Unified Algorithm Research Articles

Failure to Oxygenate during Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Treatment Options and Intervention Algorithm

Membrane oxygenator failure remains a concern for perfusion teams. Successful outcomes for this low-frequency, high-risk intervention are predicated on having written institutional protocols for both the oxygenator change-out procedure as well as how often the procedure is practiced by staff perfusionists. A recent review of peer-reviewed journal articles, textbooks and online resources revealed a lack of a unified intervention algorithm for failure to oxygenate during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). While an oxygenator change-out procedure may still be considered the gold standard for a confirmed device failure, temporizing measures exist that, in select cases, can afford time to the clinical team and even obviate the need for an oxygenator change-out procedure. We now consider the venous piggyback technique sourcing blood from the venous limb of the circuit a first-line intervention to afford enhanced patient safety while the clinical team decides on required interventions when oxygenator failure presents during CPB.

Алгоритмы диагностики дилатации проксимальной грудной аорты в педиатрической практике

Aortic dilation may manifest in childhood subsequently resulting in the formation of an intramural hematoma or dissection. The asymptomatic nature of the disease and the absence of unified echocardiographic algorithms for its detection contribute to its underestimation and the inability to implement timely monitoring of patients. The purpose of this research was to develop algorithms for diagnosing dilation of various parts of the thoracic aorta in children using cardiac ultrasound - echocardiography (ECHO). Materials and methods used: a single-center cross-sectional study had been carried out on the basis of the cardiological department of the Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Department of Healthcare (Moscow, Russia): 11,516 primary ECHO protocols in patients aged 7 and up to 18 y/o, 7.5% (869) of which had records regarding aortic dilation, were identified. 572 with hemodynamically significant CHD were excluded from the study therefore the remaining 297 (76.8% (228) boys) with a median age of 14.2 (11.3; 16.4) y/o were studied for the parameters as follows: internal diameters of the aorta at the level of the sinuses of the Valsalva (SV), sinotubular junction (STJ) and ascending aorta (AAo) in systole. Aortic dilation was defined as a size exceeding 2z at any level, and an aneurysm was defined as exceeding 3z. Results: a total of 116 had a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), 181 demonstrated a tricuspid valve (TAV) without significant concomitant heart pathology (“idiopathic dilation” (IDAo)). Dilation and AAo aneurysm were more prevalent than in the SV region (73.4% v 28%, р<0.001 and 25.2% v 3.7%, р<0.001, respectively). The presence of BAV was identified as a significant risk factor, in which AAo dilation occurred more frequently than in TAV (1.96 times higher, 95% CI 1.12-3.44, p=0.017) and AAo aneurysm occurred with a 3.07 times higher frequency (95% CI 1.79-5.25 р<0.001). Conclusion: the structure of aortic pathology in children is dominated by AAo dilation. ECHO requires visualization of the entire proximal aorta, not merely the aortic valve and SV that are typically assessed in outpatient practice. Authors represent a diagnostic algorithm and methodological guidelines for assessing the condition of the aorta in children.

U-AEFA: Online and offline learning-based unified artificial electric field algorithm for real parameter optimization

Optimization problems in real-world scenarios require algorithms that effectively balance exploration and exploitation to avoid local optima and achieve global solutions. To address this, we propose a unified artificial electric field algorithm (U-AEFA) that integrates both offline learning (inspired by high-performing metaheuristic algorithms) and online learning (through historical data generated during evolution). U-AEFA introduces a unique three-layer population structure to enhance search efficiency, consisting of the best agent in the first layer, the top-performing agents in the second layer, and the remaining agents in the third layer. Key features of U-AEFA include (i) an effective Coulomb’s constant for improved exploration, (ii) a non-uniform mutation operator to mitigate premature convergence, and (iii) two acceleration coefficients for enhanced performance. These three factors constitute offline learning and have been implemented to improve different design elements of the algorithm. As part of online learning, it employs a difference vector reuse (DVR) strategy to evolve the first-layer agents. The algorithm is evaluated using the CEC 2017 test suite across multiple dimensions (10, 30, 50, 100), where it consistently outperforms seven state-of-the-art algorithms, demonstrating superior accuracy and convergence speed. Moreover, U-AEFA’s robustness is validated on 12 high-dimensional feature selection problems, further highlighting its effectiveness in solving complex optimization tasks. The source code of U-AEFA is available at

