Vitamins, capsaicin and capsochrome are abundant in pepper (Capsicum annuum), a fruit that is also used as a spice. During hot and rainy seasons, anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. affects pepper crops and causes significant yield losses in the pre- and post-harvest stages(Liu et al. 2016). Unidentified disease spots were discovered on peppers leaves in a field in Wei yuan (35°8'10" N, 104°12'54" E), Gansu Province, China, in September 2019. The diseases was found to have a 100% incidence in a 0.07-ha area, which drew our attention. The lesions were mostly found in the middle and upper parts of the leaves, and the symptoms mostly showed up as roughly circular patches on the leaves with dark brown, and yellowish center. 18 tissues with a diameter of 1 cm were obtained from the line between healthy and diseased portions. They were sterilized for 45 s in 1% mercuric chloride, then rinsed 5 times in sterile distilled water and dried with sterile filter paper. After 4 days of culture on a plate with a PDA media 5 strains were recovered from the treated tissue. Healthy pepper plants grown in the lab were inoculated with conidia suspension (50 mL, 107 conidia/mL) for pathogenicity while sterile distilled water was used as control. Each treatment had three duplicates. Leaves infected with the BYL strain 16 days later showed obvious symptoms, which were comparable to those found in the field. The control leaves showed no sign of disease. The pathogen was re-isolated from the infected pepper leaves and it had the same features as strain BYL. Koch's postulate was proven correct. The BYL colony started out white, then turned gray-brown with black sclerotia in the center. Conidia were hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, typically straight, with rounded ends, and ranged in size from11.754-16.477(14.587±0.139×2.833-4.220(3.348±0.037) μm. Appressoria solitary or in loose clusters, 6.910-9.078×5.386-7.119 μm in size, medium brown, smooth-walled, ellipsoidal or irregular in form, with noticeable piercing pore with dark halo. The isolate was identified as Colletotrichum species based on the morphological characteristics (Damm et al. 2014).It was then re-identified using multi-molecular analysis. To amplify and sequence of the isolates, the genes ITS, TUB2, CHS1, ACT, GAPDH and HIS3 were employed (Weir et al. 2012, Crous et al. 2004). They were deposited in GenBank (MW581857 for ITS, MW595706 for ACT, MW595707 for CHS1, MW595708 for GAPDH, MW595709 for HIS3, and MW595710 for TUB2). The sequence of ITS, ACT, CHS1, and HIS3 in GenBank were found to be 100% identical to those of Colletotrichum tabaci (JQ005763 for ITS, KM105414 for ACT, JQ005784 for CHS1 and KM105346 for HIS3). The primers GAPDH and TUB2 amplified a gene sequence that was 99% identical to Colletotrichum tabaci in GenBank (KM105559 for GAPDH and JQ005847 for TUB2). Based on appearance and sequencing analysis, the isolate was identified as Colletotrichum tabaci. The optimal light condition for BYL growth was 12 h light/12 h dark cycle, temperature 30 o C, pH 8, sucrose as carbon source, and yeast extract as nitrogen source according to the biological features. Colletotrichum tabaci caused anthracnose in peppers in the field. This is the first report of Colletotrichum tabaci causing anthracnose in peppers in China that we are aware of.