Unfavorable Epidemiological Situation Research Articles

Abdominal Pain as First Manifestation of New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19

Aim . A clinical case description of abdominal pain as the first manifestation of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Key points . A 80-yo patient was admitted to a surgical unit with growing epigastric pain and fever. Acute abdomen was diagnosed negative, chest computed tomography (CT) revealed two-sided ground-glass opacity, discharged. Hospitalised in a severe condition with presumed new coronavirus infection at the Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Sechenov University. COVID-19 agent RNA was detected with PCR. Diagnosis: new coronavirus infection COVID-19, severe degree, community-acquired bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, severe degree, respiratory failure type 1. Therapy with azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, enoxaparin subcutaneously. Respiratory distress increased on day 7 at the clinic, with 50–75% lesion in chest CT, which required ordering of dexamethasone intravenously, with a subsequent dose reduction and withdrawal, and levofloxacin. Upon the treatment, abdominal pain was eliminated, body temperature normalised and the volume of affected parenchyma decreased. The patient was discharged for outpatient care. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 may have abdominal complaints that may require exclusion of an acute surgical pathology. These circumstances inevitably waste time of assisting patients suffering the new coronavirus infection and worsen the prognosis due to severe pneumonia. Conclusion . A gastroenterological debut of the new coronavirus infection with the main symptoms of abdominal pain has been presented. The currently continued unfavourable epidemiological situation demands diagnosis for SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19-associated pneumonia upon the exclusion of peritoneal symptoms even in absence of respiratory complaints.

Ischemic heart disease among the population of working age in Kyiv region: statistical analysis of the modern epidemiological situation

Annotation. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the main causes of high mortality, disability and a decrease in the quality of life of the working-age population (WAP) in Ukraine. Aim of the work: to determine the modern features of mortality, disability, prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease in the working-age population of the Kyiv region. The analysis of the epidemiology of IHD in the Kyiv region was carried out in dynamics for 2010–2019 and compared to Ukraine. The statistical data of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, and the Kyiv Regional Center for Medical Statistics on mortality, disability, prevalence and incidence of IHD in the working-age population of the Kyiv region were analyzed with the medical-statistical method. It has been established that IHD is a significant cause of the loss of labor potential in the Kyiv region. IHD accounts for every fourth (25.0%) death in the working age, and the regional level of working-age population mortality from IHD is the highest in Ukraine. In the Kyiv region working-age population dies from ischemic heart disease 1.5–1.7 times, and from myocardial infarction – 1.7–1.9 times more often than the average in Ukraine. Regional levels of incidence IHD among working-age population exceed similar indicators in Ukraine by 1.2 times, the incidence of myocardial infarction – 1.5 times, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease – 1.7 times. Identified unfavorable dynamic trends in mortality and prevalence of IHD among the working-age population of the Kyiv region. The mortality rate from IHD among working-age population increased in the Kyiv region in 2019 compared to 2010, by 7.9%. The prevalence of IHD increased during 2010–2018 by 14.4%, and the primary incidence of myocardial infarction – by 14.9%. The unfavorable epidemiological situation with IHD among working-age population in the Kyiv region necessitates improving the system for the prevention and the organization of medical care for patients with IHD in this region.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Educational Work of Kindergarten Teachers

The purpose of this paper is to consider the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the educational process from the perspective of kindergarten teachers. There is not enough research on the effects that the pandemic has caused in educational work with young children. The paper aims at better understanding of the realization of educational work during the state of emergency in Serbia, which came as a consequence of the unfavorable epidemiological situation. Teachers, children and parents are recognized in the paper as key determinants of educational quality. The results of the assessment of the attitudes of 168 teachers in Serbia on important aspects of the educational process during the state of emergency were statistically processed. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were made that show a sufficient degree of adaptability of teachers to the new situation as well as a significant role of teachers as factors of stability of educational work. The results emphasize a high degree of positive attitudes when it comes to cooperation between teachers and parents. The results show that there is a lot of room for improving the quality of educational work at a distance.

