Unexpected Problems Research Articles

Critical zone identification framework for bulk electric system security assessment

Climate change introduces a new set of vulnerabilities. It might cause unexpected voltage and frequency violation problems that can damage the existing power system configurations. Identifying the zones containing more critical violations in a bulk system under different climatic conditions and contingencies is crucial to securing the power system operation and infrastructure safety. This paper presents an advanced critical zone identification framework that can retrieve information from extensive data yielded by dynamic contingency analysis results from a large interconnected power grid. A machine learning (ML) based clustering approach is applied to identify the critical zone under hundreds of scenarios. The developed framework is tested using the 2028 western electricity coordinating council (WECC) system, and the detailed results are discussed in this paper.

Towards an “Aesthetics of Weather”: Gustaf Fröding and Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty”

ABSTRACT In spring 1892 the Stockholm literary magazine Ord och bild commissioned Swedish poet Gustaf Fröding (1860–1911) with a translation of Shelley’s “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty” (1816). At the time, Fröding was an accomplished poet and an experienced translator of Romantic poetry from English, German, and French. However, Fröding lamented in a letter to his editor that in “Hymn” he had encountered an unexpected problem with rendering Shelley’s poetry of meteorological form into Swedish. This is peculiar as Fröding’s own poetic compositions, original and translations alike, are deeply preoccupied with meteorology. Taking its outset in Fröding’s struggle with the translation, this essay investigates weather in “Hymn,” arguing that what had puzzled Fröding was a mode of meteorological representation idiosyncratic to Shelley. The essay suggests that it is precisely through these idiosyncratic meteorological representations that Shelley develops discourses of French materialist and British skeptical and empirical philosophy. This development culminates in an “aesthetics of weather,” expressive of Shelley’s radical conceptions of the social and physical world. The essay concludes that Fröding’s pronounced struggle and the variation in semantic content of his version of the poem reveal what is really the meteorologically precise poetic form of an aesthetics of weather in “Hymn.”

Power Systems’ Resilience: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Several natural hazards have caused unexpected problems to power systems due to climate change, emphasising the position that power systems are not prepared for extremely large-scale events. As a result, the need to study resilience in the context of power systems has been increased. A comprehensive review of the literature on power system resilience (PSR) from various perspectives is presented herein. In this work, the first ever comprehensive definition for PSR is proposed, accounting for both social and technical aspects of resilience. The properties to be included in the construction of a standard definition are also suggested. Well-developed PSR concepts based on resilience trapezoids are discussed. Then, the PSR metrics (PSRMs) are defined, classified, and their selection criteria presented. Subsequently, several evaluation and enhancement frameworks proposed in recent years for PSR are investigated, and a novel comprehensive multidisciplinary PSR evaluation framework is proposed that provides for the application of the proposed comprehensive definition. In addition, classifications of threats to PSR and their respective adaptation measures are also proposed. Finally, this study highlights gaps and proposes future works to achieve a resilient PS. Procedures were followed to (i) identify articles; (ii) review, compare, and analyse articles; and (iii) identify the current literature and research gaps.

Virtual Reality Interface Evaluation for Earthwork Teleoperation

Automation and robotics are destined to play a critical role in the Industry 4.0 revolution, as illustrated by the emergence of autonomous machinery in earthwork operations. Despite rapid progress, autonomous agents will always require human supervision to instruct their mission and to guaranty safety when unexpected problems arise. Traditional human supervision requires an operator to physically enter each machine at risk and manually take control. This approach is time-consuming and requires highly qualified personnel capable of operating various machines. This process can be hastened and simplified by means of teleoperated supervision, which itself requires the appropriate interface. In this paper we evaluate a virtual reality (VR)-based interface using hybrid interactions and an immersive digital-twin compared to a real-life control. We compare these interfaces through control tasks performed by expert and non-expert operators, analyzing time and precision, as well as user feedback. The preliminary results show that the VR interface brings equivalent and satisfactory performances for experts and improves the efficiency of apprentices. Therefore, not only does everyone performs well in the virtual environment, but also the training time can be shortened significantly as non-experts can perform similarly under the same conditions.