Enhancing operational performance assessment of structures with seismic response modification devices: The role of observability and symmetry analysis under limited sensor deployment

AbstractTo manage structural responses under various external forces, the increasing incorporation of seismic isolation and supplementary damping systems in modern civil engineering necessitates post‐installation performance assessments. The challenge of accurately inferring system information from these complex dynamical structures, especially with limited sensor deployment, could be significant. From the perspective of solving inverse problems, this challenge hinges on constructing an input‐output mapping that assures unique solutions, achievable through theoretical observability or symmetry analysis. We introduce a unified algorithm framework designed to accommodate various definitions of Lie derivatives, specifically for observability and symmetry analysis in dynamic systems with affine, non‐affine, and unknown inputs—capabilities not fully achieved in previous studies. We demonstrate its application across typical dynamic scenarios, including both linear and nonlinear examples. We also present a numerical example featuring complex isolation systems with limited sensor layouts, illustrating how uniform convergence can be achieved in estimating all system states when an observable input‐output mapping is utilized. Furthermore, an experimental example employing shaking table tests showcases the potential complications that arise when an unobservable input‐output mapping is used.

Maximum permissible levels of laser radiation as a tool for ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population

Introduction. Laser radiation is the youngest production factor, but not the most harmless. The rapid development of modern laser technologies and their introduction into various fields of science and technology has allowed lasers entering widely into everyday human life, as well as into the sphere of culture, fine arts, and the show industry. Thus, the development of a unified algorithm for calculating the maximum permissible levels (MPL) of laser radiation is becoming particularly relevant. The purpose of this work is to assess the subjective feelings of persons exposed to laser radiation at levels not exceeding the maximum permissible levels and clarify the methodology for calculating acceptable levels of laser radiation. Materials and methods. Graphical modelling was used to develop an algorithm for calculating the MPL. To assess the subjective perception of laser radiation, a survey of 20–25 years five hundred eighteen people was used according to a specially designed questionnaire. Results. Exposure to laser radiation at levels not exceeding the MPL caused unpleasant sensations in the eyes of the participants of the show, temporary violation of colour perception, temporary blindness, headache. An algorithm for calculating the MPL of laser radiation has been developed, consisting of six stages, which allows optimizing the computational component of laser safety assessment in the implementation of State sanitary and Epidemiological supervision and control. Limitations. The age range of the study participants is 20–25 years old. Conclusion. It is proposed to revise the standards of MPL for the population based on the temporary effects of radiation. This will minimize the negative impact on the organ of vision in terms of reversible changes and qualitatively improve the hygienic assessment of laser radiation. The developed algorithm for calculating the permissible levels of laser radiation will help minimize errors and reduce the time spent by specialists when assessing the safety of exposure to laser radiation on the body.

The effects of Gurney flap on the aerodynamic characteristics of two airfoils in non-continuum regimes

Gurney flap is a simple and effective high-lift device that has the potential to reduce the takeoff-and-landing distance for transport aircraft. It is also a good option for enhancing the airfoil cruising characteristics. However, its effectiveness in non-continuum regimes has rarely been studied. The Unified Gas Kinetic Scheme algorithm, which is valid for all flow regimes, is further developed and used to simulate the flow field around a cambered airfoil and a high-speed quadrilateral airfoil with and without the Gurney flap in the supersonic non-continuum flow regimes. The distribution function shapes at different spatial locations are provided and analyzed. The effects of angle of attack, free-stream Knudsen number, free-stream Mach number, Gurney flap height, and Gurney flap mounting angle on the aerodynamic characteristics of the two airfoils are studied. The results show that the lift and drag of the airfoil with the attached Gurney flap are increased. The pressure rise on the lower surface of the airfoil is the primary factor contributing to the increase in lift. The overall increase in drag mainly comes from the Gurney flap, which also generates a small amount of negative lift. When the angle of attack is less than the critical angle of attack, the Gurney flap can increase the lift-to-drag ratio of the airfoil and improve its aerodynamic performance. The critical angle of attack decreases with the increase in the free-stream Knudsen number and the free-stream Mach number. It decreases with increasing Gurney flap height and increases with increasing Gurney flap mounting angle.

