Unhealthy Patterns Research Articles

Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

BackgroundFood insecurity affects diet and nutrition intakes. We explored the relationship between food insecurity and dietary intakes in a group of Iranian women.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was performed on 190 healthy females aged 20–55 years attending primary healthcare centers in Shiraz. Food insecurity was evaluated by Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, which is a validated tool for assessing food insecurity in developing countries. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The association of dietary patterns and food insecurity was assessed by linear regression.ResultsAssessment of dietary intakes revealed that consumption of red meat, poultry, fish, dairy, fruits, non-starchy vegetables, and nuts decreased whereas that of grains, processed meats, potato, and sugary foods increased with increasing food insecurity. Among nutrients, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, calcium, and magnesium decreased while fat and sodium increased as food insecurity increased. Three major dietary patterns were detected. Healthy dietary patterns showed inverse associations with food insecurity in the crude (β = -0.422 and − 0.435, P < 0.001) and adjusted (adjusted for age, marital status, and educational level) (β = -0.475 and − 0.341, P < 0.001) models of regression analysis but unhealthy pattern did not show an association with food insecurity. Compared to food secure participants, a higher percentage of food insecure individuals indicated unhealthy eating habits, such as skipping breakfast, lower snack ingestion, more fast and fried food consumption, and using unhealthy cooking methods.ConclusionOverall, this study showed that food insecurity was associated with less healthy diet and unhealthy cooking and eating habits.

Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns of Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Women.

Depressive symptoms are a common menopausal feature in middle-aged women and are associated with dietary factors. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in 2190 Korean women aged 45-69 years. Depressive symptoms were screened using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and food intake was examined using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived from principal components analysis and identified two dietary patterns: a "healthy" dietary pattern (high intake of whole-grain rice, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and fish) and an "unhealthy" dietary pattern (high intake of noodles, dumplings, sweets, red meat, soda, and coffee). After adjusting for all confounding factors, those with the highest healthy dietary pattern scores had a 0.56-fold lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with the lowest score (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.84, p for trend = 0.006). Conversely, those with the highest unhealthy pattern scores had a 1.85-fold higher risk of depressive symptoms than that of those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.30-2.63, p for trend = 0.002). In middle-aged women, a dietary pattern of high intake of fiber-rich whole-grain rice, fruits, vegetables, and legumes may help prevent and manage depressive symptoms.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for a case of addiction with personality disorder (clinical case study)

The problem of drug abuse and addiction is one of the most complex problems that affects all countries worldwide, due to the serious damage it can cause to various health, psychological, social, economic and security aspects. All countries strive to fight it by any means necessary. The World Health Organization defines addiction as the compulsive desire to continue using or obtaining a substance by any means, with a tendency to increase the dose taken. This addiction causes psychological and physical dependence and a detrimental effect on both individuals and society. This complicates the treatment project process, especially if the patient/addict suffers from psychological and/or mental disorders associated with addiction. In particular, personality disorders have a direct impact on the behaviors, performance, functions and thinking patterns of the sufferer. As the latter adopts an unhealthy and rigid pattern that causes them and those around them to suffer several psychological, health, social, professional and relational problems... Relatedly, we decided to present a clinical case with a dual diagnosis, as this patient has been suffering from the consequences of addiction for many years accompanied by a personality disorder. As for the clinical symptoms that top the clinical board of the case, we find a complete aversion to his body as he has not looked in the mirror for nearly 30 years. The patient has lost the symbolic representation of his body as a physical reality through which it is located internally, externally and cognitively. This comes in addition to severe clinical suffering at the level of familial, social and professional relationships, which made him live in a state of permanent social isolation. In our therapeutic approach to the condition, we use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a common type of psychotherapy in a regular manner, through a limited number of therapeutic sessions. The therapeutic intervention was carried out at the level of perception of incorrect or negative thinking, which enabled difficult situations to be presented more clearly and responded to in a more effective manner. Keywords: addiction, personality disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy.

