of participatory foresight for fostering smart energy transition on a municipal level, the key benefits and success factors that participatory foresight brings, and the replicability of this approach. Within the novel Cities4ZERO framework, an overarching methodology for a smart urban decarbonisation transition, guiding cities through the process of developing the most appropriate strategies, plans, projects, as well as looking for the commitment of key local stakeholders for an effective transition–foresight framework, was developed and tested in five pilot cities. Foresight as applied within the Cities4ZERO framework creates a participatory process which brings stakeholders together to achieve unified scenarios, and a common vision for future urban decarbonisation strategies. The methodology is replicable and increases the quality of strategic energy planning by fostering long-term system thinking.

Non-isothermal Phase-Field Modeling of Heat\u2013Melt\u2013Microstructure-Coupled Processes During Powder Bed Fusion

Modeling and simulation of powder bed fusion (PBF) remain a great challenge due to the sophisticated and interactive nature of underlying physics.A unified scenario considering interactions among the heat transfer, melt flow dynamics and microstructure evolution (noted as “heat–melt–microstructure-coupled processes”) is therefore essential for a thermodynamically consistent description and thus reliable microstructure prediction. In contrast to the state of the art, where either individual aspects are considered or the thermal history is taken as input from separate numerical scheme, we propose in this work a unified non-isothermal phase-field model for the heat–melt–microstructure-coupled processes during PBF.Simulations on a stainless steel 316L powder bed demonstrate that the model can reproduce well-observed features, but also help to discover new in-process phenomena and reveal the mechanism of the defect formation.Based on massive simulation results, we also present the densification map with respect to beam power and scan speed, and have classified the regions of the parameter combination by the distinct resultant morphology.

An integrated scheme of speed control and vibration suppression for spiral spring energy storage system driven by PMSM based on backstepping control with minimum electrical loss

The operational performance of the spiral spring energy storage system is affected by the vibration of the spiral spring and the electrical loss of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. It is important to eliminate vibration and reduce electrical loss. A unified control scenario for speed regulation and vibration suppression based on the minimum electrical loss is proposed. First, the spiral spring is equivalent to an Euler–Bernoulli beam and its dynamic model suitable for control is established via the Lagrange equation. Then, the unified control scenario is proposed through nonlinear backstepping control. The speed controller and current controller including modal vibration suppression and minimum electrical loss operation of the system are established, and the stability of the controller is theoretically proved. Moreover, for unknown vibration mode of the spiral spring, a vibration mode–based estimation method with the least-squares algorithm is designed. Aiming at the uncertainty of the permanent magnet synchronous motor’s iron loss resistance, an estimation algorithm based on an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system is designed. The experimental results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. In comparison with traditional backstepping control, the proposed control method can effectively suppress the vibration of the spiral spring and realize the stable and highly efficient energy storage operation of the system.

Peculiar emission line spectra of core extremely red BOSS quasars at z∼2–3: orientation and/or evolution?

Context. Core extremely red quasars (core ERQ) have been proposed to represent an intermediate evolutionary phase in which a heavily obscured quasar blows out the circumnuclear interstellar medium with very energetic outflows before it becomes an optical quasar. Aims. We investigate whether the properties of core ERQ fit the AGN orientation-based unification scenario. Methods. We revised the general UV and optical emission line properties of core ERQ in the context of the orientation-based scenario. We used diagnostic diagrams based on UV emission line ratios and UV-to-optical line kinematic information to compare the physical and kinematic gas properties of core ERQ with those of other luminous narrow- and broad-line AGN. In particular, we provide a revised comparison of the [OIII] kinematics in 21 core ERQ (20 from Perrotta et al. 2019, MNRAS, 488, 4126 and SDSS J171420.38+414815.7, based on GTC EMIR near-infrared spectroscopy) with other samples of quasars with matching luminosity with the aim of evaluating whether core ERQ host the most extreme [OIII] outflows. Results. The UV line ratios suggest that the physical properties (e.g., density and metallicity) of the ionised gas in core ERQ are similar to those observed in the broad-line region of blue nitrogen-loud quasars. The [OIII] outflow velocities of core ERQ are on average consistent with those of very luminous blue type 1 quasars, although extreme outflows are much more frequent in core ERQ. These similarities can be explained in the context of the AGN unification model under the assumption that core ERQ are viewed with an intermediate orientation between type 2 (edge-on) and type 1 (face-on) quasars. Conclusions. We propose that core ERQ are very luminous but otherwise normal quasars viewed at an intermediate orientation. This orientation allows a direct view of the outer part of the large broad-line region from which core ERQ UV line emission originates; the extreme [OIII] outflow velocities are instead a consequence of the very high luminosity of core ERQ.