Intentional killing as a result of violation of of the laws and customs of war in the context of ill-treatment of prisoners of war

The creative impetus for conducting scientific research on the topic of the study was a rather underdeveloped layer of activity of pre-trial investigation bodies in documenting a certain category of war crimes. At present, we are talking about violations of the laws and customs of war in the context of studying one of the forms of the objective side of a criminal offense - cruel treatment of prisoners of war combined with premeditated murder. Considering the difficult situation with the release of Azovstal’s defenders into “honorable captivity,” a decision that was made at a high state level and lasted from May 16 to 21, 2022, it should be noted that all expectations regarding the implementation of the humanitarian component in accordance with the norms of International Humanitarian Law have not been met. So far, we have received completely different consequences of the desired rescue of the military, who were actually trapped in an enemy trap. Thus, on the night of July 29, 2022, in the former Volnovakha Penal Colony No. 120, located in the village of Molodizhne of the Olenivka Village Council of the Donetsk region (temporarily occupied territory), Russian occupation forces committed a terrorist act, which, according to official data, killed 53 and wounded more than 130 prisoners of war from among the defenders of Azovstal. According to the Ombudsman Dmytro Lubinets, “This is a public execution of officially confirmed, verified Ukrainian prisoners of war who were taken prisoner. According to the Geneva Convention, they were confirmed through the verification procedure by the International Committee of the Red Cross. They were representatives of one military unit of the National Guard of Ukraine...” Unfortunately, due to the complicated and actually suspended exchange of prisoners of war by the occupation authorities, cases of murder (extrajudicial executions) and torture of our military in captivity have become more frequent. Therefore, one of the main tasks of pre-trial investigation bodies should be to tactically correctly and timely document a war crime that is rather complex in its design – violation of the laws and customs of war in the form of ill-treatment of prisoners of war, if it is combined with intentional murder. The timely and correct qualification of such an act should help improve the tactics and methods of investigation by addressing the practical challenges that arise during the pre-trial investigation. First and foremost, it is necessary to ensure clear interaction between several law enforcement agencies (the National Police of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine), whose activities overlap in the plane of jurisdiction. Law enforcement agencies should not only continue each other’s work, but also initiate pre-trial investigations with a clear understanding of the basic algorithm of coordinated actions to prevent loss of evidence with the possibility of further use of the collected evidence in the International Criminal Court. Judicial practice on this issue is currently being formed, but despite this, it is necessary to create and develop a unified algorithm of actions that should be based on the exclusive legality of the evidence obtained. The scientific research conducted in this under-researched area, reinforced by practical experience, will contribute to a deeper understanding of the issues of peculiarities of criminal law qualification and tactics of certain procedural actions during pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings on the facts of violation of the laws and customs of war, if they are combined with premeditated murder, where the form of the objective side is cruel treatment of prisoners of war. The provisions proposed in this article are intended to be recommendatory for synergy in the work of specialists of pre-trial investigation units and the prosecutor’s office in formulating an algorithm for proving the above facts.