Patterns of unhealthy lifestyle and their associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese young adults: A latent class analysis

BackgroundThere is little evidence on the association between patterns of unhealthy lifestyle and mental health among young adults. MethodThis study included a total of 28,978 young adults aged 18 to 44 years old in Guangdong province in south China, which was conducted from September to December in 2022. We used latent class analysis to classify the patterns of unhealthy lifestyle among young adults and used multiple logistic regression to explore their associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms. ResultThe weighted prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were 28.0 % and 19.5 %, respectively. The cumulative effect of unhealthy lifestyles on depressive and anxiety symptoms was significant. Five patterns of unhealthy lifestyle were classified. Compared to the relatively healthy lifestyle class, the class with more unhealthy lifestyles (OR = 6.54, 95 % CI: 5.70–7.51) and insufficient sleep (OR = 6.16, 95 % CI: 4.92–7.70) had higher risk for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Meaningfully, having adequate mental health literacy could reduce the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms from unhealthy lifestyle by half. LimitationsThe cross-section design study limited causal inferences, and the self-report information may lead to recall bias. ConclusionsUnhealthy lifestyles have a negative impact on depressive and anxiety symptoms through independent, cumulative and combined effects, and they could be interrelated. Unhealthy lifestyle patterns differed in younger population by socio-demographic characteristics and mental health literacy. Health-care professionals and policymakers may provide programs to intervene multiple unhealthy lifestyles and improve mental health literacy by integrating healthy lifestyle education to promote youngers' mental health.

Trajectories of lifestyle patterns from 2 to 8 years of age and cardiometabolic risk in children: the GUSTO study

BackgroundTracking combinations of lifestyle behaviours during childhood (“lifestyle pattern trajectories”) can identify subgroups of children that might benefit from lifestyle interventions aiming to improve health outcomes later in life. However, studies on the critical transition period from early to middle childhood are limited. We aimed to describe lifestyle patterns trajectories in children from 2 to 8 years of age and evaluated their associations with cardiometabolic risk markers at age 8 years in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.MethodsTwelve lifestyle behaviours related to child’s diet, physical activity, screen use, and sleep were ascertained using questionnaires at ages 2, 5, and 8 years. Age-specific lifestyle patterns were derived using principal component analysis and trajectories were determined using group-based multi-trajectory modelling. Child cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed at age 8 years, and associations with trajectories examined using multiple regression, adjusted for confounders.ResultsAmong 546 children, two lifestyle patterns “healthy” and “unhealthy” were observed at ages 2, 5, and 8 years separately. Three trajectory groups from 2 to 8 years were identified: consistently healthy (11%), consistently unhealthy (18%), and mixed pattern (71%). Children in the consistently unhealthy group (vs. mixed pattern) had increased odds of pre-hypertension (OR = 2.96 [95% CI 1.18–7.41]) and higher levels of diastolic blood pressure (β = 1.91 [0.27–3.55] mmHg), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β = 0.43 [0.13–0.74]), triglycerides (β = 0.11 [0.00-0.22] mmol/L), and metabolic syndrome score (β = 0.85 [0.20–1.49]), but not with BMI z-score or any anthropometric measurements. The consistently healthy group showed no differences in cardiometabolic outcomes compared to the mixed pattern group.ConclusionThree distinct lifestyle pattern trajectories were identified from early to middle childhood. Children in the consistently unhealthy lifestyle group did not have a raised BMI but was associated with several elevated cardiometabolic risk markers. These findings suggest the potential benefits of initiating holistic lifestyle interventions to improve children’s health and well-being from an early age.Trial registrationTrial registration number: NCT01174875. Name of registry: ClinicalTrials.gov. URL of registry: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174875. Date of registration: August 4, 2010. Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: June 2009.

Sleep patterns, genetic predisposition, and risk of chronic liver disease: A prospective study of 408,560 UK Biobank participants

