Feelings Of Unhappiness Research Articles

Gender differences in exposure and vulnerability to psychosocial and behavioral factors of suicide attempt among Korean adolescents.

This study examined gender differences in suicide attempts and their association with exposure and vulnerability to psychosocial, behavioral, and structural factors among Korean adolescents. Data of 74854 adolescents, taken from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of differential exposure to psychosocial, behavioral, and structural factors for gender differences of suicidal attempt. Gender differences were observed in the degree of exposure to the various factors. Females were more likely to report psychosocial problems, whereas males were more likely to report experience of smoking and drinking alcohol and to engage in vigorous physical activity. Stress and unhappiness were significantly associated with suicide attempts in both males and females, and gender differences in these variables were nonsignificant. Depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts, and this relationship was significantly stronger for males. The effects of cigarette smoking and risky drinking were significantly stronger in females. Greater exposure to perceived stress, feelings of unhappiness, depression, and higher vulnerability of smoking and heavy drinking accounted for higher suicide attempts of female adolescents. Higher exposure to health-related behaviors and greater vulnerability to depressive symptoms in male were also noted. In conclusion, differences in exposure and vulnerability to psychosocial and behavioral factors may partly explain gender differences in suicide attempts among Korean adolescents.

Исследовaние проблемы счaстья в рaзличных нaпрaвлениях психологии

This paper analyze the happiness phenomenon in different areas of psychology. The author describes the peculiarities of happiness understanding, its sources and determinants of experiencing happiness. Happiness as a pleasure, determines the specificity of regulation of libido energy entity disclosed in the psychoanalytic direction. Happiness as a self-development, provided by a desire for excellence and a sense of community in the individual psychology. Happiness as the peak of experiences associated with spirituality and responsibility in humanistic psychology. Happiness as a general life satisfaction, as the social well-being in behavioral and cognitive psychology.These studies of happiness represent an important role in the aspects of their appliance. The dependence of happiness on personal traits such as extroversion, sense of control, self-esteem and optimism, the ability to cooperate, openness to new experience, a positive sense of humor, the ability to build a comfortable relationship with the other, and plan for the future consciously. There was revealed the impact of wealth and money to happiness, which allowed to establish their significance mainly in countries with a low level of material security. The gender aspect emphasize the preference to money over men rather women. Women are more concerned with interpersonal relationships. Happiness is closely connected with the work, activity that contributes into self-realization and enjoying the process. Activities related to the short time period, stimulates the feeling of unhappiness. There is also an evidence that the highest value of happiness (the results of a longitudinal study) is warm relationships (family, friends, and society), the quality and stability of them, which are sources of better physical and mental health, longevity and, in the end, the subjective well-being. Analyzing the differences, the author reveals the sources and factors that stimulate feelings of happiness and poses the problem of a more integrated approach to the understanding of happiness. In connection with this, a differentiated approach to the study of the phenomenon of happiness as a substantial component of human life requires study both the structure and the relationship with the instrumental parameters providing a measure of wellbeing experience. Key words: happiness, pleasure, self-development, excellence, community, spirituality, responsibility, satisfaction, social well-being, the peak-experience.

Was Brexit Caused by the Unhappy and the Old?

On 23 June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union (so-called 'Brexit'). This paper uses newly released information, from the Understanding Society data set, to examine the characteristics of individuals who were for and against Brexit. Two key findings emerge. First, unhappy feelings contributed to Brexit. However, contrary to commonly heard views, the key channel of influence was not through general dissatisfaction with life. It was through a person's narrow feelings about his or her own financial situation. Second, despite some commentators' guesses, Brexit was not caused by old people. Only the very young were substantially pro-Remain.

Modeling Depression with Genetic Modified Animals

Globally, depression is a leading psychiatric disorder with limited neurobiological knowledge. It affects around 20% of population from the view of lifetime population prevalence [1]. Symptoms of depression include depressed mood, dysregulated sleep or appetite, lack of energy and concentration, feelings of unhappiness, no value or guilt, and thoughts of suicide. Depression has caused a significant public health burden.