Organization and methodology of stress testing of banking risks

The paper identifies stress testing as an important tool that helps the NBU and banking institutions effectively manage risks. The importance of stress testing is determined by the possibilities of: assessing the stability of banks, identifying vulnerable places, increasing transparency and trust, preparing for crisis situations, improving policies and procedures. It has been proven that the effective conduct of stress testing allows: to ensure the stability of the banking institution, to identify vulnerabilities, to increase transparency and trust, to prepare for crisis situations, to improve policies and procedures. It was determined that the NBU plays a key role in conducting stress testing, providing supervision of the banking system and determining general approaches to assessing the stability of banks by establishing regulatory requirements, analyzing the results of stress testing, developing policies and recommendations for banks. It is shown that the main aspects of credit risk stress testing are: assessment of the impact on the credit portfolio, analysis of financial indicators, sensitivity to risks, development of preventive measures, capital planning, systematic approach to credit risk monitoring. The banking institution uses the results of stress testing to develop a strategy and business plan, risk management policies and procedures, and business recovery plans. The methodology of stress testing of credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk of the bank book, market risk, and operational risk has been formalized, which should be carried out at least once a quarter. The purpose of stress testing and assumptions for developing stress scenarios for each type of risk are defined. Recommendations for improving the organization of the stress testing process have been developed. A set of measures to improve the mechanism of stress testing of banking activity risks is substantiated: development of unified methods and algorithms of stress testing, harmonization of national approaches with international standards, integration of stress testing into the risk management system, technological support and automation of processes, improvement of personnel qualifications.

DDBFusion: An unified image decomposition and fusion framework based on dual decomposition and Bézier curves

Existing image fusion algorithms mostly concentrate on the design of network architecture and loss functions, and using unified feature extraction strategies while neglecting the division of redundant and effective information. However, for complementary information, unified feature extractor may not appropriate. Thus, this paper presents a unified image fusion algorithm based on Bézier curves image augmentation and hierarchical decomposition, and a self-supervised learning task is constructed to learn the meaningful information. Where Bézier curves aim to simulate different image features and constructed special self-supervised learning samples, so our method does not require task specific data and can be easily trained on public natural image datasets. Meanwhile, our dual decomposition self-supervised training method can bring redundant information filtering capability to the model. During the decomposition stage, we classify and extract different features of the images and only utilize the extracted effective information in the fusion stage, and the decomposition ability of images provides a foundation for advanced visual tasks, such as image segmentation and object detection. Finally, more detailed and comprehensive fusion images are generated, and the existence of redundant information is effectively reduced. The validity of the proposed method is verified through qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple image fusion tasks, and our algorithm gets the state-of-the-art results on multiple datasets of different image fusion tasks. The code of our fusion method is available at https://github.com/Yukarizz/DDBFusion.

Testing Outlier Detection Algorithms for Identifying Early Stage Solute Clusters in Atom Probe Tomography.

Atom probe tomography (APT) is commonly used to study solute clustering and precipitation in materials. However, standard techniques used to identify and characterize clusters within atom probe data, such as the density-based spatial clustering applications with noise (DBSCAN), often underperform with respect to small clusters. This is a limitation of density-based cluster identification algorithms, due to their dependence on the parameter Nmin, an arbitrary lower limit placed on detectable cluster sizes. Therefore, this article attempts to consider the characterization of clustering in atom probe data as an outlier detection problem of which k-nearest neighbors local outlier factor and learnable unified neighborhood-based anomaly ranking algorithms were tested against a simulated dataset and compared to the standard method. The decision score output of the algorithms was then auto thresholded by the Karcher mean to remove human bias. Each of the major models tested outperforms DBSCAN for cluster sizes of <25 atoms but underperforms for sizes >30 atoms using simulated data. However, the new combined k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and DBSCAN method presented was able to perform well at all cluster sizes. The combined k-NN and seven methods are presented as a new approach to identifying clusters in APT.

