Uneven Treatment Research Articles

The Medium-Blocking Discharge Vibration-Uniform Material Plasma Seed Treatment Device Based on EDEM

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds by plasma can improve seed vigor and promote seed germination and growth. To solve the problems of low processing volume and uneven treatment in plasma seed treatment devices, according to the process scheme of medium-blocking discharge plasma seed treatment, a medium-blocking discharge vibration-uniform material plasma seed treatment device was designed, the structure and working principle of the vibration-uniform material device were systematically analyzed, and the mathematical model of seed force was established. According to electromagnetic vibration theory, the seed sorting and conveying principles were analyzed in the lower trough, and the relevant parameters were selected and calculated. Using EDEM discrete element simulation software, a numerical simulation of alfalfa seed feeding and vibration-uniform material process was carried out. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was established. The results showed that the vibration amplitude and groove shape significantly affected the coefficient of variation of seed uniformity on the groove during the seed feeding and vibration-uniform material processes, and the groove wheel speed had a certain effect on the coefficient of variation of uniformity. The main order of factors affecting the uniformity of seed spreading was vibration amplitude B > notch shape C > speed A. The optimal speed was 35 r/min, the optimal notch shape was circular, and the optimal vibration amplitude was 0.55 mm.

The Whiteboard: Decoupling of ethnic and gender diversity reporting and practice in corporate Australia

Diversity of company leadership is an important governance issue for corporations globally, yet the uneven treatment of diversity priorities remains a major challenge. We explore the extent and change over time of both gender and ethnic diversity in leadership and disclosure for Australia’s largest firms from 2005 to 2021. Using institutional theory, we compare the isomorphisms driving change, and examine the extent to which there is rhetorical decoupling between diversity disclosure and practice. Our analysis reveals a significant improvement in gender diversity over time but very little progress in the ethnic diversity of corporate leaders. We find a connection between diversity reporting and the appointment of female corporate leaders. However, there is a disconnection between public commitment to diversity and the appointment of non-white corporate leaders. A lack of regulation for diversity reporting contributes to this imbalance with different outcomes for gender and ethnic diversity as the result of different institutional isomorphisms. Our findings can inform policymakers and corporations, highlighting the importance of a range of institutional pressures that encourage the disclosure and practice of ethnic diversity in corporate leadership. JEL Classification: M14

Politics and Differently Abled Persons in India in the 21st Century

Politics is a major and integral part of society. Every individual who is physically impaired is also involved and affects the political process. The concept of a disabled person has modified into a differently abled person as disability depends upon the almighty’s decision or not in our hand so it’s never be neglected. India is a democratic and developing country; differently-abled people are also a part of the people. Without their political inclusion and participation, we cannot imagine the development of a democratic state. People possessing the nationality of a country are called citizens. All citizens have the right to say about, regulate, or access their own country’s progress and prosperity. The main motto of this presentation is to identify the Political Rights of Indian citizens. It also identifies the Political Rights of differently-abled persons in the 21st century. As Article 29 of UNCRPD (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) said, all people with disabilities have the same right to take part in politics as other citizens. Convention says that governments must be confirmed about the accessibility of differently-abled persons in the election process. This means: Making sure that the ways of voting and the voting papers are easy to use and understand. Being assured differently-abled people can vote secretly as other citizens can. During the vote, every Govt. can allow an assistant with each differently abled person to express their own choice or to elect easily. This study describes the Electoral Rights of physically and sensory disabled persons and related to this it examines the effectiveness of “The Right to Vote for All” in India. Numerous discrimination differently-abled people have witnessed as they are considered ‘inferior’ and ‘abnormal’ and received uneven treatment. Although the Disability Rights Movement in the 1970s said about equality, the differently abled still faces discrimination to take part in elections. In our country, the exclusion of differently-abled people from political participation takes place at all levels in different ways. The present investigation finds out the issues of differently abled person’s political participation and explores how to cope up with this for political and electoral inclusion.