Generic and Homophobic Bullying in School Context

ObjetivoTendo em conta a reduzida literatura sobre o bullying homofóbico em Portugal, os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever a sua prevalência, comparativamente ao bullying genérico, na perspetiva das vítimas; comparar as diferenças de género e compreender a relação entre o bullying homofóbico e os sentimentos de infelicidade e humilhação e a denúncia por parte das vítimas.MétodoParticiparam 171 (7º ano), 160 (8º) e 156 (9º) alunos (52.0% feminino e 48.0% masculino), entre os 11 e os 17 anos, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de autorrelato em formato digital, avaliando-se: género, vitimação, sentimentos infelicidade/humilhação e denúncia.ResultadosUm total de 33.0% dos alunos foram vítimas de bullying genérico, maioritariamente no 8º ano. Rapazes e raparigas registaram índices de vitimação semelhantes. Quanto ao bullying homofóbico, a prevalência aumentou do 7º para o 9º ano e os rapazes apresentaram maior frequência de vitimação comparativamente às raparigas, havendo diferenças estatisticamente significativas no 9º ano. À medida que as situações de vitimação homofóbica aumentam, maior foi o sentimento de infelicidade e humilhação nas vítimas e maior a denúncia.ConclusãoEstes dados reforçam a necessidade de ações e programas de prevenção nas escolas, enquadrados numa perspetiva sistémica, privilegiando a intervenção dos observadores de situações de bullying.

Attitudes of Indonesian Mothers Toward Food Advertising Directed to Children

Advertising directed toward children is a controversial issue with growing concerns from parents around the world, including emerging markets such as Indonesia. The reasons for its negative effects include that such advertising could lead to materialism, parent–child conflict, and feelings of unhappiness. In particular, advertising by food companies is a target for criticism due to concerns about unhealthy food and childhood obesity. This article reports on the findings of a number of focus groups of Indonesian mothers to obtain an indication of the mothers’ ethical judgment toward such advertising. The results identify reasons why the mothers found particular advertisements to be unethical and ways advertisements can improve their message. From the responses, some important issues are raised that would be of interest to international advertisers.

Factors affecting unhappiness at school among Japanese adolescents: an epidemiological study.

BackgroundUnhappiness at school is one of the main reasons for truancy among adolescents. In order to assess this problem more thoroughly in the context of Japanese adolescents, the present study examined the associations between feelings of unhappiness at school and lifestyle habits, school life realities, and mental health status.MethodThis study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. A self-administered questionnaire was provided to students enrolled in randomly selected junior and senior high schools throughout Japan. We calculated the percentages of both junior and senior high school students who felt unhappy at school based on factors related to school life, lifestyle habits, and mental health status. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed in order to examine the associations between those factors and students' feelings of unhappiness at school.ResultsA total of 98,867 valid responses were analysed, 7.9% (Boys: 8.4%, Girls: 7.4%) of which came from students who responded that they felt unhappy at school. For both junior and senior high school students, the percentages of those who felt unhappy at school were significantly higher among those who had not yet decided on their future life course, who did not participate in extracurricular activities, did not eat breakfast every day, went to bed late, had used tobacco or alcohol in the previous 30 days, and had poor mental health compared with others. The results of multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that the adjusted odds ratios for feeling unhappy at school with regard to the above-mentioned factors were significantly high for both junior and senior high school students.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that school employees and administrators must provide health guidance to students, considering that irregular lifestyle habits, lower school engagement, smoking, drinking alcohol, and poor mental health status are all associated with maladaptation to school among adolescents.

Autism in children and correlates in Lebanon: a pilot case-control study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder typically appearing before the age of three. The exact cause of autism remains uncertain, and several factors may be involved in its onset: genetic factors and possible environmental factors. The aim of this study was to assess the correlates of autism in the Lebanese population. We investigated the association of autism with several factors in 86 autism cases from specialized schools for children with developmental disabilities and 172 control children from regular public schools in the same regions. Several risk factors for autism were investigated after comparison with a cohort control on parental age, sex, maternal unhappy feeling during pregnancy, consanguineous marriage, and province of residence. The Chi-square test was used to compare nominal variables, and Fisher exact test was used in case expected values within cells were inferior to five. For quantitative variables, we used t-test to compare means between two groups, after checking their distribution normality. For multivariate analysis, we used a forward stepwise likelihood ratio logistic regression. We observed male predominance (79.1%) among autistic infants. There was a significant association between autism and older parents age (OR=1.27), male sex (OR=3.38), unhappy maternal feeling during pregnancy (OR=5.77), living close to industry (OR=6.58), previous childhood infection (OR=8.85), but none concerning maternal age, paternal age and consanguinity. In this pilot epidemiological study of autism in Lebanon, we found several prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism that could be modified.

