Uneven Road Research Articles

Simulation analysis of force and fatigue life of circular wheel of crawler vehicle

During loading and driving, the wheels bear the vertical load from the body mass and the excitation load generated by uneven road surface on the one hand, and bear the driving torque on the other hand. The load-bearing methods of wheels are generally divided into bottom load-bearing and top load-bearing. This paper describes the structural characteristics of the track system of the articulated track vehicle and the interaction relationship between the main components of the track system. Finite element calculation is carried out based on ANSYS software to obtain the stress distribution of each key component under various loading methods. It can be seen from the results that all key components of the track system can meet the strength and rigidity requirements; although there are also areas with large local stress, they are all within the safe range, which is mainly caused by stress concentration. Safe life is obtained through fatigue analysis.

How does heat generation affect the cut and chip wear of rubber?

AbstractTire wear is a fracture process that has a decisive impact on tire life and on the environment. When a tire rolls, a heating process occurs due to friction caused by the viscoelastic rubber sliding over uneven road. This process occurs globally in the contact patch area and locally around the asperity tips, heating the tread and transferring heat to the surrounding material. On roads with a good quality pavement, the stress, and therefore the heat, is evenly distributed throughout the rubber material of the tire, which has a direct effect on fatigue wear. In contrast, unevenly distributed stress, and therefore heat, is generated in the tread when the tire rolls and slides over sharp asperities in rough terrain. This leads to very pronounced, unstable fracture processes that cause unevenly distributed wear, known as cut and chip (CC). The extent of heat generation or temperature evolution and its effect on CC wear have not yet been investigated and described in scientific publications. Therefore, this study firstly presents the detailed characterization of the influence of temperature development on the CC wear of a styrene–butadiene rubber, which commonly is used in treads of consumer tires. The investigations were carried out using the unique instrumented cut and chip technique in combination with a high-speed thermography.

Hierarchical predictive optimal control for range extension of EV with ANN based torque control for IPMSM drives

This study presents a novel methodology to enhance the energy efficiency of Electric Vehicles (EVs) while maintaining dynamic stability and driving comfort, even on uneven roads, using onboard vehicle measurements. The approach involves a hierarchical control scheme that integrates a model predictive controller with a torque vectoring algorithm to optimize torque demand and accurately anticipate road-specific torque requirements. The proposed control is designed and implemented on an EV with Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (IPMSM) on four wheel drives. The optimal torque control is realised through an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - based motor torque control scheme. The design is validated through tests in real-world driving scenarios. In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed method shows a 37% increase in energy efficiency across different test conditions, thereby resulting in an increase in EV driving range. These advancements are realised without substantial modifications to the EV’s drivetrain, representing a significant step forward in sustainable and efficient electric mobility.

Exploring the road to public healthcare accessibility: a qualitative study to understand healthcare utilization among hard-to-reach groups in Kerala, India

BackgroundKerala, a southern state in India, is known to be atypical due to its high literacy rate and advanced social development indicators. Facing competition from a dominant private healthcare system, recent government health system reforms have focused on providing free, high-quality universal healthcare in the public sector. We carried out an analysis to ascertain the initial impacts of these measures among ‘hard to reach groups’ as part of a larger health policy and systems research study, with a focus on public sector health service utilisation.MethodsWe conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) among identified vulnerable groups across four districts of Kerala between March and August of 2022. The FGDs explored community perspectives on the use of public healthcare facilities including enablers and barriers to healthcare access. Transliterated English transcripts were coded using ATLAS.ti software and thematically analyzed using the AAAQ framework, supplemented with inductive code generation.ResultsA total of 34 FGDs were conducted. Availability and cost-effectiveness were major reasons for choosing public healthcare, with the availability of public insurance in inpatient facilities influencing this preference. However, accessibility of public sector facilities posed challenges due to long journeys and queues. Uneven roads and the non-availability of public transport further restricted access. Gaps in acceptability were also observed: participants noted the need for the availability of special treatments available, reduced waiting times for special groups like those from tribal communities or the elderly mindful of their relatively greater travel and need for prompt care. Although quality improvements resulting from health reform measures were acknowledged, participants articulated the need for further enhancements in the availability and accessibility of services so as to make public healthcare systems truly acceptable.ConclusionThe ‘Kerala Model of Development’ has been applauded internationally for its success in recent years. However, this has not inured the state from the typical barriers to public sector health care use articulated by participants in the study, which match global evidence. In order to deepen the impact of public sector reforms, the state must try to meet service user expectations– especially among those left behind. This requires attention to quality, timeliness, outreach and physical access. Longer term impacts of these reforms – as we move to a post-COVID scenario - should also be evaluated.