Transformation of processes of external labor migration during the spread of the COVID-19 infection

The article deals with the impact of external labor migration on the balance of the labor market in the Russian Federation. The main emphasis is placed on the need to monitor the migration situation and taking timely "migration" measures by the Government of the Russian Federation based on its results. The migration component is presented in strategic planning documents and correlated with the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. At this moment, against the background of the current unfavorable epidemiological situation caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the Government of the Russian Federation is taking a number of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including those in the field of migration. The article analyzes the current measures preventing departure of labor migrants staying in the Russian Federation and other categories of foreign citizens who have arrived for the purposes other than work in the "shadow sector" of the labor market. It shows the present state of external labor migration by analyzing statistical and informational data, as well as possible risks in the implementation of social and labor relations. Sectors of the economy have been identified that may experience a shortage of labor resources as a result of the implementation of measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. Dependence of the sphere of external labor migration on macroeconomic, international and political factors is stated. Particular attention in the article is paid to the institute of highly qualified specialists (HQS). The need was expressed to improve the procedure for attracting foreign citizens to work on the territory of the Russian Federation as HQS, to set additional criteria for their selection, to introduce an advance payment of income tax on HQS and to increase employers' liability for violation of the established procedure in this area, including the need to diversify control mechanisms for employers who attract foreign citizens as highly qualified specialists.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ КОНЪЮНКТУРЫ РЫНКА ТРУДА В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The article analyzes the current processes on the global labor market in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Changing demographic proportions, the pension reform, migration processes, intensive development of production technologies, automation, the use of artificial intelligence all these factors are undoubtedly transforming the labor market environment. The content of occupation is changing, structural changes in the economy lead to the dropping-out of a number of specialties and the emergence of new ones, which did not exist before. To match the supply of labor resources to the modern requirements of the economy, new competencies of workers as well as continuous training or retraining are required. Educational institutions have to adapt to the new requirements of the labor market environment to meet the needs of the labor market for qualified specialists with relevant knowledge and skills. Major changes in the labor market amid the spread of the new coronavirus infection have affected most countries of the world economy, including Russia. A long period of restrictions in most industries is reflected in the economic indicators of enterprises, development opportunities, and the number of required workers. The situation with the pandemic clearly demonstrates how unstable the modern labor market is; how events that occur in one country in the world are capable of undermining the whole balance, even in fairly stable and durable economic systems. The article analyzes the situation on the labor market of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main problems of the region in this direction are highlighted. The analysis of the situation in the registered labor market showed that in 8 months of 2020 the number of officially registered unemployed increased 5 times, the level of registered unemployment increased 5.5 times, tension in the labor market increased 3 times. In the context of a worsening economic situation caused by an unfavorable epidemiological situation, the situation with the employment of citizens has become more complicated. The analysis showed that for several years the employment rate remained stable at 70%, and by September 2020 it was 17.4%. Currently, the labor market in Russia experiences the consequences of the economic crisis caused by the unfavorable epidemiological situation. The crisis is changing the forms of employment, which is becoming remote, non-standard, online professions appear. The structure of labor demand is changing. Labor resources will be rebuilt or replenish the modern labor market. In these conditions, the role of the state is growing significantly and there is no doubt in the need of the development of the anti-crisis plan for the labor market’s regulation.

Precarisation of Labour as a Growing Form of Employment of Young Specialists in the Context of the Сovid-19 Pandemic

The Сovid-19 pandemic has catalysed the inevitable digitalisation of communications and rapidly changed the organisation and technologies of professional activities of millions of employees worldwide. The growth of unemployment, the transition of professional groups to remote work (wherever possible) due to the need for isolation to minimise the spread of COVID-19 in 2020 led to radical changes in the labour market. Studying the processes of precariation can facilitate the search for responses to new challenges related to deregulation of labour relations. We are interested in examining the participation of youth in these processes. Young population is receptive to social innovation and has excellent competencies in the field of information technology. An analysis of professional trajectories of university graduates (employed in the Ural region and beyond) helps identify whether precarious employment in the labour market can be successful, and determine the characteristics of social groups involved. We used the monitoring of university graduates conducted in 2017–2019 based on survey and administrative data. To process the data, we applied the methods of classification and expert evaluations. The analysis showed that 34.4% of university graduates belong to the precariat, with only 8.8 % being unemployed. Young freelancers and IT-professionals are successfully employed, satisfied with their jobs and high salaries, demonstrating high rates of employment in their specialty. The results can be applied for balancing precarious work; its best practices, accumulated by freelancers and IT-professionals, can be used as a social tool for regulating labour relations in an unfavourable epidemiological situation.