Addressing the RD(*) anomalies with an S1 leptoquark from SO(10) grand unification

Motivated by the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomalies, we investigate an $\mathrm{SO}(10)$ grand unification scenario where a charge $-1/3$ scalar leptoquark ($S_1$) remains as the only new physics candidate at the TeV scale. This leptoquark along with the Standard Model (SM) Higgs doublet originates from the same 10-dimensional real scalar multiplet in the $\mathrm{SO}(10)$ grand unification framework taking its mass close to the electroweak scale. We explicitly show how the gauge coupling unification is achieved with only one intermediate symmetry-breaking scale at which the Pati-Salam gauge group is broken into the SM group. We investigate the phenomenological implications of our scenario and show that an $S_1$ with a specific Yukawa texture can explain the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomalies. We perform a multiparameter scan considering the relevant flavour constraints on $R_{D^{(*)}}$, $F_L{(D^*)}$, $P_\tau(D^*)$ and $R_{K^{(*)}}^{\nu\nu}$ as well as the constraint coming from the $Z\to\tau\tau$ decay and the latest $\tau\tau$ resonance search data at the LHC. Our analysis shows that a single leptoquark solution to the observed $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomalies with $S_1$ is still a viable solution.

Physical Models for the Clustering of Obscured and Unobscured Quasars

Abstract Clustering measurements of obscured and unobscured quasars show that obscured quasars reside in more massive dark matter halos than their unobscured counterparts. These results are inconsistent with simple unified (torus) scenarios but might be explained by models in which the distribution of obscuring material depends on Eddington ratio or galaxy stellar mass. We test these possibilities by constructing simple physical models to compare to observed active galactic nucleus populations. We find that previously observed relationships between obscuration and Eddington ratio or stellar mass are not sufficient to reproduce the observed quasar clustering results ( and for obscured and unobscured populations, respectively) while maintaining the observed fraction of obscured quasars (30%–65%). This work suggests that evolutionary models, in which obscuration evolves on the typical timescale for black hole growth, are necessary to understand the observed clustering of mid-IR-selected quasars.

Celebrating school remembrance days “rebooted”

Historical remembrance days and related celebrations are part of a culture of remembrance and are characterized by processes such as the typical use of language in speeches or songs (Huszar, Prikler, forthcoming), and possibly the inclusion of tools reflecting the historical age or nature of remembrance, such as wreaths, flags, etc. Participation in such events is also a form of socialization, especially when it takes place at school and is planned, organ- ized, and conducted by teachers together with the children. In socialist Hungary, by all means school celebrations had to symbolize the unity of the Hungarian people under the leadership of the Hungarian Socialist Party. This purpose was achieved with the use of in- dividual symbols, such as perhaps the most prominent red tie of the schoolchildren pioneers and the blue tie of the so-called “little drummers”. The celebrations followed a unified scenario, leaving little room for creativity in both the organization and the program. After the change of regime, public holidays celebrated in school also changed. Hereunder, the authors put forward a hypothesis that, following new research findings in pedagogy and child psychology, as well as the changes in subject didactics, a new process has been launched, intended to make school festivities national memorial days. Answers to the research questions concerning how exactly this celebration takes place, how children feel about the program, how educators convey the meaning of the historical event to the children, are the empirical matter of this paper. In the following, first an introduction of the historical memorial days as part of political culture will be presented, based on an empirical survey that is not representative but, according to the authors, attempts to demonstrate the change celebrations of national days underwent during the past decades. The research was conducted in the primary school age group, and the students’ knowledge and awareness of the historical background of a givencelebration were scrutinized. Finally, the authors propose to initiate more experiential learning opportunities related to school memorial days.