Numerical Prediction of Ride Comfort of Tracked Vehicle Equipped with Novel Flexible Road Wheels

Enhancing ride comfort has always constituted a crucial focus in the design and research of modern tracked vehicles, heavily reliant on the driving system’s performance. While the road wheel is a key component of the driving system, traditional road wheels predominantly adopt a solid structure, exhibiting subpar adhesion performance and damping effects, thereby falling short of meeting the demands for high-speed, stable, and long-distance driving in tracked vehicles. Addressing this issue, this paper proposes a novel type of flexible road wheel (FRW) characterized by a catenary construction. The study investigates the ride comfort of tracked vehicles equipped with flexible road wheels by integrating finite element and vehicle dynamic. First, three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of both flexible and rigid road wheels are established, considering material and contact nonlinearities. These models are validated through a wheel radial loading test. Based on the validated FE model, the paper uncovers the relationship between load and radial deformation of the road wheel, forming the basis for a nonlinear mathematical model. Subsequently, a half-car model of a tracked vehicle with seven degrees of freedom is established using Newton’s second law. A random road model, considering the track effect and employing white noise, is constructed. The study concludes by examining the ride comfort of tracked vehicles equipped with flexible and rigid road wheels under various speeds and road grades. The results demonstrate that, in comparison to the rigid road wheel (RRW), the flexible road wheel enhances the ride comfort of tracked vehicles on randomly uneven roads. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the implementation of flexible road wheels in tracked vehicles.

ANALISIS KESELAMATAN JALAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN AUDIT KESELAMATAN JALAN PADA JALAN LOKAL DI KOTA TEGAL

Jalan Sultan Hasanudin – KH. Abdul Ghoni, which is located in Tegal City, Central Java, is a road with a secondary local function which is an alternative way to get to primary roads. By being an alternative road, this road section must meet adequate road safety standards. To improve traffic safety, it is necessary to carry out a road safety audit. This research aims to see the level of road safety in Tegal City, specifically on the Jalan Sultan Hasanudin - Jalan KH section. Abdul Ghoni. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative obtained from the Hawkeye survey and processed using the Hawkeye processing toolkit software to analyze the data. The research results show that the Sultan Hasanudin – KH. Abdul Ghoni, in the aspect of road equipment facilities, there are 7 road equipment facilities in a damaged condition, in the aspect of the level of road unevenness in the medium category it has a percentage of 45% of the total length of the section, and for the aspect of the transverse slope on the Jl. Sultan Hasanuddin – KH. Abdul Ghoni has not met the standard for the transverse slope of asphalt pavement. Improved safety on the Jl. Sultan Hasanudin carried out further handling and improvements to road equipment and road pavement facilities, so that the Jl. Sultan Hasanuddin – KH. Abdul Ghoni does not have the potential to cause traffic accidents due to deficiencies in road infrastructure or dangerous road conditions.

Evaluation of ride quality in a passenger car with non-uniform tyre radial stiffness

This study is dedicated to examining the influence of varying radial stiffness along the circumference of tyres on a road vehicle ride quality and with a specific focus on aspects relevant to maintenance. Computer simulations employing a three-dimensional road-vehicle model, developed within commercial multi-body software, were conducted to explore the multifaceted factors influencing vehicle behaviour. These factors encompass road unevenness, driving speed, and the range of radial force variation resulting from harmonic changes in tire radial stiffness. Furthermore, simulation tests were carried out using a model of a diagnostic wheel balancing machine, which holds significance in vehicle maintenance practices. Measurements obtained from a passenger car equipped with standard tires with minimal non-uniformity, served as reference values for assessing the car's vibration levels. Additionally, selected scenarios were examined, involving vehicle with multiple wheels exhibiting non-uniform radial stiffness. The findings underscore that non-uniform radial stiffness can magnify the detrimental effects of road irregularities, potentially leading to amplified vibration levels and a heightened need for maintenance considerations.