BackgroundLittle is known about the role that combined sleep behaviors play in the association with chronic liver disease (CLD) risk. MethodsWe included 408,560 participants initially free of CLD from the UK Biobank. A healthy sleep pattern was defined by early chronotype, sleep duration of 7–8 h/day, no insomnia, no snoring, and no excessive daytime sleepiness. Cox regression models were used to examine the association of healthy sleep pattern with incident CLD and their interaction with PNPLA3 genetic risk. ResultsDuring a median 12.5 years of follow-up, we documented 10,915 incident all-cause CLD cases, including 388 viral hepatitis, 4782 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 1356 cirrhosis, 973 alcoholic liver disease, and 725 liver cancer cases. Compared to participants with a healthy sleep score of 0–1, the hazard ratio (HR) (95 % confidence interval [CI]) for those with a sleep score of 5 was 0.54 (0.49, 0.60) for CLD, 0.52 (0.30, 0.90) for viral hepatitis, 0.47 (0.41, 0.55) for NAFLD, 0.57 (0.43, 0.75) for cirrhosis, 0.32 (0.23, 0.44) for alcoholic liver disease, and 0.53 (0.37, 0.77) for liver cancer. Healthy sleep pattern and PNPLA3 genetic risk exerted significant additive effects on CLD risk (relative excess risk due to the interaction: 0.05; attributable proportion due to the interaction: 13 %). LimitationsMeasurement error was unavoidable for self-reported data on sleep behaviors. ConclusionsOur analyses provide evidence that healthy sleep pattern was inversely associated with the development of CLD, and participants with higher genetic risk were more likely to develop CLD when exposed to the unhealthy sleep pattern.

Dietary patterns of children living in slums and their associated factors: a cross-sectional study, 2019-2022.

To identify dietary patterns and analyze factors associated with the consumption profile of socially vulnerable children, Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil, August 2019 to December 2021. This was a cross-sectional study; sociodemographic, anthropometric and food consumption variables were collected, factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns; associations were analyzed using Poisson regression. Among the 567 children studied, two dietary patterns were identified, healthy and unhealthy; age ≥ 24 months (PR = 2.75; 95%CI 1.83;4.14), male gender (PR = 0.66; 95%CI 0.49;0.87) and maternal schooling ≤ 9 years (PR = 0.61; 95%CI 0.46;0.81) was higher in the healthy pattern; the unhealthy pattern was associated with age ≥ 24 months (PR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.01;1.03) and male gender (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.08;1.98). The healthy pattern was more frequent in children aged ≥ 24 months, less frequent in male children and mothers with low level of schooling; children aged ≥ 24 months and males showed a higher prevalence of the unhealthy pattern. Two dietary patterns were defined, healthy and "unhealthy", which were associated with male gender, age ≥ 24 months and maternal schooling ≤ 9 years of study. The study data can assist health professionals dedicated to primary healthcare services, such as nutritionists, in planning interventions to promote healthy eating habits aimed at children. Prospective studies with these populations are necessary to assess the causality of the associations found in this study, aiming to plan more effective public health actions.

Association of Sleep Duration with Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among American Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

To examine potential factors affecting sleep duration and explore its association with the risk of mortality among adults in the United States. The study population consisted of adults aged 26 to 79 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2016. Sleep duration was classified into three categories: short (<7 hours), optimal (7-8 hours), and long (≥9 hours). The associations between sleep duration and both all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality (including heart disease, tumors, cerebrovascular disease, and others) were examined in the overall population and subgroups using weighted Cox regression models. Dose-response associations between sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality were explored using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses. Additionally, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate potential factors that influence sleep duration in adults. The study included a total of 24,141 subjects, with a population-weighted mean age of 48.93 years. Over 30% of the subjects exhibited unhealthy sleep habits. Fully adjusted models revealed that both short sleep duration (HR=1.169, 95% CI 1.027-1.331) and long sleep duration (HR=1.286, 95% CI 1.08-1.531), were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. The RCS curves showed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses showed a significant association between poor sleep patterns and all-cause mortality among adults aged 26-64 years, males, and non-Hispanic whites. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression identified several predictors associated with short and long sleep durations. Both short and long sleep duration are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, with a U-shaped dose-response relationship. It is imperative to implement appropriate primary prevention strategies aimed at monitoring and providing health education to populations at risk of developing unhealthy sleep patterns.

The incidence of heart attacks among young individuals in Mosul City.

Rapid socioeconomic progress has greatly affected the world, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased. The growing burden of CVDs has become a major public health issue. The study aimed to identify the main risk factors that lead to the contribution of heart attacks among young people in Mosul City, Iraq. The study was dependent on achieving the objectives through a descriptive study design that was performed in the emergency medical wards of three teaching hospitals in Mosul City, Iraq. The sample was the convenience of patients who were admitted to the emergency department and who had signs and symptoms of heart attacks during the period of data collection starting from November 1, 2022, until April 1, 2023. The participants were 247 cases recorded during that period, and their ages ranged between 20 and 45 years. The tool used in this study from the World Health Organization (WHO) is related to risk factors for CVDs and consists of eleven items. Approximately seventy percent of the study sample was male, 68.4% were less than 39 years, and 35.6% of them were diagnosed with heart diseases (angina and myocardial infarction) that require hospitalization, and there are several risk factors in the study sample, the most prominent of which were physical inactivity (88.6%), following unhealthy diet patterns (87.5%) and hypertension (69.3%). The study concluded that the risky health factors that contribute to the occurrence of heart attacks among young people in this study are hypertension, high blood cholesterol, unhealthy diet, heavy smoking, stress, family history, alcohol drinking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus (DB).