An efficient IoT-Artificial Intelligence-based Chronic Kidney Diseases Prediction using Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) Deep Learning Method in Healthcare System

IOT (Internet of Things) can control the remote based patient’s health care monitoring system and here monitoring for the chronic kindney diseases predication levels. When an IoT device collects data from patients, it sends the data to a software application that can be viewed by healthcare professionals and/or patients. Ongoing Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) is one of the main supporters of the bleakness and mortality of non-transferable illnesses, influencing 15-20% of the total populace. Early and exact finding of CKD stages is accepted to be fundamental to decrease the effect of unexpected problems on patients, for example, hypertension, sickliness (low blood count), bone mineral issues, poor nourishing wellbeing, and irregularities. Since our requirement is better disease classification for Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) DL (Deep Learning) methods, the problem of machine learning method is that the existing system cannot detect the level of disease. Our get the Chronic Kidney Disease dataset get from kaggle minimum 1000 and 10000 datas has been used the preprocessing of input datasets. The feature extraction using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and this algorithm has been process for specially used for text data or information extraction. This method can be used for perfect extract text data form CKD disease dataset. After extract the data and then approach the classification method of TCN algorithm. In this algorithm to classify the CKD disease level accuracy find out here. Our classification algorithm for TCN examine the extreme performance of pointers being an accuracy.

Reflections on resilience in the context of failure - Proposal of a Theoretical Framework

In perfect, ideal situations, everything is running smoothly and under the best conditions. The business is running smoothly, all the customers are satisfied and all the products delivered are in order. Suddenly, at any time, unexpected problems arise and affect the smooth running of the business. If zero failures are therefore unthinkable in any unstable environment subject to uncertainty, what can we say about the link between failure and resilience? Indeed, despite the concrete truth of the environment, it is in the latter that many beautiful things arise. Willingness versus action is the source of resilience and progress. This paper presents an overview of the theoretical framework linking context failure, compensatory strategies and resilience. More specifically, we focus on the contribution of compensatory or restitution strategies to the recovery of resilience. From the literature review, we examined several research works on failure contexts in order to subsequently propose a research model reflecting the role of compensations in recovery and resilience.

Achieving Digital Wellbeing Through Digital Self-control Tools: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Public media and researchers in different areas have recently focused on perhaps unexpected problems that derive from an excessive and frequent use of technology, giving rise to a new kind of psychological “digital” wellbeing. Such a novel and pressing topic has fostered, both in the academia and in the industry, the emergence of a variety of digital self-control tools allowing users to self-regulate their technology use through interventions like timers and lock-out mechanisms. While these emerging technologies for behavior change hold great promise to support people’s digital wellbeing, we still have a limited understanding of their real effectiveness, as well as of how to best design and evaluate them. Aiming to guide future research in this important domain, this article presents a systematic review and a meta-analysis of current work on tools for digital self-control. We surface motivations, strategies, design choices, and challenges that characterize the design, development, and evaluation of digital self-control tools. Furthermore, we estimate their overall effect size on reducing (unwanted) technology use through a meta-analysis. By discussing our findings, we provide insights on how to (i) overcome a limited perspective that exclusively focuses on technology overuse and self-monitoring tools, (ii) evaluate digital self-control tools through long-term studies and standardized measures, and (iii) bring ethics in the digital wellbeing discourse and deal with the business model of contemporary tech companies.

Effect of the resonance suppression damping on the stability of a cartridge pilot-operated relief valve

The pilot-operated relief valve is a complex hydraulic component. The instability phenomenon during its application may cause some unexpected problems, such as poppet vibrations or pressure fluctuations, etc. Despite the abundant use of relief valves in pressure-control applications across various fields, there is a lack of quantitative stability criteria. This paper focuses on deriving the quantitative stability criteria of a cartridge pilot-operated relief valve. After establishing the detailed mathematical model of such a valve, the effects of the main parameters on its stability are analyzed through the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion. The analysis results indicate that the unreasonable match between the chambers and the poppets may break the stability of the valve. However, limited to the internal space of the cartridge-type valve, some chambers are too small to match the minimum manufacturing mass of the poppets. To ensure the stability of the pilot-operated relief valve, a dynamic pressure feedback orifice is typically designed between the main stage and the pilot stage as a resonance suppression damping element. So that the contradiction between the stability criterion and the sensitive parameters will be resolved if the orifice is small enough. As a result, the stability of the pilot-operated relief valve may be considerably improved. Finally, simulations and measurements were utilized to verify the correctness of the predicted results.