“Send Forth the Very Best Ye Breed”: Captain Frederick S. Wild and the War in the Philippines, 1899–1902

“Send Forth the Very Best Ye Breed”: Captain Frederick S. Wild and the War in the Philippines, 1899–1902

Steinlen, the Police, and the (In)Justice System in Fin-de-Siècle France

Abstract In writing about the police force in late 19th-century France, the anarchist Jean Grave decried that it was in fact necessary, if only to uphold the decisions of the unjust magistracy and to protect the interests of the bourgeoisie. This essay explores his claim through the graphic work of the Franco-Swiss artist Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen, a member of Grave's intellectual circle. Steinlen collaborated with radical leftist performers, authors, and publishers, including Grave, to produce a wealth of images that reveal his keen sensitivity to the social and political inequities of his time. Notably, Steinlen's emigration to Paris in 1881 coincided with a period of marked class antagonism in the capital, largely exacerbated by the policies of the state and their most visible enforcers: the police. Steinlen's incisive illustrations combat the uneven treatment of the lower classes by French police officers and the justice system at large, highlighting the oppressive and relentless nature of the judicial machine infernale while offering possibilities for its disruption or subversion.

A review of the acculturative stress scale for the Chinese community of Kolkata

Kolkata serves as a hub for many immigrant ethnic groups, including Armenians, Jews, Parsis, Chinese, and others. Among them, the Chinese appear to be the most important. The research emphasizes on the Chinese community of Kolkata, which attempted to integrate into the host culture by perceiving which qualities or behaviours are socially acceptable and shunning those that are harmful. Chinese rejection within society has been a very prevalent phenomenon since the Sino-Indian conflict of 1962. The Chinese minority in Kolkata experienced increased stress as a result of social adjustment, resulting in culture shock among this ethnic community. They are subjected to uneven treatment, particularly following the 1962 conflict, which widened the gap between the Chinese-Indian community and the general public. The objective of this study aims to create a culturally competent scale to assess the acculturative stress experienced by the Chinese community of Kolkata after the Sino-India conflict in 1962. Acculturative stress arises when an ethnic group is faced with adversity in social circumstances. The exploratory factor analysis was initiated on a series of 27 items, representing four unique stressor domain labels, which include fear (10 items), perceived discrimination (7 items), negative feelings (4 items), and social isolation (6 items). The major findings of this research are that the community is plagued by anxiety, and non-acceptance by the host culture after the 1962 war imposed a psychological impact upon the mind-set of the Chinese at that time and that fear of non-acceptance has remained among the Chinese immigrants which linked to apprehension about how to live in the new society but they tried effectively dealing with acculturative stresses in their lives.

Drawing on Architecture: The Object of Lines, 1970–1990

Drawing on Architecture: The Object of Lines, 1970–1990

Analisis Perhitungan Penyusutan Aset Tetap terhadap Laba Perusahaan PT. Campina Ice Cream Industry Tbk

This study focuses on the calculation of depreciation of fixed assets on profit using 3 methods, namely the straight-line method, the number of years method, and the double-declining balance method. The purpose of this research is to find out which depreciation method has the most influence on the company's profit and to find out whether the company's choice has been effective or not. Based on the calculation results, it is known that depreciation using the straight-line method is more dominant and has a positive impact on the company's profit PT.Campina Ice Cream Industry Tbk. While the use of the number of years method and the double-declining balance method is less effective for companies because of the uneven treatment of charges and decreases every year so that at the beginning of the accounting period the profits obtained tend to be small, while in the next period until the end of the life of the fixed assets, the profits obtained high value