The URGENSI KEPAMONGPRAJAAN DALAM PREVENSI MUNCULNYA PATOLOGI BIROKRASI

&#x0D; The important role of bureaucratic culture in shaping leadership mindset and character is in line with the reduction in the number of bureaucratic pathologies that occur in Indonesia. Corruption practices appear to be a major contributor to the construction of bureaucratic pathology which is long-lasting, because in principle bureaucratic pathology arises as a result of an unhealthy bureaucratic culture which is characterized by long hierarchical chains, bureaucratic specialization and formalization as well as non-linear bureaucratic performance which has an impact on bureaucratic patterns. which is paternalistic, wasteful and loses money, budgeting that is not on target, a procedural system that tends to be complicated, and biased exercise of authority. Referring to the first element that builds a corrupt bureaucratic culture, namely "intention or motive" or mens rea, improvement actions focus on controlling human resources. Transformation of unhealthy bureaucratic patterns and systems can actually be realized through a mental revolution movement and the character of human resources or bureaucrats. Civil service education and training can be a solution in optimizing the mental revolution movement through character building and basic government ethics as well as developing competencies and skills. This research was conducted to find out and understand how big the urgency of civil service or civil service education is in preventing bureaucratic pathology. Based on research results, civil service or civil service education can be an effective solution in forming the character and mentality of prospective bureaucrats. This is shown by the pattern of education and teaching from an early age on how a prospective leader understands and appreciates his duties and responsibilities as a public servant through character education, mental revolution education, substantial deepening of bureaucratic ethics and government materials.

Association between sleep pattern and incidence of hypertension: A prospective cohort study of older adult participants in the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey

BackgroundThe relationship between sleep duration or sleep quality and the risk of hypertension has been previously examined. However, little is known regarding the association between sleep duration and quality and the risk of developing hypertension in the older adult Chinese population. MethodsThe sleep patterns of 5683 participants without hypertension at baseline from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the associations between sleep patterns and hypertension. ResultsIt was found that 1712 (30.12%) of the 5683 participants had an unhealthy sleep pattern. After an average follow-up of 3.31 years, 1350 of the participants had hypertension. Compared with participants with an unhealthy sleep pattern, those with a healthy sleep pattern had a 20% (hazard ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–0.94, P = = 0.008) lower risk of incident hypertension in the fully adjusted models. In addition, an approximately linear dose-response association was observed between sleep duration and the incidence of hypertension (P for non-linear =0.43). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant interactions between age and sleep pattern concerning hypertension (P for interaction <0.05). Several sensitivity analyses were conducted, and the obtained findings were similar to the main results. ConclusionsA healthy sleep pattern, comprising an adequate sleep duration and good sleep quality, can help reduce hypertension risk. Thus, a healthy sleep pattern is crucial to decreasing hypertension in older Chinese adults in a rapidly aging society.

Interplay of sleep patterns and oxidative balance score on total cardiovascular disease risk: Insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018.