Measurement and optimization of nonlinear damping systems for agricultural engineering vehicle cab

The issue of nonlinear dampness in the cab of agricultural engineering vehicles is examined by analyzing the vibration reduction system of a specific agricultural loader. Firstly, the specific loader was tested under different conditions. Then, the nonlinear vibration reduction system model of the cab–seat–human body is established by using the measured frame vibration signal as input. Finally, the multi–objective genetic algorithm is used to optimize the root mean square (RMS) value of vertical acceleration of the cab and seat. The test results show that the seat vibration is significantly greater than the acceleration of the cab floor under driving and working conditions, so the seat vibration is amplified and the seat parameter setting is unreasonable; the engine and the working device are also an important part of the cab vibration source, in addition to the uneven road surface. Comparing the RMS values of the vertical acceleration of the cab and seat, which were calculated by the model and obtained from the vehicle test, the error does not exceed 6%, indicating that the model’s accuracy meets the requirement. The vehicle experiment proves that the RMS value of the vertical acceleration of the cab and seat is reduced by 16% and 53%, respectively, after optimization. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of the damping system for the cab of agricultural engineering vehicles.

O2SAT: Object-Oriented-Segmentation-Guided Spatial-Attention Network for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) strive to adapt to the specific characteristics of sustainable urban environments. Accurate 3D object detection with LiDAR is paramount for autonomous driving. However, existing research predominantly relies on the 3D object-based assumption, which overlooks the complexity of real-world road environments. Consequently, current methods experience performance degradation when targeting only local features and overlooking the intersection of objects and road features, especially in uneven road conditions. This study proposes a 3D Object-Oriented-Segmentation Spatial-Attention (O2SAT) approach to distinguish object points from road points and enhance the keypoint feature learning by a channel-wise spatial attention mechanism. O2SAT consists of three modules: Object-Oriented Segmentation (OOS), Spatial-Attention Feature Reweighting (SFR), and Road-Aware 3D Detection Head (R3D). OOS distinguishes object and road points and performs object-aware downsampling to augment data by learning to identify the hidden connection between landscape and object; SFR performs weight augmentation to learn crucial neighboring relationships and dynamically adjust feature weights through spatial attention mechanisms, which enhances the long-range interactions and contextual feature discrimination for noise suppression, improving overall detection performance; and R3D utilizes refined object segmentation and optimized feature representations. Our system forecasts prediction confidence into existing point-backbones. Our method’s effectiveness and robustness across diverse datasets (KITTI) has been demonstrated through vast experiments. The proposed modules seamlessly integrate into existing point-based frameworks, following a plug-and-play approach.

Dynamic Load Analysis of Mine-Truck Using Multibody Dynamic Analysis Method

Abstract: Vehicle load distributed on front & rear axle assembly during various working conditions is one of the most important factors influencing working performance and service life of drive axle assembly. The dynamic load on axle assembly is higher compared to the rated load because of variations in vehicle speed and road surface conditions. Early failure of structural components is caused because of higher dynamic reaction forces due to uneven road profiles. The dynamic load calculation of axle assembly is presented in this paper for a Mine-truck with various road conditions and vehicle speeds. The road load conditions consist of grade, bump & path hole. Mine-truck with payload capacities of 63 Ton is considered for the study. The behaviour of vertical force is calculated for different vehicle speeds (3 - 12 km/hr.) of the machine on the front & rear axle assembly during running conditions. Multi-body dynamic Analysis tool ADAMS is used for this study. ADAMS helps to study the dynamics of moving parts and load distribution throughout mechanical systems during motion. The Mine-truck3D model was created with the help of computer-aided design (CAD) software. Major units of Mine trucks are considered to prepare 3D models like Cabin-engine mass, Bucket, front axle assembly, rear Axle assembly & tires. Multi-body vehicle models are prepared in simulation software ADAMS by importing 3D models prepared by computer-aided design (CAD) software. This provides guidelines for selecting dynamic load factors while designing structural parts of the vehicle.

Intelligent Tire Prototype in Longitudinal Slip Operating Conditions.