When the World Laughs: Film Comedy East and West

When the World Laughs: Film Comedy East and West

Selective Corporate Restructuring Strategy

This article engages with a fundamental, but under-theorized, fact: that modern corporate restructuring generally, and UK and US corporate restructuring specifically, are frequently processes in which only selected creditors are impaired by the restructuring plan, and which frequently treat impaired creditors of equal rank unevenly. This selectivity stands in contrast to the foundational idea of corporate insolvency as a collective process, in which individual creditors’ rights of enforcement are suspended for the good of the general body of creditors; in which all creditors participate; and in which the proceeds of realization of the assets are distributed in accordance with the distributional order of priority prescribed by corporate insolvency law. Restructuring procedures in which certain creditors are selected by the debtor to absorb the loss while others ride through unaffected raise very different issues of distributional fairness from an insolvency procedure in which all creditors participate. Moreover, the uneven treatment of creditors who would be of equal rank in corporate insolvency law’s distributional order of priority raises quite different issues from controversies over the distributional order of priority itself. Yet, with a few notable exceptions, selective corporate restructuring strategies have received hardly any attention from corporate insolvency and restructuring law scholars. We start from the premise that selectivity – strategic decisions to engage with selected creditors rather than to engage with all creditors in restructuring negotiations, and differential treatment – strategic decisions to allocate losses unevenly among creditors of the same rank, depending on their relative commercial bargaining power – can often be justified. Selectivity reduces the direct costs of restructuring by limiting the groups whose cooperation is needed to reach agreement. And it reduces indirect costs of restructuring by helping to keep unimpaired creditors on board with the business for the future. However, there are normative questions about the boundaries within which debtors ought to be able to make use of legal mechanisms for selective and differential treatment. Our article is the first, sustained investigation of the selective nature of corporate restructuring and the mechanisms in UK and US restructuring law that facilitate selective strategies. In the article, we review how selective strategies can be operationalized in four UK law procedures: Part 26 schemes of arrangement; Part 26A restructuring plans; company voluntary arrangements (‘CVAs’); and connected party pre-packaged administration sales. Where relevant, we draw explicit comparisons with the tools available in US chapter 11. We then develop a menu of relevant criteria to distinguish legitimate and illegitimate uses of selective strategies and map our relevant criteria onto the various UK restructuring procedures and US chapter 11, concluding with some limited suggestions for reform.

Cooking for everyone through Bande Dessinée: gender, race, and the limits of culinary democracy in Guillaume Long’s À boire et à manger

ABSTRACT On the rise since the mid-2000s, the gastronomic bande dessinée merges two quintessential French art forms—cuisine and comics—prompting inquiries into the relationship between the visual, haute cuisine, and high/low culture in the French imaginary. Among the earliest gastronomic BD artists, Guillaume Long suggests that his work ‘democratises’ France’s culinary legacy by rendering quality home cooking accessible to a greater number of individuals. This article probes the possibilities and limitations of this ideal through Long’s four-part À boire et à manger. I argue that Long accomplishes ‘democratic’ culinary access through the creative devices particular to the BD, such as closure and direct address, which construct reader participation through cooking and reading. Additionally, Long’s modelling of gender ‘play’ through his self-titled character affirms culinary participation across the gender spectrum while reinforcing masculinity as the creative norm. However, the series’ uneven treatment of non-European cooks denies their full participation in Long’s democratising project. À boire et à manger joins efforts aiming to popularise haute culture but defining participation along the lines of French/foreign, supporting agonistic political reasoning that democracy requires the constant renegotiation of the bounds of inclusion.

How unmeasured confounding in a competing risks setting can affect treatment effect estimates in observational studies