Эффективные приемы работы с публицистическим текстом в ходе подготовки учащихся к государственной итоговой аттестации по русскому языку

The article introduces the reader to the tools of axiological lingua-methodology, which allows including preparation for the state final certification in the purposeful, rich in approaches and methods process of studying Russian as a national cultural phenomenon. The aim of the study is to describe effective methods of working with the journalistic text in the 11th grade Russian lesson “Filling the future with meaning...”. The choice of theoretical and experimental methods of research is connected with the tasks of systematization and classification of tasks used in the lesson; modeling of the educational process on the basis of the modern methodical tool — linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text; estimation of actions of understanding of the publicist text. The author of article asserts efficiency of inclusion of high school students in different kinds of activity (work with dictionaries and reference books; linguistic and cultural characteristic of the publicist text; writing of the publicist text on the set parameters; expressive public utterance of the publicist text with the purpose of attraction of attention etc.) on the basis of unified scenario lesson construction. Connection of a theme of a lesson with the future professional activity of pupils provides involvement of high school students in educational process, subjective experience of the contents of the publicist text and dialogue with their authors. The novelty of the research is to describe the motivating role of the journalistic text in teaching Russian in high school. The theoretical significance of the research is to describe effective ways of activity that allow modeling educational situations in the Russian language lesson with the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text. The practical significance of the article is that the main provisions of the research can be widely applied in school practice in the context of the introduction of the Federal state educational standard of secondary General education in preparation for the state final certification. The presented tools are also adapted for distance learning.

The Strategy of the Process of Unification between South Korea and North Korea in Dissimilar Administrative and Political Theory

The strategy of idealism rather than realism is required to deliver a peaceful solution on the Korean Peninsular. It is needed to understand the dissimilar ideas, theories, and cultures in South Korea and North Korea, which have affected the social, political, and cultural situation. If North Korea wishes to attain economic growth, as a matter of fact, it is requisite to adopt the strategy of socialist market economy, such as the case of China and Vietnam. It is beneficial and effective to apply in whole or part the reform model of China and Vietnam for North Korea, which will contribute to accomplish economic growth for North Korea and to arbitrate the extreme ideological difference between South Korea and North Korea. Strategic transformation and ideological understanding on the Korean Peninsular is essentially required to avoid extremely problematic and violent situation and circumstance. Four alternative unification scenarios described by Pollack & Lee can be explained as the course of the unification between South Korea and North Korea:“(1) integration and peaceful unification; (2) collapse and absorption; (3) unification through conflict; and (4) disequilibrium and potential external intervention.” It is prerequisite to alleviate the ideological difference between South Korea and North Korea for pursuing peaceful unification and integration as the adoption of idealism.

Jets in the soft state in Cyg X-3 caused by advection of the donor magnetic field and unification with low-mass X-ray binaries