On finding short reconfiguration sequences between independent sets

Token Sliding Optimization asks whether there exists a sequence of at most ℓ steps that transforms independent set S into T, where at each step a token slides to an unoccupied neighboring vertex (while maintaining independence). In Token Jumping Optimization, we are instead allowed to jump from a vertex to any unoccupied vertex. Both problems are known to be FPT when parameterized by ℓ on nowhere dense graphs. In this work, we show that both problems are FPT for parameter k+ℓ+d on d-degenerate graphs as well as for parameter |M|+ℓ+Δ on graphs having a modulator M to maximum degree Δ. We complement these results by showing that for parameter ℓ both problems become hard already on 2-degenerate graphs. Finally, we show that using such families one can obtain a unified algorithm for the standard Token Jumping problem parameterized by k on degenerate and nowhere dense graphs.

A Unified Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithm for Multicompartment Pickup and Delivery Problems

In this paper, we study the pickup and delivery problem with time windows and multiple compartments (PDPTWMC). The PDPTWMC generalizes the pickup and delivery problem with time windows to vehicles with multiple compartments. In particular, we consider three compartment-related attributes: (1) compartment capacity flexibility that allows the capacities of the compartments to be fixed or flexible, (2) item-to-compartment flexibility that specifies which items are compatible with which compartments, and (3) item-to-item compatibility that considers that incompatible items cannot be simultaneously in the same compartment. To solve the PDPTWMC, we propose an exact branch-price-and-cut algorithm in which the pricing problem is solved by means of a unified bidirectional labeling algorithm. The labeling algorithm can tackle all possible combinations of the studied compartment-related attributes of the PDPTWMC. Furthermore, we implement several acceleration techniques that allow to, among others, reduce the symmetry in the label extensions with empty compartments, the symmetry in the dominance between compartments with similar attributes, and the complexity of the algorithm with fixed compartment capacity. Finally, we introduce benchmark instances for the PDPTWMC and conduct an extensive computational campaign to test the limits of our algorithm and to derive relevant managerial insights in order to highlight the applicability of considering the studied compartment-related attributes. Funding: This work was supported by Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [Grant 439.18.459] and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant 2017-06106]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0252 .

A unified sensor and actuator fault diagnosis in digital twins for remote operations

This paper explores the development of a unified hybrid approach for sensor and actuator fault diagnosis in digital twins for remote operations. Central to this approach is the implementation of a robust adaptive Kalman filter algorithm, which forms the backbone of the proposed unified algorithm. The essence of this unified algorithm lies in its capability to effectively filter the sensor measurements. The algorithm is enriched with tuning parameters, offering flexibility in adjusting the convergence rate to suit operational requirements. Noteworthy for its robustness, our approach excels in handling uncertainties and diverse types of faults, including drift, bias, noise, and freeze fault scenarios. Through comprehensive simulation and experimental evaluations conducted on a small surface vessel, the method demonstrates remarkable proficiency in accurately identifying sensor and actuator faults. This precision enables early detection and prompt mitigation of anomalies, contributing to heightened operational resilience.

Efficient Debris-flow Simulation for Steep Terrain Erosion

Erosion simulation is a common approach used for generating and authoring mountainous terrains. While water is considered the primary erosion factor, its simulation fails to capture steep slopes near the ridges. In these low-drainage areas, erosion is often approximated with slope-reducing erosion, which yields unrealistically uniform slopes. However, geomorphology observed that another process dominates the low-drainage areas: erosion by debris flow, which is a mixture of mud and rocks triggered by strong climatic events. We propose a new method to capture the interactions between debris flow and fluvial erosion thanks to a new mathematical formulation for debris flow erosion derived from geomorphology and a unified GPU algorithm for erosion and deposition. In particular, we observe that sediment and debris deposition tend to intersect river paths, which motivates the design of a new, approximate flow routing algorithm on the GPU to estimate the water path out of these newly formed depressions. We demonstrate that debris flow carves distinct patterns in the form of erosive scars on steep slopes and cones of deposited debris competing with fluvial erosion downstream.