Chaucerian Obscenity in the Court of Public Opinion

Chaucerian Obscenity in the Court of Public Opinion

Sounds to soothe the soul: music and bereavement in a traditional South Korean death ritual

In South Korea today, following the death of a loved one, a small minority of people still choose to employ the services of a mudang (Korean ‘shaman’) to conduct a ritual known as ‘Ogu Kut’. In this lengthy ritual, the mudang summons the deceased's spirit into the ritual space, expresses the latter's feelings of unhappiness through song, dance, and the spoken word, and encourages the bereaved to express their own grievances within symbolic psychodrama. Once the emotional ties between the bereaved and the deceased have been loosened, prayers for protection are offered to various deities, and the mudang guides the spirit towards the Buddhist paradise. Finally, the deceased's earthly possessions are cremated and the bereaved are left better able to move on in their lives. Through analysis of ethnographic data and interviews with mudang, this article explores the various roles that music plays within the context of Ogu Kut, focusing mainly on the East coast region, where enclaves of traditional folk belief remain prevalent and where ritualists place strong emphasis on cultivating musical skills. In particular, this paper investigates how the ritualists' music helps in the expression of diverse emotions relating to loss, within both meditative and cathartic episodes.

Female Genital Mutilation: Awareness And Attitude Of Nursing And Midwifery Students In Afikpo, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the awareness and attitude of female Nursing and Midwifery students in Afikpo, Southeastern Nigeria towards female genital mutilation (FGM). METHOD; Information was obtained from 269 students of Schools of Nursing and Midwifery, Afikpo on their on their age, marital status, feelings about their circumcision status, problems associated with circumcision, who carried out the procedure and the accruedbenefitsfrom the procedure and attitude towards female genital mutilaton through a semi-structured questionnaire administered by researchers. RESULT; Out of the 269 respondents whose questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the respondents was 25.3 with 87.4% belonging to the 15-29 years range. The prevalence rate of FGM in the study group was 54.3%, while 82.9% of the uncircumcised group were happy about their status, 49.3% of the circumcised group expressed happiness over their status. For the circumcised group, 41.7% expressed feeling of unhappiness and only 5.7% of the uncircumcised group expressed unhappiness. The feeling expressed by the 2 groups is statistically significant (X 2 = 41.98; p< 0.005). Most of the respondents were aware of the complications of FGM with 86.2%, 83.35 and 75.85 identifying bleeding, transmission of HIV and painful coitus as complications respectively. Fifty one point 3 percent (51.3%) were of the view that FM curtails promiscuity, 7.5% of the circumcised group reported sexual difficulty as a complication of circumcision. All the respondents were of the legislation banning FGM and would not want their daughters circumcised. CONCLUSION: There is need to further raise the awareness of FGM and its associated harmful effects among women through health education and women socio-economic empowerment.

Melancholia: A movie review

Melancholia, a drama written and directed by Lars von Trier, starring Kirsten Dunst, Charolette Gainsbourg, and Keifer Sutherland, is a film that embraces depression and the environmental stressors that contribute to it. The two main protagonists, Justine and Claire, highlight two different manifestations of depression. The film is divided into two parts. The first part of the film introduces the characters and focuses on Justine's wedding and her personality. She is a young woman experiencing feelings of unhappiness, loneliness, and sadness. Justine tries to drown her depression behind an outrageously expensive wedding. Although she attempts to suppress her emotions, it just isn't enough. Her depressive feelings begin to overwhelm her, leading to an unsuccessful wedding day.The second part of the film presents Justine in a severe state of depression; however, the focus of the story now turns to Claire, Justine's sister. In a turn of events, Melancholia becomes the name of a planet hiding behind the Sun. Scientists believed Melancholia would hit the Earth during its course and destroy the human race. Here is where the movie transcends itself. Melancholia is linked to both of the characters' lives, in the sense that both of them see the apocalypse and the inevitable completely differently. From Claire's perspective, the news about Melancholia's course serves as a constant reminder how death will approach her and her family, causing her to feel both anxious and depressed. On the contrary, for Justine, this had been the moment she was waiting for…the moment she would be vindicated from her depression. She feels she will finally be able to connect with the planet she is living in; something she was unable to accomplish before learning of this event.From an outside perspective, this movie depicts how depression can present differently and provides the viewer with a closer look at this mental illness. For Claire, the fact that death was approaching awakened a sense of anxiety and feelings of futility. For Justine, death was the only way she would be cured of her emptiness, and she calmly welcomed the end of humanity. This movie reminds us that death will take each one of us at some point in our lives. While most of us do not want to know the time of our death, some of us will undoubtedly know (e.g., terminal cancer). Some will welcome it with open arms, while others will shudder at its touch. How would you react if you knew the date and time of your death?