Unhealthy lifestyle and diet may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but limited evidence exists regarding the association between sleep patterns, oxidative stress-related exposures to diet and lifestyle, and CVD risk. We analysed data from 10 212 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2005-2018). Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data on sleep duration, sleepiness, and trouble sleeping, classified into three categories: healthy, intermediate, and poor sleep patterns. Healthy sleep was defined as sleeping seven to nine hours per night with no self-reported sleepiness or trouble sleeping, while intermediate and poor sleep patterns indicated one and two to three sleep problems, respectively. The oxidative balance score (OBS) was calculated based on twenty oxidative stress-related exposures to dietary and lifestyle factors, with a higher score indicating greater antioxidant exposure. Survey-based multivariable-adjusted regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of sleep patterns or OBS alone and combined with the total and specific CVD risk. Participants with poor sleep patterns had a higher likelihood of developing CVD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-2.45, P < 0.05), while an inverse association was found between OBS and CVD risk (quartile (Q) 4 vs Q1: OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47-0.94, P = 0.02, P for trend <0.05). There was an interaction between sleep patterns and OBS (P for interaction = 0.03). Participants with unhealthy (intermediate and poor) sleep patterns and pro-oxidant OBS (Q1 and Q2) were significantly associated with increased risk of total CVD (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.42-3.74, P < 0.05), as well as angina and congestive heart failure, but not coronary heart disease (CHD). Stratified analysis showed that among individuals without hyperlipidaemia, participants with both unhealthy sleep patterns and pro-oxidant OBS exhibited a higher risk of CHD compared to those with healthy sleep patterns and antioxidative OBS. Unhealthy sleep patterns and reduced oxidative balance are positively associated with an increased risk of overall and specific CVD. Interventions that target healthy sleep habits and antioxidant-rich diets and lifestyles may be important for reducing the risk of CVD.

Association of remnant cholesterol with CVD incidence: a general population cohort study in Southwest China

BackgroundEmerging evidence has indicated that remnant cholesterol (RC) could predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Nevertheless, the relationship between RC and CVD risk, especially within the general Chinese population, remains scarce.ObjectiveThe present research aimed to assess whether RC concentrations and CVD outcomes in general Chinese adults are related.MethodsThe Cox proportional hazard model was established to explore the relationship between RC and the outcomes of CVD and CVD subgroups. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was utilized to investigate the dose–response connection between RC and the risk of CVD outcomes, and the ROC curve was used to calculate the corresponding cutoff values. Moreover, stratified analysis was conducted to investigate the potential effect modification in the association between RC and CVD outcomes.ResultsSignificant positive associations were found between elevated categorical RC and increased risk of CVD (HR Q4, 1.80; 95% CI 1.15–2.79; P-value = 0.008), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (HR Q4, 2.00; 95% CI 1.22–3.27; P-value = 0.007), stroke (HR Q4, 1.66; 95% CI 1.02–2.69; P-value = 0.040), and ischemic stroke (HR Q4, 1.87, 95% CI 1.08–3.25; P-value = 0.034), respectively. Our study suggested that the incidence of CVD outcomes increased when RC levels were above 0.75 mmol/L. Importantly, the CVD risks related to RC were more likely to be those found in subjects aged above 60 years, women, subjects with BMI &amp;lt;24 kg/m2, and subjects with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns.ConclusionsAberrant high level of RC is associated with elevated CVD risk, independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Our data reveal urgent primary prevention for subjects with high RC levels to a low incidence of CVD, especially for the elderly, women, and those with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns.

Clustering of lifestyle behaviours and analysis of their associations with MAFLD: a cross-sectional study of 196,515 individuals in China

BackgroundThe aggregation of lifestyle behaviours and their association with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remain unclear. We identified lifestyle patterns and investigated their association with the risk of developing MAFLD in a sample of Chinese adults who underwent annual physical examinations.MethodsAnnual physical examination data of Chinese adults from January 2016 to December 2020 were used in this study. We created a scoring system for lifestyle items combining a statistical method (multivariate analysis of variance) and clinical expertise (Delphi method). Subsequently, principal component analysis and two-step cluster analysis were implemented to derive the lifestyle patterns of men and women. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the prevalence risk of MAFLD among lifestyle patterns stratified by sex.ResultsA total of 196,515 subjects were included in the analysis. Based on the defined lifestyle scoring system, nine and four lifestyle patterns were identified for men and women, respectively, which included “healthy or unhealthy” patterns and mixed patterns containing a combination of healthy and risky lifestyle behaviours. This study showed that subjects with an unhealthy or mixed pattern had a significantly higher risk of developing MAFLD than subjects with a relatively healthy pattern, especially among men.ConclusionsClusters of unfavourable behaviours are more prominent in men than in women. Lifestyle patterns, as important factors influencing the development of MAFLD, show significant sex differences in the risk of MAFLD. There is a strong need for future research to develop targeted MAFLD interventions based on the identified behavioural clusters by sex stratification.