With the recent advances in autonomous vehicles, there is an increasing need for sensors that can help monitor tire-road conditions and the forces that are applied to the tire. The footprint area of a tire that makes direct contact with the road surface, known as the contact patch, is a key parameter for determining a vehicle's effectiveness in accelerating, braking, and steering at various velocities. Road unevenness from features such as potholes and cracks results in large fluctuations in the contact patch surface area. Such conditions can eventually require the driver to perform driving maneuvers unorthodox to normal traffic patterns, such as excessive pedal depressions or large steering inputs, which can escalate to hazards such as the loss of control or impact. The integration of sensors into the inner liner of a tire has proven to be a promising method for extracting real-time tire-to-road contact patch interface data. In this research, a tire model is developed using Abaqus/CAE and analyzed using Abaqus/Explicit to study the nonlinear behavior of a rolling tire. Strain variations are investigated at the contact patch in three major longitudinal slip driving scenarios, including acceleration, braking, and free-rolling. Multiple vertical loading conditions on the tire are applied and studied. An intelligent tire prototype called KU-iTire is developed and tested to validate the strain results obtained from the simulations. Similar operating and loading conditions are applied to the physical prototype and the simulation model such that valid comparisons can be made. The experimental investigation focuses on the effectiveness of providing usable and reliable tire-to-road contact patch strain variation data under several longitudinal slip operating conditions. In this research, a correlation between FEA and experimental testing was observed between strain shape for free-rolling, acceleration, and braking conditions. A relationship between peak longitudinal strain and vertical load in free-rolling driving conditions was also observed and a correlation was observed between FEA and physical testing.

Rack force fault tolerance estimation of steer-by-wire system under different resolver faults based on sensor flows

In the context of vehicle intelligence, steer-by-wire (SbW) has great potential for development and has become a current research hotspot. The key challenge for SbW systems is to obtain the nonlinear rack force generated by tire-road interaction, which is the source of the driver's real steering feel and the main disturbance of steering angle tracking control. Existing rack force estimators either are only suitable for non-aggressive steering or assume that the measured signals are reliable. This paper proposes a high-precision rack force estimation algorithm that is robust to primary sensor faults of a SbW system. Further, a rack force estimator based on the established high-order SbW mechanism model is designed, and a detailed stability proof and feedback gain selection guidance are given. The resolver sensor model is provided and analyzed, and a fault detection method based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and data fusion is developed, which has good real-time performance and high accuracy. The performance of rack force estimator was verified and compared by simulations and hardware-in-loop (HIL) experiments with various steering maneuvers and different resolver faults. The experiment results show that the proposed rack force estimation method can not only effectively improve the estimation accuracy even in aggressive steering condition and uneven road profiles, but also achieve accurate estimation of the rack force in the case of resolver faults. The proposed method obtains high-precision and high-reliability rack force estimation results while being easily embedded applied in engineering practice.

Effect of Shock Absorber Friction on Vehicle Vertical Dynamics

<div>In order to efficiently predict and investigate a vehicle’s vertical dynamics, it is necessary to consider the suspension component properties holistically. Although the effects of suspension stiffness and damping characteristics on vertical dynamics are widely understood, the impact of suspension friction in various driving scenarios has rarely been studied in both simulation and road tests for several decades.</div> <div>The present study addresses this issue by performing driving tests using a special device that allows a modification of the shock absorber or damper friction, and thus the suspension friction to be modified independently of other suspension parameters. Initially, its correct functioning is verified on a shock absorber test rig. A calibration and application routine is established in order to assign definite additional friction forces at high reproducibility levels.</div> <div>The device is equipped in a medium-class passenger vehicle, which is driven on various irregular road sections as well as over single obstacles. For all tested road sections, a linear decrease of ride comfort in terms of specific relevant vertical objective values is found by increasing the friction force. This emphasizes a definite link between suspension friction and vertical vehicle body vibration, resulting in a negative impact on vertical ride comfort. However, the longitudinal vehicle body vibration is not significantly affected.</div> <div>The relevance of friction in terms of transmitting the energy associated with road unevenness to the chassis in the frequency range of the chassis’ natural frequency is found to be remarkably high on smooth roads, and still considerably high on bumpy roads. The chassis and wheel resonance frequencies are significantly friction-dependent due to the damper’s slip or stick states. The results obtained from smooth road tests demonstrate the practical relevance of accurately considering friction for the given suspension type in terms of vertical ride comfort prediction.</div>