ABSTRACT The high-mass accreting binary Cyg X-3 is distinctly different from low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in having powerful radio and γ-ray emitting jets in its soft spectral state. However, the transition from the hard state to the soft one is first associated with quenching of the hard-state radio emission, as in LMXBs. The powerful soft-state jets in Cyg X-3 form, on average, ∼50 d later. We interpret the initial jet quenching as due to the hard-state vertical magnetic field quickly diffusing away in the thin disc extending to the innermost stable circular orbit in the soft state, or, if that field is produced in situ, also cessation of its generation. The subsequent formation of the powerful jets occurs due to advection of the magnetic field from the donor. We find this happens only above certain threshold accretion rate associated with appearance of magnetically driven outflows. The ∼50 d lag is of the order of the viscous time-scale in the outer disc, while the field advection is much faster. This process does not happen in LMXBs due to the magnetic fluxes available from their donors being lower than that for the wind accretion from the Wolf–Rayet donor of Cyg X-3. In our model, the vertical magnetic field in the hard state, required to form the jets both in Cyg X-3 and LMXBs, is formed in situ rather than advected from the donor. Our results provide a unified scenario of the soft and hard states in both Cyg X-3 and LMXBs.

Challenging bulk viscous unified scenarios with cosmological observations

In a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker universe, we investigate a unified cosmic fluid scenario endowed with bulk viscosity in which the coefficient of the bulk viscosity has a power law evolution. The power law in the bulk viscous coefficient is a general case in this study which naturally includes several choices as special cases. Considering such a general bulk viscous scenario, in the present work we have extracted the observational constraints using the latest cosmological datasets and examine their behaviour at the level of both background and perturbations. From the observational analyses, we find that a non-zero bulk viscous coefficient is always favored and some of the models in this series are able to weaken the current tension on $H_0$ for some dataset. However, from the Bayesian evidence analysis, $\Lambda$CDM is favored over the bulk viscous model.

Proton decay prediction from a gauge-Higgs unification scenario in five dimensions

Proton decay prediction from a gauge-Higgs unification scenario in five dimensions

Cosmic conundra explained by thermal history and primordial black holes

A universal mechanism may be responsible for several unresolved cosmic conundra. The sudden drop in the pressure of relativistic matter at W ± ∕ Z 0 decoupling, the quark–hadron transition and e + e − annihilation enhances the probability of primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the early Universe. Assuming the amplitude of the primordial curvature fluctuations is approximately scale-invariant, this implies a multi-modal PBH mass spectrum with peaks at 1 0 − 6 , 1, 30, and 1 0 6 M ⊙ . This suggests a unified PBH scenario which naturally explains the dark matter and recent microlensing observations, the LIGO/Virgo black hole mergers, the correlations in the cosmic infrared and X-ray backgrounds, and the origin of the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei at high redshift. A distinctive prediction of our model is that LIGO/Virgo should observe black hole mergers in the mass gaps between 2 and 5 M ⊙ (where no stellar remnants are expected) and above 65 M ⊙ (where pair-instability supernovae occur) and low-mass-ratios in between. Therefore the recent detection of events GW190425, GW190814 and GW190521 with these features is striking confirmation of our prediction and may indicate a primordial origin for the black holes. In this case, the exponential sensitivity of the PBH abundance to the equation of state would offer a unique probe of the QCD phase transition. The detection of PBHs would also offer a novel way to probe the existence of new particles or phase transitions with energy between 1 MeV and 1 0 10 GeV.

Reconciling dark matter, {R}_{K^{left(ast right)}} anomalies and (g \u2212 2)\u03bc in an L\u03bc \u2212 L\u03c4 scenario