Lost in data: recognizing type of time series sensor data using signal pattern classification

AbstractWith the increase in number and size of Internet of Things systems, there is an ever-growing risk of (meta)data loss, as well as the maintenance overhead to mitigate such risks. The experts recognize three main challenges in this area that need to be tackled, namely (1) downsizing the manual work required for configuring sensor networks, (2) recovering metadata, such as sensor type, in case of connection issues, malfunctions or malicious actions in sensor networks, (3) rebuilding metadata lost due to unexpected problems within a data storage. Fortunately, all three challenges can be tackled with a uniform solution, namely the signal type classification approach, which is able to match raw signal to an appropriate data type. In this research, we evaluate and compare different approaches for signal type classification that can be used to recognize a signal type being read from an IoT sensor. This is done by using machine learning methods for modelling a signal represented as raw time series data. Three machine learning classification approaches are taken into a consideration, namely one class, two class and multi-class. According to the results of the evaluation, the most accurate multi-class random forest algorithm can correctly classify unknown signals in $$\sim {75}\%$$ ∼ 75 % of the cases based on only 20 consecutive sensor readings. Moreover, multi-class random forest can detect two most probable classes of monitored signal with the accuracy of 95%.

A Reflection on Teaching Transferable Language Arts Editing Knowledge and Skills to Indigenous Alaska Native First-Generation Students

This reflective paper explores a personal experience teaching a developmental English course through John Dewey’s reflective lens and an attempt to identify, define, analyze, solve, and test an unexpected problem encountered in the classroom. The issue identified was that students were not transferring learned writing and editing skills to major assignments or using said skills in other courses they were enrolled in. This led to examining the lack of experience teaching Alaska Native English learners and a lack of knowledge of student cultures and backgrounds. Through research and cultural training, the decision was made to add an element of knowledge exchange in the classroom by giving students the opportunity to teach about who they are and their culture and languages. Class content contained no connection to Alaska Native culture or way of life until Dr. Barton presented the Standard Model for Indigenous Learning (SMIL). There was an understanding that the curriculum did not need to be redesigned entirely but rather incorporate the five threads of SMIL into the content already created. Possible hindrances embedded in curriculum design were also explored and with the discovery of the importance of giving students the time and space to practice the application of skills taught in the classroom on major assignments. Through this reflective practice journey, self-reflective questions led to culturally responsive instructional strategies to target academic readiness skills supporting Indigenous Alaska Native first-generation students to reach course goals.

Technological transformation in journalism: Journalists’ techno-cultural experiences from actor-network perspective

Objective: Technological transformations have profoundly changed the journalism professions. These transformational processes have been experienced by journalists in a techno-cultural environment where their personal and collective memories were shaped. This study employs oral history as the data collection technique in order to explore the details of this techno-cultural change from the actor-network theory (ANT) perspective. Research methods: A sample of 28 senior Turkish journalists were interviewed about their experiences on the technological transformations in their professional life. The transcribed text from these narrations were qualitatively analyzed by NVivo. Results: Journalists agreed that their work was more satisfactory during their past career, and they had faced some difficulties in new forms of technical practices. They also remembered how they were able to tackle some unexpected technical problems by introducing creative inventions. They generally acknowledged the negative effects of technology on the job cuts. Cognitive value: Interviewees’ narrations display the details of the change in journalism professions.

Impact of protective glass on photodegradation of ink-jet printed documents

Ink-jet printing has recently been increasingly used for professional and domestic purposes. However, the degradation of ink-jet prints under the influence of external factors, predominantly light, can cause unexpected problems and lead to the limited life span of a product. It is therefore essential to have in-depth knowledge about the materials, i.e. paper and ink, used for ink-jet printing and to consider their lightfastness to assure the resistance of a print as a whole. The aim of the present research was to study the lightfastness of ink-jet prints protected with glass. Using a printer with dye-based inks, samples of cyan, magenta, yellow and black were printed on different paper substrates. Prints and substrates alone were exposed to the radiation of xenon light for a limited time to simulate the action of average daylight. Some of the samples were exposed to radiation without protection, while others were covered with ordinary window glass or glass which ensured UV protection. Afterwards, the changes on samples were evaluated spectrophotometrically and colour differences were calculated using the CIEDE2000 equation. The results showed that glass effectively reduces the photodegradation of ink-jet prints. Protection with UV glass proved to be more effective than with ordinary glass. The substrate selection was also significant in achieving print lightfastness, as much smaller colour differences were observed on the prints made on photo paper than on those printed on plain office paper.