Effects of Pitch Stabilization Buffer on the Dynamic Performance of Frame-Type Landing Gear

During the landing and taxiing process of aircraft, the frame-type landing gear (FTLG) usually generates large pitch vibrations under external excitation. Excessive vibration increases localized loads on the landing gear, which may lead to localized failure of the structure. To minimize this undesirable vibration, a passive oil–pneumatic pitch-stabilizing buffer (PSB) is designed in this paper to provide pitch damping. This paper applies the basic principles of dynamics to establish a dynamic model of FTLG considering the influence of PSB. And based on the design of experiments (DOE) method, by changing the filling parameters and structural parameters of PSB, the results of the changes of the frame vibration angle, angular velocity, and landing gear load are obtained, so as to analyze the effects of different parameters on the dynamic performance of the landing gear in the landing and taxiing process. The results demonstrate that increasing the oil damping coefficient of PSB and decreasing the installation angle of PSB on the main strut during the landing period resulted in less frame vibration and lower wheelset load ratios, but increased the landing overloads of landing gears. In the taxiing phase, increasing the PSB air spring stiffness can effectively reduce the frame vibration caused by the uneven road surface. The PSB structural parameters have little effect on the dynamic performance of FTLG.

Assessing patient transport conditions during ambulance transit.

Emergency ambulances play a vital role in medical rescue and patient transportation, but their transit can impact patient health due to vehicle dynamic forces and vibrations. This study evaluates patient transport conditions on a stretcher subjected to vertical vibration excitation from road unevenness. Using an eight-degree-of-freedom numerical model, we analyze the construction parameters of a medical stretcher's support and vehicle suspension. Actual experimental data from an emergency vehicle were utilized to assess the vibration conditions experienced by both the stretcher and the ambulance floor. The model is adjusted based on measurements, specifically targeting the main vibration modes. The investigation involves determining temporal responses for vertical accelerations and characterizing vibration modal parameters under various transportation conditions. Notably, several system natural frequencies fall within the range of human body frequencies, making them susceptible to mechanical excitation, particularly in the human neck, abdomen, and spine. A sensitivity analysis underscores the influence of medical stretcher support structure parameters on patient comfort. Increasing support stiffness, which alters the stretcher's natural frequency, and damping coefficient reduce vibration propagation between the vehicle and the patient. Additionally, the research predicts the model's dynamic behavior on roads with low-quality pavement, indicating vibrational amplitudes that could potentially be discomforting and unhealthy for individuals. The study illustrates a vibration exposure period on a class E road, revealing that transportation longer than 25 min may cause damage to patient health.

Impedance control for a Stewart‐structure‐based wheel‐legged robotic system in wheel motion

SummaryAn impedance control scheme is proposed for a Stewart‐structure‐based wheel‐legged robotic system to strengthen the dynamic attitude adjustment stability in wheel motion. The wheel‐leg, which is driven by electrical cylinders in the Stewart structure, is analyzed in kinematics and dynamics. The rotation in the axial direction of every electric cylinder is calculated to improve the accuracy of the kinematic model. To fulfill the impedance demands, a passive structure with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) is modeled. The mass of the mechanism has a coupling effect on the impedance model for each DOF, which is a nonlinear function. As motion decoupling in the workspace has been completed for the Stewart structure, an impedance control strategy with inner‐loop position tracking is employed. An extended state observer (ESO) is designed to estimate the disturbances arising from the nonlinear coupling effects. Based on the ESO observation outputs, an active disturbance rejection control that explicitly handles the workspace limit is designed with guaranteed practical stability. By reducing force interaction and body vibration, the wheel‐legged robotic system keeps wheel motion stability on uneven roads. Multiple comparative experimental results are presented to validate the stability and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Design of Driver Seat in Automobile Car

Driver seat in the automobile is an important system. There are so many parts in the driver seat which made it a complicated system. Adjustments as well as safety systems. A seat adjustment includes height adjustment, fore and aft adjustment, back recline adjustments. Safety systems include seat belts, air bags and advanced head restraints. Generally professional driver works more than eight hours per day of a week, therefore driver seat must be designed by considering all the parameters. Also uneven road condition induces the vibration in a vehicle transmitted to driver body. Poorly designed driver seat affects the driver health and psychological conditions of mind. Three main objectives of any driver seats are safety, health and comfort of driver. This paper presents all the parameters of driver seat such as anthropometry of human, ergonomics related parameters, seat materials, safety related parameters, comfort related parameters as well as weight and aesthetics with classifications and basics of driver seat.