BackgroundAnalysis of competing risks is commonly achieved through a cause specific or a subdistribution framework using Cox or Fine & Gray models, respectively. The estimation of treatment effects in observational data is prone to unmeasured confounding which causes bias. There has been limited research into such biases in a competing risks framework.MethodsWe designed simulations to examine bias in the estimated treatment effect under Cox and Fine & Gray models with unmeasured confounding present. We varied the strength of the unmeasured confounding (i.e. the unmeasured variable’s effect on the probability of treatment and both outcome events) in different scenarios.ResultsIn both the Cox and Fine & Gray models, correlation between the unmeasured confounder and the probability of treatment created biases in the same direction (upward/downward) as the effect of the unmeasured confounder on the event-of-interest. The association between correlation and bias is reversed if the unmeasured confounder affects the competing event. These effects are reversed for the bias on the treatment effect of the competing event and are amplified when there are uneven treatment arms.ConclusionThe effect of unmeasured confounding on an event-of-interest or a competing event should not be overlooked in observational studies as strong correlations can lead to bias in treatment effect estimates and therefore cause inaccurate results to lead to false conclusions. This is true for cause specific perspective, but moreso for a subdistribution perspective. This can have ramifications if real-world treatment decisions rely on conclusions from these biased results. Graphical visualisation to aid in understanding the systems involved and potential confounders/events leading to sensitivity analyses that assumes unmeasured confounders exists should be performed to assess the robustness of results.

Whose voice counts? Gender, power, and epistemologies in the seminary classroom

AbstractThis article wrestles with the question “whose voice counts?” as an entrée into a discussion of the challenges students encounter in learning to value different epistemologies and that professors encounter in attempting to teach for inclusion of voices. The essay reflects on an experience teaching a graduate seminar on gender and epistemology in which students encounter challenges reflecting on readings that present theology in the form of personal narratives, rather than in a more abstract or theoretical form. Course content and genres of writing are both gendered and subject to power dynamics associated with the uneven treatment of different types of knowledge. The paper focuses primarily on the lens of gender but notes as well the intersectional nature of gender – and the ways in which the course dynamics are complicated by the race, sexuality, and even the class of the authors, students, and teacher. The paper makes two substantial arguments. First, it names a pedagogical meta‐question at the intersection of gender and pedagogy: Even when women are on the syllabus, how are educators ensuring that the epistemologies at work in their classrooms allow for equal authorial authority in the classroom? Second, the paper challenges educators to make changes in their classrooms to allow students time to engage and employ epistemologies they discuss and to see the importance of these practices for wider systemic change in institutions and society.

The return of cancer’s magic bullet

Tumour immunology has travelled a long and bumpy road. Gerard Evan examines an uneven treatment of it. Tumour immunology has travelled a long and bumpy road. Gerard Evan examines an uneven treatment of it.

Safe, sustainable… but depoliticized and uneven – A critical view of urban transport policies in France

This article offers a critical view of the contemporary urban policies undertaken in France in the name of safe, sustainable urban transport strategies. It seeks to show how a spatially and socially selective ordering is under way in French transport planning and policies by presenting an overview of research and empirical results dealing with the narratives and the implementation of these policies.Firstly, urban transport policies were analysed as narratives. Stressing users’ individual responsibility and their capacity to adopt economically rational behaviours, and conveying moral injunctions for them to adopt the ‘right’, safe, healthy, sustainable mobility behaviours, a depoliticized framing of issues characterizes these public policies. Referring to theoretical frameworks related to neoliberalisation as a rationality, our hypothesis is that a neoliberal rationality feeds these policies by ignoring a certain number of macrosocial determinants. Moreover, the use of morality works as a powerful democratic anaesthetic that dissolves any objection.Secondly, we studied how these policies, legitimated by ‘noble causes’ and depoliticized, influence the organization of traffic in the city, and to what extent they lead to a selective and uneven treatment of urban spaces. While sustainable mobility is frequently presented as a major objective in the field of urban planning for transport and travel, contemporary policies do not seek to reduce polluting modes of travel overall. They rather seek to direct them onto bypass road infrastructures to reduce their negative impacts on the city’s main sites. ‘Sustainable’ policies oppose the car only in certain spaces and for certain uses. With reference to theoretical frameworks related to the entrepreneurial mutation of urban policies, our interpretation is that these policies are part of urban marketing strategies of cities engaged in inter-urban competition processes. These policies lead to an increase in the value and attractiveness of strategic areas of the city, and tend to displace problems (cars, noise, pollution…, and deprived populations) to other parts of the urban territory.