Depressive feelings, feelings of unhappiness, and subsequent psychological wellbeing among workers

A depressive state and feelings of unhappiness in daily life are regarded as indispensable factors for the diagnosis of major depression. These factors are also speculated to contribute to subsequent psychological wellbeing. A total of 3190 men, aged 33 to 59 years, from a workplace in Japan participated in this one-year prospective study conducted from 2007 to 2008; 3141 men completed both evaluations (98.5%). The prevalences of depressive states and feelings of unhappiness were evaluated using a questionnaire. After one year, psychological wellbeing was evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12-item version. Analysis of variance and a logistic regression analysis were used for the analysis. The prevalence of no depressive feelings and no feelings of unhappiness among the workers were 73.5% among men in their 30s, 76.9% among men in their 40s, and 83.2% among men in their 50s. The mean GHQ score among participants with or without of depressive feelings and feelings of unhappiness was significantly higher than that among participants who had no depressive feelings and no feelings of unhappiness (control group). In contrast, the mean GHQ score among the participants in their 50s who had only depressive feelings did not differ from that in the control group of participants in their 50s according to a multivariate analysis. Compared with depressive feelings, feelings of unhappiness were a stronger contributing factor to psychological wellbeing as measured using the GHQ questionnaire, especially among subjects in their 50s, in a one-year follow-up study.

Antidepressants and Alternative Approaches to Helping Children and Adolescents Struggling With Depression

This article develops the thesis that feelings of unhappiness and depression are an inherent and unavoidable part of being alive. Depression should not necessarily be seen as a medical illness or as a type of mental illness. Of course, frequently occurring feelings of depression that create distress and dysfunction should be properly evaluated before developing potentially effective interventions. Mainstream perspectives offered by the National Institute of Mental Health and alternative perspectives on both the nature of depression and ways of supporting individuals struggling with depression are offered in this article. Antidepressants are now the most widely prescribed drugs in the United States. Critical reviews of the value of antidepressants have found them lacking both in terms of efficacy and safety. Effective and safe interventions should be based on accurate assessments of what is contributing to disabling and recurrent feelings of depression. Appropriate evaluation of sleep patterns, exercise, nutrition, stress factors, cognitive factors, medical illnesses, and so on, need to be conducted as a foundation for developing appropriate interventions. Any effective intervention needs to be based on the well-established medical dictum, “first, do no harm.”