Efektifitas Penggunaan Gerobak Sorong Bermesin Model Track untuk Mengangkut Buah Sawit di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin

Transportation of oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) from the plantation to the harvest collection point (HCP) must be done as quickly as possible. This is due to an increase in free fatty acids after the FFB is harvested. Some of the obstacles found were the FFB transportation equipment which was not yet capable of reaching the fruit in the garden easily and the transportation time which was quite long due to the uneven road conditions. With technological advances and the rapid development of innovation, the discovery of track model wheelbarrows that use a driving engine means that further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of these transport machines. In this research, we will compare wheelbarrows without engines and wheelbarrows with track models, there are 3 (three) treatments given, namely on flat roads, bumpy roads and damaged roads. Researchers search for and collect data on transport capacity, transport load, transport speed and transport costs. The results of this research show that carrying capacity and road conditions have a effect on travel time and speed. This is due to the ability/power of the machine which is quite large and stable in transporting fruit. and, other results from this research show that the use of motorized wheelbarrows can reduce transportation costs because the transportation speed increases so that the travel time is shorter.

Design, Analysis, and Optimization of Off-Highway Rear Dump Truck Chassis Frame Rail Profile Using Design Exploration and Finite Element Analysis Technique

<div>During mining material hauling, the chassis frame structure of rear dump trucks is subjected to fatigue loading due to uneven road conditions. This loading often leads to crack propagation in the frame rails, necessitating the determination of stresses in the critical zone during the design stage to ensure structural integrity. In this study, a computer-aided engineering (CAE) methodology is employed to size and select the rectangular profile cross section of the chassis frame rail. A detailed design investigation of the chassis frame is conducted to assess its load resistance, structural flexibility, and weld joint fatigue life under critical stresses arising from combined bending and torsion loads. The optimization process aims to determine the optimal rail size and material thickness, striking a balance between minimizing mass and maximizing structural reliability. By achieving this, the risk of major structural failures during the transportation of large payloads can be significantly reduced. To address the demand for extended structural life and reduced chassis frame weight, the frame rail cross section is optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) implemented within the ANSYS software package. This optimization process is facilitated by utilizing design exploration studies and finite element analysis (FEA) techniques to understand how stress affects the chassis frame of a vehicle when it is subjected to combined bending and torsion load case. To do this, the research study used a combination of analytical calculations, mathematical modeling, and design exploration studies.</div> <div>The research findings highlight the effectiveness of combining empirical approaches with modern CAE tools, enabling engineers to design and analyze complex structures with optimized sizes and weights suitable for off-highway mining applications.</div> <div>Through the utilization of this integrated approach, significant advancements can be made in enhancing the structural performance and efficiency of chassis frame structures in the demanding off-highway mining industry.</div>

Efektifitas Penggunaan Gerobak Sorong Bermesin Model Track Untuk Mengangkut Buah Sawit Di Kabupaten Banyuasin

Transportation of oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) from the plantation to the harvest collection point (TPH) must be done as quickly as possible. This is due to an increase in free fatty acids after the FFB is harvested. Some of the obstacles found were the FFB transportation equipment which was not yet capable of reaching the fruit in the garden easily and the transportation time which was quite long due to the uneven road conditions. With technological advances and the rapid development of innovation, the discovery of track model wheelbarrows that use a driving engine means that further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of these transport machines. In this research, we will compare wheelbarrows without engines and wheelbarrows with track models, there are 3 (three) treatments given, namely on flat roads, bumpy roads and damaged roads. Researchers search for and collect data on transport capacity, transport load, transport speed and transport costs. The results of this research show that carrying capacity and road conditions have a effect on travel time and speed. This is due to the ability/power of the machine which is quite large and stable in transporting fruit. and, other results from this research show that the use of motorized wheelbarrows can reduce transportation costs because the transportation speed increases so that the travel time is shorter.