Is the Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Appropriate? A Literature Review on Accounting Learning

The objective of this study is to examine the development of research results on the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in accounting learning in Indonesia within a 10-year period (2012 – 2022). The research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. A review was carried out on 54 PBL articles in the field of accounting education in Sinta 1-6 accredited journals. Research results showed the following findings, there were 54 published articles on PBL in the accounting field from 2012 to 2022, and most articles were published in 2017-2018. The most popular variants on the PBL research method in the accounting field employed Classroom Action Research (41%), followed by experimental research (33%). Most of the research objects involved vocational high schools, universities, and senior high schools. Of the 54 articles that were examined, only 18 articles presented the learning syntax in accordance with the PBL terms from Howard Barrows. Another 12 articles did not follow the PBL terms, but did present problems in learning. However, the utilized problems were not in accordance with the characteristics of problems in PBL, which involve real, unexpected, and unplanned (unstructured) problems. This is presumably because the researchers (1) do not fully understand the features of PBL, or (2) have problems formulating problems in the accounting field that are in accordance with the demands of PBL.

Improvisation in academic management: a case study in a Brazilian public university

In this study, manifestations of improvisation and its relevance to academic management in a public university were analyzed. The study focused on managerial practices carried out by academic program coordinators. This is a qualitative case study that was based on concepts related to decision making in public administration, university management and organizational improvisation. Data were collected through participant observation, ethnographic interviews and documents, which were analyzed through document and narrative analysis. The results showed that the predominant types of improvisation were ad-hoc and covert, with the latter being due to the strong influence of informality. Other characteristcs such as pressure to meet deadlines, experience and creativity were key factors in the improvisational practices identified. Conclusions revealed that improvisational practices were found in the managerial practices of academic coordinators, contributing to not only to solve unexpected problems but also to improve the academic managerial performance.

P75: In Vivo Evaluation of a Paracorporeal Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Device in an Ovine Model

Background: Ventricular assist devices (VAD) have undergone numerous changes and improvements since their conception. One of the most notable advances was the paradigm change from pulsatile to non-pulsatile, continuous-flow (CF) rotary pumps, which are smaller and more durable. Despite these improvements, the price of CF-VADs makes them challenging to access in developing countries. Hence, an easily implantable, cost-effective VAD has the potential to increase access to life-saving procedures around the world. In this study, we performed two 30-day experiments to assess the safety and durability of the final version of the Vitalmex Paracorporeal Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Device (PPVAD). Methods: The device was implanted in two healthy sheep for 31 and 32 days. Implantation was performed by inserting the inflow cannula into the left ventricular apex and suturing the outflow graft to the descending aorta. Hemodynamic data, such as VAD pulse rate, flow, and pressures, were recorded. Bloodwork, including chemistry, hematology/coagulation profile, and plasma-free hemoglobin, was taken. A necropsy was performed at the end of the study. Values are reported as means with standard deviations. Results: Both animals reached the intended endpoint without any unexpected device-related problems. A fixed VAD rate of 65 bpm was maintained throughout most of the study duration. The average VAD flow was 3.14 ± 0.9 L/min. Plasma-free hemoglobin values were 10.15 ± 3.95 mg/dL. The histopathologic evaluation reported interstitial nephritis and mild cortical fibrosis of the adrenal glands. Thromboembolic incidents were observed in the liver and lungs; these were not clinically significant. The tissue changes surrounding the implant site at the left ventricle and descending aorta were within the expected degree of inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusion: The PPVAD can provide safe pulsatile mechanical circulatory support for 30 days. This device can offer an easily implantable, cost-effective alternative to currently available VADs.

Editorial: Toyota Production System practices asFast‐and‐Frugalheuristics

Editorial: Toyota Production System practices as<scp>Fast‐and‐Frugal</scp>heuristics

The Role of Natural Ability and Characteristics of Aviation Security Employees in Implementing Standard Operating Procedures at Lombok International Airport

Security in general is always considered as a guarantee of safety. When there is a problem in a place, it is none other than the security or security forces in that place, like at an airport, security issues are handled by Aviation Security officers. The importance of the natural abilities and characteristics of Aviation Security employees greatly influences the smooth implementation of standard operating procedures which one day will be needed when unexpected problems occur and not only for problems but the natural abilities and characteristics of Aviation Security employees play an important role for the comfort of the services provided for passengers or users of the airport. The purpose of this research is to find out the role of the natural abilities of individual Aviation Security employees in implementing Standard Operating Procedures and the role of the Characteristics of Aviation Security employees in implementing SOPs. This study uses a qualitative method of sampling purposively and snowball, triangulation research technique. The results of Intellectual avation security research in implementing standard operating procedures as research has carried out show that the potential possessed by Aviation Security employees is very influential in providing services to users of aviation services, members or Aviation Security personnel who have intellectual abilities such as having smart minds can carry out security and safety at the airport as best as possible, can detect the movements of a person, be it a flight service user or an employee at the Lombok International airport. Aviation Security personnel must have the courage to take decisive action in dealing with unruly passangers or service users who do not comply with applicable regulations for the safety of service users at the airport and on the basis of operational standards that apply at Lombok International Airport.