Analysis of the Outbreak of the Cold War and Its Impact on Armed Conflict

The Cold War has always been a historical stage that has attracted much attention. This historical stage has profoundly affected todays international situation and peoples perception of great power competition. The Cold War lasted for nearly forty-four years. During this nearly half a century, the US and the Soviet Union used almost all means of confrontation except direct armed conflict to achieve the effect of suppressing each other. By analyzing past historical events and cases for example, this paper mainly discusses the causes of the Cold War and how it prevent armed conflict from becoming two topics of widespread concern, and it concludes that the outbreak of the Cold War was related to the anarchy among the great powers, and also related to the differences in economic systems between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The Cold War prevented nuclear war but intensified conventional war to some extent. This paper aims to tell people that the Cold War is not an ideal state of the international community, all countries should learn lessons from the Cold War to avoid the recurrence of this unhealthy international pattern.

Prevalence of Personality Disorders among Males and Females between the Ages of 15 and 65 in Yazd in 2017

Background: Personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning, and behaving may be seen. A person with a personality disorder has trouble perceiving and relating to situations and people. Limited research has been done on the prevalence of personality disorders in Iran. This study aims at investigating the prevalence of personality disorders among males and females between the ages 15 and 65 in Yazd, Iran.&#x0D; Methods: The dataset for this cross-sectional study was extracted from a dataset of a national survey conducted on personality disorders of Iranians. The contents relevant to Yazd City were included here with a sample of 1827 people. Among the participants, 852 males and 975 females answered the personality disorders questionnaire (MILON).&#x0D; Results: Findings indicated that except histrionic and narcissistic patterns, the high rate of the rest of patterns was greater among females, which indicated that in most cases females significantly suffered higher clinical-related personality disorders. Moreover, personality disorders were more prevalent among females (29.8) compared to males (24.3).&#x0D; Conclusion: This area requires extensive investigation. More evidence is needed regarding the differential impact of personality disorders regarding men and women in other areas of Iran.

A Radar-Based Opioid Overdose Detection Device for Public Restrooms: Design, Development, and Evaluation Study.

The opioid epidemic is a growing crisis worldwide. While many interventions have been put in place to try to protect people from opioid overdoses, they typically rely on the person to take initiative in protecting themselves, requiring forethought, preparation, and action. Respiratory depression or arrest is the mechanism by which opioid overdoses become fatal, but it can be reversed with the timely administration of naloxone. In this study, we described the development and validation of an opioid overdose detection radar (ODR), specifically designed for use in public restroom stalls. In-laboratory testing was conducted to validate the noncontact, privacy-preserving device against a respiration belt and to determine the accuracy and reliability of the device. We used an ODR system with a high-frequency pulsed coherent radar sensor and a Raspberry Pi (Raspberry Pi Ltd), combining advanced technology with a compact and cost-effective setup to monitor respiration and detect opioid overdoses. To determine the optimal position for the ODR within the confined space of a restroom stall, iterative testing was conducted, considering the radar's bounded capture area and the limitations imposed by the stall's dimensions and layout. By adjusting the orientation of the ODR, we were able to identify the most effective placement where the device reliably tracked respiration in a number of expected positions. Experiments used a mock restroom stall setup that adhered to building code regulations, creating a controlled environment while maintaining the authenticity of a public restroom stall. By simulating different body positions commonly associated with opioid overdoses, the ODR's ability to accurately track respiration in various scenarios was assessed. To determine the accuracy of the ODR, testing was performed using a respiration belt as a reference. The radar measurements were compared with those obtained from the belt in experiments where participants were seated upright and slumped over. The results demonstrated favorable agreement between the radar and belt measurements, with an overall mean error in respiration cycle duration of 0.0072 (SD 0.54) seconds for all recorded respiration cycles (N=204). During the simulated overdose experiments where participants were slumped over, the ODR successfully tracked respiration with a mean period difference of 0.0091 (SD 0.62) seconds compared with the reference data. The findings suggest that the ODR has the potential to detect significant deviations in respiration patterns that may indicate an opioid overdose event. The success of the ODR in these experiments indicates the device should be further developed and implemented to enhance safety and emergency response measures in public restrooms. However, additional validation is required for unhealthy opioid-influenced respiratory patterns to guarantee the ODR's effectiveness in real-world overdose situations.