Crash

Crash Speer Morgan The differences between generations-the Lost Generation, the Silent Generation, the Baby Boomers, Generations X, Y and Z (where do we go next?)-is a popular subject full of questionable simplifications. Sweeping statements about age groups in different eras are at best elusive, due to both sudden changes in history and the diversity at any given time among locales, classes, ethnicities and personalities. Lately one of the often discussed issues concerning the Millennial Generation is whether they suffer from hyperparenting, with their perennially in-touch parents not giving them enough freedom to develop independence. They need to actually be allowed to make a few mistakes, the argument goes, in order to be inoculated against what to avoid. Listening to my students, however, I don't worry that they won't have enough difficulties to face or enough mistakes in their lives. I worry more about their getting jobs when they finish school. And frankly, I admire the poise they are able to muster against the struggles of young adulthood, whether it comes from talking to their parents on cell phones (and quite often actually liking them) or from a more typical youthful insouciance toward parents and futures. It doesn't require a cynic to realize that even if they are wonderfully fortunate, they will all sooner or later be tinctured by the accidents of circumstance. [End Page 5] Gail Sheehy in Predictable Crises of Adulthood uses the lobster as metaphor to describe adult life stages: each new phase requires shedding an old protective shell, going through a period of vulnerability before developing a new covering to replace the old. She begins with the Trying Twenties, when a person can be buffeted back and forth between the "safe" and the exploratory, between shoulds and wants and between the ties of family and independence. This issue is full of characters in some phase or another of life's buffetings. Becky Haynes's protagonist in "The Year of Perfect Happiness" is a twenty-something actively trying to dodge life's vexations. Indeed, he hopes to avoid any feelings of unhappiness for a full year. At first he has some success; then he travels back home to live with his parents, where perfect happiness somehow becomes a little more difficult to nail down. One of the jobs of both philosophy and literature is to exercise and question one's beliefs through imagination and empathy. As Lear, Hamlet, Humbert Humbert and the talented Mr. Ripley all vividly demonstrate, that doesn't come only from the good examples. Whether he is cynical, irresponsible, destructive or an amalgam of bad characteristics, the antihero can do a wonderful job of scattering the pieces on the table, allowing us to better understand the puzzle and find our own order. In Wade Ostrowski's story "I Think You Think I'm Still Funny," his protagonist Carl turns out to be fortunate when an irresponsible old moocher friend, Leif, comes back to shake up his overly careful life. Nathan Hogan's first published story, "The Church at Yavi," demonstrates the sad truth that wisdom doesn't necessarily accompany age. A long-divorced couple journey to the site in Argentina where their daughter may or may not have died in a motorcycle accident. It is a story of how avoidance and the failure to adjust to life's traumas can keep one forever lost in the past. In Devin Murphy's "The Linkage of Bone," a utility company lineman has a high-voltage shock that nearly kills him. The aftereffects of near death on him and his girlfriend are frightening as the fragile order of their lives shatters and she falls into a state of manic destructiveness. M. C. Armstrong's essay "Between the Sailor and the Sail: The Faith of Ken Kesey" describes the effect of their son's death in a bus accident on the lives of Ken and Faye Kesey, who turned the most terrible kind of crash in a parent's life into a campaign of action, however imperfect its outcome. In her essay "Days and Nights with MS: The Witness Complains," Sharon Solwitz allows herself to do something that even the wise person sometimes...

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL FEELING ABOUT PREGNANCY AND CHILD'S LIFESTYLE

The number of children with undesirable lifestyles has recently increased. We tested the hypothesis that maternal feelings about pregnancy might be associated with their attitude towards promoting healthy lifestyles in their children. We used a city database collected from guardians of 204 randomly selected children aged 1 to 3 years in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima. Maternal feeling about pregnancy was measured using a 10-point scale, and a child lifestyle score was calculated as the sum of desirable lifestyle habits (sleeping, eating, watching TV/videos, and tooth brushing). Associations between maternal feeling and her child's lifestyles were examined with multiple logistic regression analysis. For all lifestyle items, proportion of children with undesirable lifestyle habits was higher in the "unhappy group" (those who scored 1 to 9) than in the "happy group" (those who scored 10). In particular, a child's short sleeping hours (odds ratio [OR]=3.01) and lifestyle score of less than 3 ([OR] =3.60) were significantly associated with unhappy feelings. This was apparent among mothers aged 29 (median age) or younger. Our results indicate an association between a mother's unhappy feelings about pregnancy and her child's undesirable lifestyle, especially among relatively younger mothers. These findings provide public health implications important for early familial intervention to improve children's lifestyles.

Lifestyle determinants of depressive feeling and a feeling of unhappiness among workers: A study in Japan

Lifestyle determinants of depressive state and a feeling of unhappiness in daily life were evaluated among the workers in Japan by adjusting obesity and age. A total of 3630 men aged 34 to 60 years from a workplace in Japan participated in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2006. The prevalence of depressive state and a feeling of unhappiness were evaluated by a questionnaire with questions pertaining to the age, body mass index, and six lifestyle factors. The six lifestyle factors were frequency of exercise and alcohol intake per week, smoking habit, hours of sleep per day, and frequency of eating breakfast and snack per week. The associations between depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness and the lifestyle factors were tested by logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of depressive state and a feeling of unhappiness among the workers was 8.1% and 20.3%, respectively. The prevalence of workers who sleep at least for 6 hours on average, exercise regularly and eat breakfast everyday increased as the age of the workers increased. Depressive state and a feeling of unhappiness were significantly associated with age and a reduced duration of sleep even after adjustment for the other variables. No significant associations were found between the other lifestyle factors examined and depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness. Depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness were significantly associated with a reduced duration of sleep among the workers. Aging was a preventative factor of depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness. The effect of obesity was adjusted in this study, but the cause-effect relation between lifestyles and depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness should be clarified by the follow-up study.