Dealing With Selective Outrage Politics in Russia-West Relations

The paper addresses the issue of uneven treatment of the Western and the Russian actions in the world politics. The author discusses the application of international law to different situations of use of force in the recent history. The paper discusses what structures the international outrage or makes it selective. Two factors seem to play a major role. The first factor is perceived geographic proximity between certain conflict areas and those who are practicing outrage on the international arena. To illustrate, the West tends to have no problem with violations of international rules with regard to intervention or secession in Asia or Africa. The second factor of selectiveness in international outrage is an increasing emotionality of international politics. Simply speaking, emotionality implies instability of preferences, disregard for procedures and constraints: sometimes the issue is important for an actor, sometimes it is not. From textbooks and classical reading, International Relations students know that state and/or political leader and/or institutions behave rationally. Many scholars tend to admit that this rationality is bounded by time restrictions, unavailability of information or cultural differences. However, this is not exactly the case in the current international relations. There is a clear tendency to replace sober analysis of cost and benefits with the competition of who reacts quicker (“we gotta do something” approach) and to substitute fact-checking with the existing political narrative.

Failure analysis of the balance ball pin in the car steering system

Abstract A balance ball pin used in the car steering system was found broken into two pieces. An evaluation of the failed part was investigated to determine the cause of failure and assess its integrity. Mechanical properties tests of the material are conducted first. Macroscopic examinations, scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) examination, metallographic examination,hardness measurement and chemical composition analysis were all conducted. The results indicated that fatigue fracture is the main fracture mode, and the uneven quench treatment led to the inhomogeneous thickness of quench-hardened case. As a result, in the fluctuations load, microcracks along the circumferential direction emerged on the subsurface of the quench-hardened case. Moreover, due to poor assembly, the stabilizer bar didn't turn smoothly in the working and fitting surface was worn badly, where produced the large resistance, which is the main torque to the ball pin.

Blackwood's Byron: The Lakers, the Cockneys, and the ‘throne of poetical supremacy’

Blackwood's in its earliest numbers was a staunch admirer of Lord Byron. But when he published Beppo, it damned him in a June 1818 review as a hypocrite and a reveller, and thereafter the magazine lurched between celebrating him for his genius and castigating him for his perversion of it. Byron objected to the uneven treatment he received at the hands of the Blackwood's critics, but in ‘Some Observations Upon an Article in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine’ he echoes their views on several contemporary poets, and seems to reconcile himself to the exuberant unpredictability of the magazine.

Numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in an industrial continuous furnace

Abstract We present a three-dimensional computational study of the transient heat transfer and turbulent fluid flow inside an arc-welding electrode continuous furnace. The model is implemented in FLUENT, a finite volume commercial code. Large difference in the length scales of the electrodes and the furnace, movement of the electrodes, and existence of various modes of heat transfer are the major factors influencing the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation. Two modeling strategies are used to overcome these difficulties. First, the electrode geometry and material composition are simplified using a thermally equivalent model. Second, the electrode movement inside the furnace is avoided by implementing time-dependent boundary conditions applied to a fixed domain. A fairly close agreement is obtained in comparing the load’s temperature history against the experimental data with an absolute relative difference below 2.7%. The space between the electrode trays in the furnace is very limited. The analysis shows that the input air does not circulate effectively between the trays. This lowers the thermal efficiency of the furnace and leads to uneven treatment of the electrodes. The present study provides guidelines to improve future furnace designs.

Ellis, Brannon. Calvin, Classical Trinitarianism, and the Aseity of the Son. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 260 pp. $135.00 (cloth).

Ellis, Brannon. <i>Calvin, Classical Trinitarianism, and the Aseity of the Son</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 260 pp. $135.00 (cloth).