Patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC) or unexplained chronic cough (UCC) often have comorbid diseases associated with cough (RCC) and/or receive treatments for conditions presumed to be related to their cough (RCC/UCC). The medical histories of patients with RCC or UCC enrolled in two phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of the P2X3 receptor antagonist gefapixant were assessed. Patients enrolled in COUGH-1 (NCT03449134) and COUGH-2 (NCT03449147) were included. Eligible patients for both trials were ≥18 years of age, diagnosed with RCC or UCC (≥1 year), and scored ≥40 mm on the cough severity visual analog scale. Medical history, including comorbidities and prior medications, was collected from medical records. A total of 2044 patients were included (COUGH-1, N=730; COUGH-2, N=1314). Patients were predominately female (COUGH-1, 74%; COUGH-2, 75%) with a median (range) cough duration of 9 (2–59) and 7 (1–75) years in COUGH-1 and COUGH-2, respectively. Common comorbid diagnoses included asthma (COUGH-1, 43%; COUGH-2, 40%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (COUGH-1, 40%; COUGH-2, 40%), and allergic rhinitis (COUGH-1, 20%; COUGH-2, 15%). Prior medication classes included medications for acid-related disorders (eg, esomeprazole, omeprazole; COUGH-1, 59%; COUGH-2, 52%), anti-inflammatory or anti-infective medications including steroids (eg, budesonide, prednisolone; COUGH-1, 34%; COUGH-2, 28%), and analgesics including neuromodulators commonly used off-label to manage cough (eg, codeine, gabapentin, morphine; COUGH-1, 48%; COUGH-2, 39%). Patients enrolled in COUGH-1 and COUGH-2 represented a heterogeneous RCC and UCC patient population, with medical histories consistent with treatment of identified or presumed conditions associated with chronic cough.