Exploring the Components of Career Well-Being and the Emotions Associated with Significant Career Experiences

This study aimed to identify the main features of career well-being and the emotions people experience as they navigate their careers. Data from 89 individuals working in various occupations suggested seven features of career well-being involving the following: career transitions, interpersonal relationships, relationship with the organization, work performance, sense of purpose, learning and development, and work—life issues. Fifteen positive and 24 negative emotions were reported, and several career experiences were associated with wide-ranging emotions. Moving to a new role was particularly likely to involve a mixture of positive and negative emotions. Participants frequently gave examples of interpersonal difficulties as negative career experiences, and these sometimes led to profound feelings of unhappiness and worthlessness. Implications for career counseling and career management are discussed.

Suicidal process, suicidal communication and psychosocial situation of young suicide attempters in a rural Vietnamese community

The study aimed to explore the suicidal process, suicidal communication and psychosocial situation of young suicide attempters in a rural community in Hanoi, Vietnam. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, in a community setting, with 19 suicide attempters aged 15-24 who had been consecutively hospitalized in an intensive care unit. In 12 of 19 cases, the first pressing, distinct and constant suicidal thoughts appeared less than one day before the suicide attempt in question. However, distress and mild, fleeting suicidal thoughts had been present up to six months before the suicide attempt in 16 cases. Five respondents had a suicide plan one to three days before attempting suicide. Altogether, 13 engaged in some form of suicidal communication before their attempt. This communication was, however, difficult for outsiders to interpret. Twelve of the respondents were victims of regular physical abuse and 16 had suffered psychological violence for at least one year before attempting suicide. Eighteen of the respondents used pesticides or raticides in their suicide attempts. None sought advice or consultation in the community despite long-standing psychosocial problems. The strategy of reducing the availability of suicide means (e.g., pesticides or raticides) in Asian countries should be complemented with a long-term suicide-preventive strategy that targets school dropouts and domestic violence, and promotes coping abilities and communication about psychological and social problems as well as recognition of signs of distress and suicidal communication.

Blood Lead Levels and Reported Mood Symptoms Among Russian Boys

ISEE-419 Objective: We assessed the associations between blood lead levels with self-reported mood symptoms in the Russian city, Chapaevsk, where concerns exist regarding contamination by dioxins and metals, including lead. Material and Methods: Our study sample included 489 boys aged 8 to 9 years enrolled 2003 to 2005 in a prospective study evaluating associations between environmental exposures and sexual maturation. The boys’ initial study visit included a physical examination, blood sampling, family medical history, and a nurse-administered mood questionnaire. The 5 mood questions assessed current feelings of unhappiness, self-hatred, loneliness, inferiority, or incompetence with possible responses not true, sometimes, or true (coded 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The blood samples were analyzed for lead by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption. The association of each mood question with loge-transformed blood lead levels was assessed using ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for parental education and household income. The association of the summary score (sum over the 5 mood questions, higher scores indicate more symptoms) with loge-transformed blood lead levels was assessed using a general linear regression model, adjusting for parental education and household income. Results: The median (25th, 75th percentile) blood lead levels were 3 μg/dL (2–5 μg/dL). The median (25th, 75th percentile) summary mood score was 7 (6–9), with 16% of the boys having scores ≥10. Blood lead levels were significantly associated with more negative symptoms for 3 (unhappiness, self-hatred, inferiority) of the 5 mood questions. There was also a significant association between blood lead levels and higher summary mood scores, with a 1 unit increase in log blood lead associated with an increase of 1.6 points (95% CI: 1.2–2.2) in the mood score. Conclusions: In this cohort of Russian boys, higher blood lead levels were associated with more mood symptoms. Future follow-up of these boys may elucidate the chronicity of this association.