The Activities of Local Government Bodies to Improve the Sanitary Condition of Cities in Western Siberia (Late XIX — Early XX Centuries)

The activities of local authorities in the sanitary improvement of cities in the West Siberian region are characterized in the article. The author analyzes the sanitary regulations of the self-government bodies addressed to the urban population, identifies their common and distinctive features. Attention is focused on the problem of compliance with the instructions issued by the authorities by the owners of factories, plants, trade shops, public baths, hairdressers and other institutions of urban infrastructure, as well as ordinary citizens. Methods of punishment for violation of the accepted sanitary rules and the effectiveness of their application are considered. The conclusion is made about the intensification of the work of urban self-government bodies in ensuring sanitary order, which was caused by an increase in the rates of economic development of cities, an increase in their population, an acceleration of migration processes and, as a consequence, an unfavorable epidemiological situation, an expansion of the residential area due to the chaotic development of urban outskirts, pollution of water supply sources, the emergence of unauthorized household waste dumps. It is emphasized that the need to solve the problems of sanitary improvement forces the city authorities to seek support from caring citizens, to establish interaction with them, which brings first positive results, contributes to the development of private initiative in improving the sanitary condition of the city economy and residential yards of ordinary inhabitants.

Institutional Regulation of the Healthcare System in the Context of Spreading COVID-19 in the Russian Federation

The modern era of globalization creates specific socio-ecological conditions for the existence of the world human community, which, in turn, determine the singularity of the epidemiological behaviour of many infectious diseases. The year 2020 has challenged the humanity with a pandemic that is rapidly spreading around the world. Global relationships are fraught with global epidemiological problems. Such manifestations of globalization as intensified international migration of population, roaring international trade in agricultural products, domestic and wild animals and birds, food, raw materials and goods, development of high-speed transport, turn the world into a single global socio-ecological epidemiological system, in which all processes are interconnected and mutually dependent. The purpose of this research is to study and analyse the system of institutional regulation of the health system in the context of a pandemic. The study used such methods as the analysis method, analogies, comparisons, observations, as well as statistical methods to analyse various indicators necessary for research. Using the above methods, a large amount of literature, legislation, regulatory and institutional regulations on this issue was analysed, some existing indicators were summarized, and a conclusion was made about the process of institutional regulation in an unfavourable epidemiological situation. As a result of the study based on a large number of official documents, it was concluded that measures were taken in the Russian Federation to counteract the active spread of a new coronavirus infection. Implementation of the state policy on preventing the spread of the pandemic resulted in no high mortality rate from new coronavirus infection compared to other world states. It should be noted that due to the federal structure of the country, the heads of regions independently decide on the regulation of mechanisms to counter the spread of infection on the territory of the subject. In this regard, it is not possible to promptly update information on the effectiveness of the measures taken. Currently, the risk-based approach described in the article is a mechanism for studying the epidemiological situation, which allows determining the risk factors that affect it and, on this basis, to rank epidemiological problems by their degree of importance. Due to the fact that the pandemic as a new virus was an unexpected risk, the clinical picture remains blurred, but the institutional form of state regulation is fused to protect the rights of citizens to health care under conditions of the pandemic.

REMOTE INTERACTION WITH THE JUDICIARY IN A PANDEMIC: OPPORTUNITIES AND PERSPECTIVES

The article is devoted to the problem of implementing forms of remote interaction with the judicial system. The article also considers the possibility of functioning of the judicial system in the current unfavourable epidemiological situation and quarantine measures being carried out in the country. The author analyzes the problems and prospects of remote interaction of the court with the participants in the process, as well as the problems of their application in conditions of insufficient legal regulation. There are 3 main forms of remote interaction with courts: submission of documents, which is more focused on professional participants in the process; familiarization with the materials of the case, which is implemented electronically only in the arbitration process and only in cases considered in summary proceedings; remote participation in the consideration of a case, which at the moment is practically not implemented due to the lack of proper legal regulation. A comparative analysis of foreign judicial practice and legal norms governing remote interaction with judicial authorities with the established practice of the judicial system of the Russian Federation was carried out. In conclusion, the author concluded the study.

The 6th International Scientific Conference Creativity as a National Element: the Role of Individuality in the Framework of Creative Activities in the 21st Century

From June, 30 to July, 2 2020 the 6th International Scientific Conference Creativity as a National Element: the Role of Individuality in the Framework of Creative Activities in the 21st Century took place in a novel on-line format. The event was organized by the Faculty of Humanities of the St. Petersburg State University of Economics in cooperation with the Department of Philosophy of MGIMO University, the Russian Philosophical Society and the Society of Russian Philosophy at the Ukrainian Philosophy Foundation. Researchers from Voronezh, Orel, Samara, Cheboksary, Chelyabinsk, Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as from Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine took part in the sessions. Those were: Psychological and Pedagogical Aspects of Creative Activity in Modern Educational Space, The Semantic Element of Artistic and Aesthetic Creativity, Metaphysical Foundations of the Creative Process. A range of papers and presentations were dedicated to various aspects of creativity in connection to modern issues of authority and society, information and transculturalism, legal consciousness and language, among which one should highlight those presented by MGIMO University scholars. Both the prognostic character of the topics in discussion and its format proved urgent and suitable amid the unfavorable epidemiological situation with its unpredicted effects.

