Unfavorable Financial Situation Research Articles

Controversies Over Non-Conventional Instruments of Financing Budget Needs Of Local Government Units

Local government units resort to external repayable sources of financing their own activity, mainly those connected with investments, when the financial sources they have at their disposal are insufficient. However, owing to an unfavorable financial situation, some of them lose their creditworthiness because their debts exceed the legal limit. In such a situation, they decide to use the so-called unconventional instruments, which, although they provide certain long-term benefits, in a longer time perspective lead to negative consequences, connected mainly with diminished financial liquidity and the necessity to bear inflated costs of debt service. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons for using unconventional instruments of financing budget needs by decision-makers, as well as their specific character and economic effects, particularly as regards the financial stability and security of LGUs, the transparency of local finances and the related hazards. The achievement of this aim required analysis of the literature devoted to the subject, reports of controlling institutions and statistical data regarding the debt level of LGUs.

Incidence of postpartum mood disorders depending on selected risk factors – a logistic regression model

The aim of the study was to assess the severity of mood disorders in women in the first and sixth week postpartum and to determine the incidence of baby blues depending on selected risk factors. Material and methods. 285 postpartum women were enrolled in the study. The research project was divided into two stages (first and sixth week postpartum). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the severity of mood disorders. The indicator of the presence of disorders was set at ≥ 12 points on the 30-point EPDS scale. In order to determine the impact of selected independent variables on the dichotomous dependent variable (baby blues), a logistic regression model was used based on the formula. Results. In the first week postpartum, baby blues was found in 23.2% of the postpartum women. The risk for postnatal depression after six weeks postpartum was determined in 17.3% of the women. The odds ratio for baby blues correlated with: unfavorable financial situation of the women (OR=2.56), a family history of mental disorders (OR=3.87), and dissatisfaction with medical care received during childbirth (OR=5.24). Conclusions Cases of baby blues were determined in every fourth woman from the sample group. The risk for postnatal depression was found in 17.3% of women after six weeks postpartum. The odds ratio for baby blues was affected by the following statistically significant factors: unfavorable financial situation of the women, genetic predispositions and dissatisfaction with perinatal medical care.

Mood disorders after childbirth

The most frequent mood disorder to appear after childbirth is baby blues syndrome. The assessment of mood disorder intensification in women, one week after childbirth, as well as determining whether or not there is a connection between chosen sociodemographic variables and occurrence of postpartum blues. 285 women took part in the study. The study was conducted, on average, on the third day after childbirth. The research was conducted with the use of a diagnostic survey, and the main research tool was the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale which was used to assess the occurrence of the risk of mood disorders after childbirth. A score of 12 or more on a 30-point scale was an indicator of mood disorders. 23.2% of women obtained a score of 12 or more points on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The average level of mood disorders was significantly higher in single women. A correlation between an unfavourable financial situation and the occurrence of postpartum blues in women was found. No significant difference was found in the occurrence of mood disorders in respect of age, education, professional activity, and place of residence. In first week after childbirth, every fourth woman was at risk for the occurrence of postpartum blues. Single women and those in an unfavourable financial situation experienced postpartum blues more frequently.

LIFECOURSE ANALYSIS OF MANUAL OCCUPATIONS AND RISK OF PROSTATE CANCER IN MONTREAL, CANADA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

IntroductionCancer risk factors accumulate over time or affect the body at specific moments of development. Our lifecourse approach identified occupational exposures and social determinants of health associated with the risk...