Attention Similarity Outlier Suppression with Hierarchical Feature Integration for Defect Segmentation

Defect segmentation holds significant importance in industrial applications. However, most existing algorithms are tailored to specific scenarios, lacking a unified defect segmentation algorithm for defect segmentation. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of defects, we aim to propose a unified transformer‐based defect segmentation algorithm. On the one hand, the defect foreground exhibits significant differences from the normal background. Nevertheless, the attention mechanism in the transformer involves all feature nodes in the feature map to the similarity score of one patch with all other patches. This approach may compromise the features of potential defect areas where the defect foreground significantly contrasts with the background. We introduce the Attention Similarity Outlier Suppression (ASOS) strategy to address this challenge. Our method is designed to select valid attention scores and filter out outlier scores for appropriate attention fusion, in which the feature of potential defect areas is not easily affected by background. On the other hand, the defect regions often have relatively small areas. We incorporate a Hierarchical Feature Integration (HFI) module in our framework to facilitate defect recognition at different scales. By progressively up‐sampling, features can achieve better integration to generate the final segmentation result. Extensive experiments have verified the effectiveness of our proposed method in defect segmentation tasks. Moreover, thorough ablation studies have demonstrated the efficacy of our algorithm, reinforcing its robust performance. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Algorithmic Approach to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Indian Perspective.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition affecting aging men, necessitating a comprehensive and evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management. This manuscript, through the summarization of the latest evidence, aims to establish a consensus among clinicians regarding optimal strategies for diagnosing and managing BPH, to improve patient care and outcomes in clinical practice. A panel of urologists conducted a comprehensive review of the literature by searching various databases and search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases). They identified relevant studies on the diagnosis and management of BPH. The literature was summarized and analyzed to develop 14 statements. The panel utilized a Delphi methodology over two rounds (R1 and R2) to reach a consensus on the statements, considering both the literature evidence and expert opinions. The expert panel reached a consensus on 14 statements addressing diverse aspects of BPH, including tailored therapies for different patient profiles and the necessity for a unified diagnosis and management algorithm to enhance patient outcomes. In conclusion, a unified approach to diagnosing and managing BPH promotes consistent and effective patient care. Proper drug selection, considering factors like efficacy and patient-specific characteristics, is crucial for managing BPH. This approach optimizes treatment outcomes and improves the quality of life for BPH patients.

A Unified and Scalable Algorithm Framework of User-Defined Temporal (k,X)-Core Query

A Unified and Scalable Algorithm Framework of User-Defined Temporal (k,X)-Core Query

Features of the procedure for assessing the ability to drive a vehicle of drivers previously deprived of their rights for driving a vehicle while intoxicated: a qualitative study

Objective: identification of significant factors influencing the decision of a psychiatrist-narcologist to allow a driver to drive a vehicle (vehicle) during a medical examination related to the restoration of the right to drive a vehicle. Materials and methods. A series of in-depth interviews with psychiatrists and narcologists was conducted to study the existing problems they face when conducting a medical examination of vehicle drivers related to the restoration of the right to drive a vehicle. Results. When conducting an examination of drivers who were previously deprived of their rights for driving a vehicle while intoxicated, psychiatrists and narcologists tend to be subjective. The degree of perceived risk from making a wrong decision based on the results of this procedure is lower in comparison with an erroneous conclusion when obtaining a certificate for a weapon. Despite the possibility of atracting additional resources when assessing the suitability of drivers, psychiatrists and narcologists tend to avoid making decisions on their own and delegate the conclusion to other specialists. The specifics of the organization of this procedure may have a negative impact on the attitude of the examinee to the doctor (the phenomenon of discrediting the status of a doctor). Conclusion. It is necessary to develop additional diagnostic criteria to the current ones, which must be met by a driver “going through” the procedure for restoring a driver’s license. This is primarily applicable in situations where the laboratory diagnostic method gives a negative result, but the patient’s condition, however, raises doubts among the specialist. There is a need to create a unified algorithm for the examination route map if additional diagnostically significant examination of the patient is necessary.