Psychological and psychiatric aspects of unusual living conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

The article examines the psychological and psychiatric aspects of unusual living conditions caused by the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. The features of the formation of psychopathological disorders in the population during an unfavorable epidemiological situation are analyzed. Five periods of their development are identified, which were characterized by their specific features depending on the influence of various factors (patterns of development of the infectious process, the nature of its information support, organizational measures taken, etc.). In the study of the psychological and pathopsychological characteristics of the response under conditions of an unfavorable epidemiological situation, it was established that their structure and clinical features had, along with the general patterns (characteristic for each of the periods of the development of the epidemic situation), a number of specific features. In the course of studying the psychological and psychiatric aspects of unusual conditions of existence (forced self-isolation), three groups of people were identified, according to their age and the nature of their professional activities. It was established that the psychological forms of response and the features of psychopathological manifestations in the conditions of an unfavorable epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19 were characterized by heterogeneity and polymorphism and were determined both by the course of the epidemic process and by the influence of various biomedical, socio-psychological, informational, and professional household pathogenic factors. Of particular importance was the fact that the degree of influence of these factors on the mental health of people was largely determined by the gradually increasing asteniс effect of each of them (the “vicious circle”), with the formation of a “favorable asthenic soil” that promotes the development of more marked and persistent mental and psychosomatic disorders.

State support for enterprises of folk art crafts in the region, in the face of an unfavorable epidemiological situation

State support for enterprises of folk art crafts in the region, in the face of an unfavorable epidemiological situation

Epidemiological Situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2019 and Forecast for 2020

The review presents an analysis of epidemic and epizootic situation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Russian Federation in 2010–2019, summarizes the results of epizootiological monitoring of the CCHF natural focus territory in the south of European part of Russia. An unfavorable epidemiological situation regarding CCHF is maintained in the Russian Federation. In 2010–2019, 999 CCHF cases were registered in nine regions of Southern and North-Caucasian Federal Districts. In 2019, an increase in the CCHF incidence level in the entities of the SFD and NCFD was observed as compared to 2017–2018. The expansion of the territory with registered epidemic manifestations of CCHF continues. In 2010–2019, the number of imago and pre-imaginal phases of Hyalomma marginatum – the main vector of the CCHF virus in Russia, remained consistently high. High numbers of H. marginatum ticks and their CCHFV infection rates can contribute to the development of an unfavorable epidemiological situation in the south of the Russian Federation with a possible increase in the CCHF incidence in 2020.

Рынком движет госсегмент

The public sector has been actively growing over the past two years and is still a growth driver for the entire pharmaceutical market. The unfavourable epidemiological situation and government investments in the sector have given a boost to the Russian pharmaceutical market in the first months of this year. The public sector reached the level of RUB 301 bil. at purchase prices for the period from January to June 2020. According to the estimates of most analytical agencies, the sector will continue to grow in the second half of the year, though its growth will slow down slightly.

TO THE QUESTION OF PRICING ON MEDICINES

One of the most important problems in the development of the pharmaceutical market is the problem of medicines’ pricing, which, in addition to the economic aspect associated with fluctuations in the supply and demand curve, is associated with the level of accessibility of medical care to the people. In the unfavorable epidemiological situation, there is a serious problem of unjustified increase of the prices on antiviral drugs. Objective: to study the system of state regulation of pricing for medicines.

EXPERIENCE IN USING DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE WORK OF A SIMULATION CENTER

Simulation training implies the direct work of the student with mannequins and simulators to hone, first of all, practical skills. However, the unfavorable epidemiological situation in the region in 2020 created the need to use new training methods for simulation training - using e-learning and distance learning technologies (EE and DOT).