We propose an anomaly free unified scenario by invocation of an extra local mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{mu }-{L}_{tau }} gauge symmetry. This scenario simultaneously resolves the {R}_{K^{left(ast right)}} anomalies, the dark matter puzzle and the long-standing discrepancy in muon’s anomalous magnetic moment. A complex scalar (η) having nonzero Lμ − Lτ charge has been introduced to break this new U(1) symmetry spontaneously. Moreover, for the purpose of studying dark matter phenomenology and {R}_{K^{left(ast right)}} anomalies in a correlated manner, we introduce an inert SU(2)L scalar doublet (Φ), a ℤ2-odd real singlet scalar (S) and a ℤ2-odd coloured fermion (χ) which transforms vectorially under the mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{mu }-{L}_{tau }} symmetry. This extra gauge symmetry provides a new gauge boson Zμτ which not only gives additional contribution to both b → sℓℓ transition and (g − 2)μ but also provides a crucial annihilation channel for dark matter candidate ρ1 of the present scenario. This ρ1 is an admixture of CP-even neutral component of Φ and S. Our analysis shows that the low mass dark matter regime ( {M}_{rho_1} ≲ 60 GeV) is still allowed by the experiments like XENON1T, LHC (via Higgs invisible branching) and Fermi-LAT, making the dark matter phenomenology drastically different from the standard Inert Doublet and the Scalar Singlet models. Furthermore, the present model is also fairly consistent with the observed branching ratio of B → Xsγ in 3σ range and is quite capable of explaining neutrino masses and mixings via Type-I seesaw mechanism if we add three right handed neutrinos in the particle spectrum. Finally, we use the latest ATLAS data of non-observation of a resonant ℓ+ℓ− signal at the 13 TeV LHC to constrain the mass-coupling plane of Zμτ.

Comment on “Korean Unification: Economic Adjustments under German Assumptions”

Comment on “Korean Unification: Economic Adjustments under German Assumptions”

Flash DSC study on the annealing behaviors of poly(l-lactide acid) crystallized in the low temperature region

We employed commercialized fast-scan chip-calorimeter (Flash DSC1) in assistant with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to investigate the annealing behaviors of poly (l-lactic acid) with dominant alfa’-crystals crystallized in the low temperature region. The results put together various annealing behaviors observed previously in different temperature regions, and suggested that continuous crystal perfection and discontinuous melting-recrystallization are competing with each other on the transition from alfa’-crystals to the more stable alfa-crystals. Both two processes fit well into the unified scenario of the conventional annealing behaviors of polymer crystals; therefore, our observations confirm that alfa’-crystals contain no intrinsic crystalline lattice difference from alfa-crystals, except for their different extents of crystal perfection resulting in the shifting of melting points. In addition, we found that fast recrystallization right after melting yields less stable crystals than those nascent crystals grown from the initial melt, confirming again the consequence of instant crystallization without enough time of crystal perfection as the extreme example in alfa’-crystals.

Dark matter from a vector field in the fundamental representation ofSU(2)L

We explore an extension to the Standard Model which incorporates a vector field in the fundamental representation of $SU(2)_L$ as the only non-standard degree of freedom. This kind of field may appear in different scenarios such as Compositness, Gauge-Higgs unification and extradimensional scenarios. We study the model in which a $Z_2$ symmetry is manifest, making the neutral CP-even component of the new vector field a vectorial dark matter candidate. We constraint the parameter space through LEP and LHC data, as well as from current dark matter searches. Additionally, comment on the implications of perturbative unitarity are presented. We find that the model is highly constrained but a small region of the parameter space can provide a viable DM candidate. On the other hand, unitarity demands an UV completion at an scale below 10 TeV. Finally we contrast our predictions on mono-jet, -$Z$, -Higgs production with the ones obtained in the inert Two Higgs Doublet Model.

Yukawa unification with four Higgs doublets in supersymmetric GUT

We discuss the Yukawa coupling unification, which can emerge in the grand unified theory, in the context of scenarios with more than one pair of Higgs doublet since the current LHC constraint has become a problem for the Yukawa unification scenarios with just one pair of Higgs doublet. More than one pair of Higgs doublets can easily arise in missing partner mechanism which solves the doublet-triplet splitting problem. In such a scenario, the Yukawa unification occurs at a medium tan⁡β value, e.g., ∼ 30, which corresponds to much smaller threshold corrections compared to usual large tan⁡β scenario for t−b−τ unification in the context of SO(10) and b−τ unification in the context of SU(5) models. Further, we show that an additional Higgs doublet pair lowers the sensitivity of the radiative symmetry breaking of the electroweak vacuum.