Pulmonary hemorrhage in oncologic patients – a diagnostic algorithm

The OBJECTIVE was to develop a diagnostic algorithm in oncologic patients with pulmonary hemorrhage.METHODS AND MATERIAL. A retrospective single-center study of the medical records of 258 patients who met the inclusion criteria was conducted. Inclusion criteria: age over 18 years, oncologic disease of the chest organs complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage. Inclusion criteria: age over 18 years, oncologic disease of the chest organs complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage. Exclusion criteria: age under 18 years, pulmonary hemorrhage of non-oncologic etiology. Pulmonary hemorrhage was considered to be the discharge of any volume of fresh blood or clots from the tracheobronchial tree, which was determined on the basis of anamnesis, clinical manifestations in the hospital, endoscopic examination. Routine diagnostic methods of investigation, such as chest radiography, chest computed tomography (including with contrast enhancement), fibrotracheobronchoscopy, bronchial arteriography were evaluated.RESULTS. The sensitivity for diagnosing the oncologic process in chest radiography, computed tomography, and fibrotracheobronchoscopy, was 84.7 %, 98.4 %, and 94.4 %, respectively. The sensitivity of fibrotracheobronchoscopy to detect the bleeding itself in oncologic patients reached 31.3 %, and the sensitivity of bronchial arteriography to diagnose the source of bleeding was 87.7 %.CONCLUSION. In pulmonary hemorrhage of oncologic genesis, the combination of fibrotracheobronchoscopy with computed tomography has sensitivity in 100 % of cases in determining the source and localization of the pathological process. Bronchial arteriography allows to perform endovascular hemostasis. It is necessary to conduct multicenter studies in order to develop and implement a unified algorithm assessing all etiopathogenetic features of pulmonary hemorrhage in oncologic patients.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and sociopsychological support as rehabilitation measures in patients with congenital cleft palate complicated by anomalies of other organs and systems

BACKGROUND: Prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and sociopsychological support in the early rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft palate combined with malformations of other organs and systems complement the unified algorithm of dynamic monitoring and rehabilitation treatment of these patients. Thus, predicting the choice of techniques and the system of rehabilitation prescriptions became possible. AIM: To present the experience of prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and sociopsychological support during pregnancy for the early rehabilitation of a patient with cleft palate combined with malformations of other organs and systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Multiprofile Clinical Medical Center “Bonum” in Yekaterinburg. For 24 years, from the analysis of medical records of the organizational and rehabilitation process of 2,475 patients with congenital cleft lip and/or palate receiving comprehensive care (1998–2022), 823 (33.25%) patients who had with cleft palate and malformations of other organs and systems were enrolled in this study. The discharge epicrises of the pregnancy and the timing of intrauterine ultrasound diagnostics of the fetus were studied, and the history of childbirth and anamnesis of newborns and timing of their routing and registration in the specialized “Bonum” Center were analyzed. At the time of the initial outpatient appointment at the center, parents’ responses to a survey on the nature of emotional and psychological experiences during the prenatal ultrasound examination of the fetus, period of “bearing” pregnancy, and birth of a baby with a complex anatomical and physiological pathology were analyzed. RESULTS: Ultrasound examination of the fetus during uterine development registered 292 (35.48%) of 823 cases of a combination of congenital cleft palate and anomalies of other organs and systems. The main forms of malformations in the fetus were established in the second (n=99, 33.90%) and third (n=185, 63.36%) trimester pregnancy screening. Mothers who were told about the results of ultrasound diagnostics of the fetus showed anxiety and emotional lability. The use of psychocorrectional and socially significant measures during the diagnosis of fetal pathologies and at the time deciding whether to continue pregnancy, as well as the newborn period, which relieved the psycho-emotional tension of parents, was proposed. CONCLUSION: Early rehabilitation of patients with congenital cleft palate combined with malformations of other organs and systems should be provided as an integral part of the complex rehabilitation therapy. Sociopsychological support of the family from the period of prenatal diagnosis of the fetus who had multiple malformations is necessary at all stages of pregnancy and rehabilitation treatment of the child.