Neglected Applications of Monolithic Structures: The Beginnings of Planar Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been first reported by N. A. Izmailov and M. S. Schreiber in the late 1930s. The liquid mobile phase usually moves in pores of a layer supported by a rigid plate placed vertically in a simple container, e.g., a beaker. The flow is driven by capillary forces in the pores only and no sophisticated instrumentation is required. The individual components of the mixture are separated based on differences in their affinity for the solid stationary and the liquid mobile phases. The typical format of the stationary phase represents a thin layer coated on a glass, aluminium, or plastic plate. The porous sorbents can be silicon dioxide (silica), aluminium oxide (alumina), and cellulose, held together, e.g., with gypsum. The main advantages of TLC are the ease of carrying out the separations, which can also take place in parallel lines on the same plate, simple equipment, stationary phase for single use, static detection, and the possibility of archiving the separation result in a dried layer. However, the typical 100–250 μm thick layers are not well suited for combination of TLC with mass spectrometry (MS). This has led to the commercialization of ultrathin 10 μm thick monolithic silica layers. Unfortunately, their production was soon discontinued. Alternative solutions to that problem originated from the academic environment. In one approach, the layers were formed from nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Alternatively, the layers were porous monolithic polymers produced by polymerization in situ and a variety of separations of both small and large molecules was demonstrated. The use of MS detection then enabled determination of molecular mass of the compounds in the separated spots. Although preparation of the thin monolithic layers originally appeared straightforward, some unexpected problems had to be solved. This review details issues related to the history of the monolithic TLC and presents approaches leading to well behaving layers suitable for the desired separations.

Rewards, risks and responsible deployment of artificial intelligence in water systems

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly proposed to address deficiencies across water systems, which currently leave about 25% of the global population without clean water, about 50% without sanitation services and about 30% without hygiene facilities. AI is poised to enhance supply insights, catchment management and emergency response, improve treatment plant and distribution network design, operation and maintenance, and advance service availability, demand management and water justice. However, proliferation of this nascent technology could trigger serious and unexpected problems, including system-wide compromise owing to design errors, malfunction and cyberattacks as well as exposures to cascading socio-ecological, water–energy–food nexus and coupled critical infrastructure failures. In response, we make three recommendations for safe and responsible deployment of AI across potable water supply and sewage disposal systems: address gaps in foundational infrastructure and digital literacy; establish institutional, software and hardware mechanisms for trustworthy AI; and prioritize applications based on our proposed systematic benefit and risk assessment framework. In this Perspective, the authors survey potential water-system-wide benefits of AI applications from catchments to end-users and then highlight potential systemic barriers, direct risks and exposures to cascading failures, which may prove catastrophic for communities. In response, they make three recommendations for safe and responsible deployment of AI across potable water supply and sewage disposal systems.

Applications and effectiveness of teledentistry in orthodontic practice during the COVID-19 restrictions.

The aim of this study was to identify the areas of application for teledentistry and analyze its effectiveness in orthodontic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 233 patients (159 women, 74 men) receiving orthodontic treatment were included. During the COVID-19 restriction period, patients were given teledentistry appointments. During these video conferences, remote orthodontic checkups were performed by one orthodontist, who asked the patients for photos or videos. The applications carried out during the interviews were recorded, classified, and analyzed. In addition, clinical emergency patients were identified. After the teledentistry consultations, two different questionnaires were presented to the patients, depending on their attendance at teledentistry appointments, and the results were statistically evaluated. In all, 21.25% of the patients were identified as having clinical emergencies, including injury because of damage from brackets and wires; 10% of them reported bracket breakage; 17.5% were encouraged to use intermaxillary elastics; and 3.75% were in pain. However, 50% of them were found to be unproblematic. A total of 91% of the participants in the survey reported that online checkups were sufficient to understand and resolve their symptoms. However, 28% wanted to communicate with orthodontists by video call or with photos instead of meeting face to face (65.5%) when unexpected problems arose during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teledentistry can be an effective method for motivating patients who are undergoing orthodontic treatments that require cooperation. It is also an effective way of understanding the patients' symptoms and reducing the risk of cross-infection by identifying patients who will require face-to-face emergency treatment during pandemics.