Individual mental health patterns and the role of lifestyle among ageing adults over 20 years - the Doetinchem Cohort Study

ObjectiveWe explored the prevalence of individual mental health patterns and the role of lifestyle factors over 20 years. Study designWe used data from the Doetinchem Cohort Study (1995–2019), a population-based study amongst adults (26–90 years) examined every five years in the Netherlands. Participants were classified in five pre-defined mental health patterns (persistent good, persistent poor, worsening, improving, varying) over 20 years (five rounds) using the MHI-5 questionnaire. BMI, sleep, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were dichotomised as healthy/unhealthy based on guidelines. The role of lifestyle at baseline (t1), 20 years later (t5), and longitudinally over 20 years (using pre-defined patterns) was explored using logistic regression. ResultsMost participants had good mental health at t1 (85 %) and t5 (88 %). Over 20 years, 67 % followed a persistent good mental health pattern, 30 % a changing pattern, and 3 % a persistent poor pattern. Persistent poor and changing patterns were associated with unhealthy sleep and smoking at t1, t5, and with the 20-year unhealthy patterns. Persistent poor mental health was associated with stable unhealthy and changing sleep (OR=5.58(2.48–12.54) and OR=2.07(1.14–3.74), respectively), and with stable unhealthy and changing smoking (OR=3.35(1.58–7.11) and OR=2.53(1.40–4.57), respectively). Changing mental health was associated with changing (OR=1.54(1.26–1.88) and OR=1.64(1.30–2.07), respectively) and stable unhealthy (OR=1.80(1.23–2.64) and OR=2.24(1.60–3.14), respectively) sleep and smoking, respectively. ConclusionsPersistent good and changing mental health patterns were more common than poor mental health in adults and were associated with smoking and sleep. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms and directionality between mental health and lifestyle could improve interventions.

Deep learning technique for patients healthcare monitoring using IoT body based body sensors and edge servers

Architectural, cognitive, and service layers are the three components that come together to form the system as a whole. The data that is acquired by the instruments at the application layer is processed by the system that is in charge of the network. The conceptual layer, which is where edge sensors are put, is responsible for managing radio resource management and intersensor connections in order to solve the issues raised by the physical layer about increasing power consumption and increased latency. In response to the processed data provided by the logical layer, the application layer will make judgements. The key objective is to lower prices so that they are more accessible to regular people. Patients will not only be able to maintain their financial stability, but they will also have easy access to private therapy. This research presents a solution based on the Internet of Things (IoT), which will simplify the usage of a generally complicated medical device while allowing you to do it at a reasonable cost and in the comfort of your own home. The Elephant Herding Optimizations using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) method is discussed here in order to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy patterns of behavior. The scoring function, also known as fuzzy logic, is used in order to arrive at a conclusion on the severity of the irregularity. In the end, tests were carried out to see how well the recommended work fared in contrast to the existing approaches in terms of specificity, recall, f1-score, and ROC curve. These metrics were examined.

Unhealthy food pattern, physical activity, and the incidence of diabetes mellitus among adults with central obesity

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is increasing. A significant risk factor for developing DM is central obesity. Lifestyles, including diet and physical activity, strongly influence the high prevalence of DM and obesity. The study aimed to analyze the association between unhealthy food consumption and physical activity among adults with central obesity in Indonesia. This study used secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 with a cross-sectional design. The subjects in this study were adults (≥ 19 years old) with central obesity. A total of 7493 subjects were included in the analysis. Food intake data were taken using a validated FFQ, and physical activity using the GPAQ questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Frequent consumption of sweet foods (p=0,001, OR=1,235), sweetened beverages (p=0,042, OR=1,157), carbonated drinks (p=0,001, OR=1,324), instant noodles (p&lt;0,001, OR=1,845), salty foods (p&lt;0,001, OR=1,669), seasoning (p&lt;0,001, OR=1,514), processed meats (p=0,009, OR=1,199), fatty foods (p&lt;0,001, OR=1,687), and grilled foods (p&lt;0,001, OR=1,243) were positively associated with the incidence of DM among adults with central obesity after adjusted with confounding variables. Low physical activity increased the incidence of DM among adults with central obesity in the unadjusted model (p=1,161, OR=1,161). In conclusion, there is a relationship between the consumption of unhealthy foods and physical activity with the incidence of DM in Indonesian adults with central obesity.