Higher education in the conditions of unfavorable epidemiological situation in Russia and in foreign countries caused by the new coronovirus infection COVID-19

Higher education in the conditions of unfavorable epidemiological situation in Russia and in foreign countries caused by the new coronovirus infection COVID-19

Внедрение инноваций для продолжения деятельности компаний в период неблагоприятной эпидемиологической обстановки в стране

Внедрение инноваций для продолжения деятельности компаний в период неблагоприятной эпидемиологической обстановки в стране

RESULTS OF EMERGENCY RECOVERY WORK AND ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL SUPPORT DURING THE FLOOD ELIMINATION IN THE TERRITORY OF THE IRKUTSK REGION BY THE AIRMOBILE GROUP OF THE TULA RESCUE CENTER OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA (FROM JULY 6 TO AUGUST 15, 2019)

Relevance. Heavy rainfall in June July 2019 and a rise of water levels in rivers caused flooding in the Irkutsk region. About 11 thousand houses, 49 road sections were flooded, 22 bridges were destroyed and damaged. Over 45 thousand people were affected by the flood, 25 people died, 6 went missing. In the areas of disaster, emergency regime was declared. 10 meter dam on the Iya River was broken, the most dangerous flood was in the Tulun town, Irkutsk Region. The powerful pressure of the river, sweeping and destroying everything in its path, surged into the town. Residential houses and farm buildings floated along the river, breaking against a bridge. On June 29 at 2 p.m. there was a maximum water level of 13 m 87 cm, which was almost 2 times higher than the critical level, after which the water began to decline. The flood divided the city into 2 parts.Intention is to present the results of emergency recovery work and analyze the medical support during the flood elimination in the Irkutsk region.Methodology. The airmobile group (AMG) of the Tula Rescue Center of the EMERCOM of Russia was formed in the amount of 100 persons to participate in the emergency response. From July 6 to August 15, 2019 military personnel of AMG performed emergency recovery work during a flood in the Tulun town, Irkutsk Region.Results and analysis. Due to the unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the area of emergency response, military personnel of the AMG were vaccinated against hepatitis A. During emergency recovery operations, 4941 dump trucks (123,525 m3) of solid waste were removed, 122 houses and adjoining territories were cleared from household rubbish as a result of a bypass and targeted assistance to the population, 210 destroyed residential buildings and 345 outbuildings were dismantled, 390 m of drainage trenches were dug, 23,396 m3 of water was pumped out from courtyards and streets, 10 tons of humanitarian aid were loaded, transported and unloaded, and other works. On August 13, 2019, AMG employees were involved in a rescue operation with the subsequent air medical evacuation of the victim. 47 cases of treatment of the affected people within primary health care were registered. The general morbidity (help seeking) of AMG military personnel was 1190 ‰, i.e. each soldier turned for medical help 1.2 times. In the structure of the general morbidity, the 1st rank was taken by diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (XII chapter according to ICD 10), the 2nd – diseases of the respiratory system (X chapter), the 3rd – diseases of the digestive system (XI chapter). The prevaling cases of treatment were infected foot and leg scuffs, acute respiratory infections, acute toothache, enterocolitis.Conclusion. An algorithm for cooperation with local authorities of the State system for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations in the territory of the Angara region has been developed. The experience gained in organizing medical support for military personnel of the Tula Rescue Center of the EMERCOM of Russia will allow detailed planning of the forces and means of the medical service in the formation of an airmobile group.

First genotypic characterization of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in Lithuanian hospitals reveals the prevalence of the hypervirulent ribotype 027/ST1.

Clostridioides difficile has become the leading nosocomial Gram-positive pathogen in the developed countries. In Lithuania, the national surveillance program for C. difficile started in 2017. Enzyme immunoassay, the real-time PCR system, and culture are used for laboratory confirmation of C. difficile infection in Lithuanian clinical laboratories. No reference laboratory for C. difficile is present in Lithuania. Fifty-eight isolates of C. difficile were collected in 2016 and 2017 in two hospitals using real-time PCR and culture methods. Agarose gel-based PCR ribotyping, multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used for the genotypic characterization of 28 isolates. PCR ribotyping and MLST showed that 78.6% of the tested toxigenic isolates belong to the ribotype RT027/ST1. Using MLVA, 95.5% of RT027 isolates were genetically related. MLVA revealed three clonal complexes in RT027. Six non-RT027 isolates showed four different electrophoretic profiles in PCR ribotyping and were assigned to the MLST sequence types ST2, ST13, ST54, and ST63. The highest discriminatory power showed the genotyping by MLVA. In total, 20 MLVA profiles were identified. This genotyping technique allowed to identify four groups of RT027/ST1 isolates that were indistinguishable by PCR ribotyping and MLST. Our study is the first genotypic characterization of C. difficile isolates in Lithuania. We observed a high prevalence of presumptive RT027 that suggests unfavorable epidemiological situation in Lithuania. Our results stress for implementation of genotyping of C. difficile isolates in Lithuanian surveillance.