Uneven Economic Development Research Articles

Analysis of the Development and Influencing Factors of the County Economy in Liaoning Province

County economy is an important component of China’s national economy, and its development helps promote new urbanization and narrow the urban-rural economic gap. Liaoning Province relies on developing its county-level economy to promote industrial upgrading, poverty alleviation, rural revitalization and social development. In recent years, the development level of the county economy in Liaoning Province has significantly improved, but there are still problems, such as uneven economic development. Studying the development path of the county-level economy in Liaoning Province has practical significance. Based on the background of the new normal of China’s economy, this article analyzes the current development status, influencing factors and problems and challenges faced by the county-level economy in Liaoning Province and proposes countermeasures and suggestions for further promoting the development of the county-level economy.

Effect of gasoline prices on urban air quality: Evidence from China new vehicle registrations

The emissions from motor vehicle are increasingly becoming a major source of urban air pollution in China. This study examines the impact of fuel price on expected new vehicle prices based on a hedonic valuation model. Utilizing monthly panel data from Chinese cities and employing panel ordinary least squares regression and mediation effect models, this paper finds the effects of fuel price fluctuations on new vehicle registrations and air pollution. Empirical findings indicate that rising gasoline prices lead to an improvement in urban air quality by reducing the number of new vehicle registrations. The study categorizes vehicle engine displacement into five levels, revealing that higher gasoline prices prompt residents to reduce purchases of medium-displacement vehicles and shift to small-displacement vehicles, while the impact on the registration of larger-displacement vehicles is less pronounced. The purchase tax exemption for new small-displacement vehicles has a moderating effect. Considering China's uneven economic development, the influence of gasoline prices on new vehicle registrations gradually diminishes as regional residents' incomes rise. Gasoline prices are used by regulators to guide the restructuring of vehicle consumption, thereby helping to mitigate urban environmental problems.

A dataset of high energy-consuming industrial products in the ASEAN during 2012–2021

The uneven energy distribution and economic development levels of the countries in the ASEAN region have led to the uncoordinated distribution of high-energy-consuming industries in the region. It is extremely important to timely obtain the spatial distribution pattern of high energy-intensive industries. In this paper, on the basis of the 375m high spatial and temporal resolution NPP-VIIRS active fire point data and vector data density segmentation algorithms, we produced a dataset of high energy-consuming industrial products in the ASEAN during 2012–2021. This dataset covers valuable information, such as latitude and longitude of industrial heat sources data, administrative region to which they belong, and the year of operation start and end, etc. It can provide scientific data support for energy distribution and economic development in the region, as well as decision-making support for its cooperation with China for further development.

Interethnic relations: a methodology for studying interethnic interactio

The movement of Kazakhstani society towards a new quality of life along the path of development of world civilization is impossible without internal stability and consolidation, preservation and strengthening of inter-ethnic harmony at all levels of relations. The scientific research is focused on the study of interethnic interac-tion, prevention of interethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan and their prevention through institutional regulation mechanisms, which in our opinion is one of the most effective ways to form tolerant attitudes, values of soli-darity and mutual respect. In conditions of continuing social and cultural distance, uneven and unstable eco-nomic development, disproportionate composition of ethnic groups, increasing marginalization of society, it becomes an important task to maintain and strengthen peaceful integration processes, create and preserve harmonious relations between representatives of various ethnic groups and ethnic communities. The problem of interethnic relations is the sphere of scientific interests of various sciences, schools and directions. Inter-ethnic relations are considered as a system in which a set of elements with different shares can be, on the one hand, united, but at the same time opposed to each other. This is a complex social process, including intercul-tural and interethnic communications, cooperation in the field of interethnic relations. When analyzing the sphere of interethnic relations, the focus is on the actions, courses of action, and behavior of people of differ-ent nationalities, with special importance given to attitudes and values that reflect the facts of consciousness of interethnic interaction and communication.

Peranan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam memediasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi indeks pembangunan manusia

Provincial HDI data in 2022 shows striking disparities between regions. This figure shows the uneven economic development in Indonesia. An analysis of factors that can influence HDI is needed. This research aims to analyze the influence of regional finan-cial performance and capital expenditure on HDI with economic growth as an inter-vening variable. The sample used in this research was 34 provinces that met the research criteria. The variables used in this research are regional financial performance, capital expenditure, economic growth, and HDI. Financial performance and capital expenditure are exogenous variables, economic growth is an intervening variable, and HDI is an endogenous variable. The method used to analyze the relationship between variables is SEM PLS. The test results show that financial performance, capital expenditure and economic growth directly have a positive significant effect on HDI. The results of this test have the implication that to improve the quality of life of the population, attention is needed to improve financial performance, capital expenditure and economic growth in each region. The other test results showed that economic growth was able to mediate the effect of capital expenditure on HDI but was not able to mediate the effect of financial performance on HDI.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketimpangan Pendapatan Antar Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2010-2018

The high level of income inequality in D.I Yogyakarta shows the existence of uneven economic development. This study aims to analyze the effect of per capita GRDP, total population, and general allocation funds in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study uses a fixed effect model (FEM) analysis method with secondary data in the form of panel data consisting of cross-sectional data from 5 districts/cities and time-series data from 2010 to 2018. The data is processed with Eviews 10. The results of the study indicate that the GRDP per capita variable has a significant effect on income inequality in D.I Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, the variables of Population and General Allocation Funds show insignificant results on the level of income inequality in D.I Yogyakarta

Understanding the impact and driver of digital divide to support rural development policy: a review

Abstract Rural development requires the internet and digital technologies for sustainable development. There is ample evidence that rural communities have less contact with the internet and digital technologies than urban communities. This digital divide will hinder development. Therefore, efforts to bridge the digital divide are essential for better development policies. On the other hand, studies on impacts and the factors that drive this gap have not been explored. This study aims to explain the digital gap’s impacts and its causal factors in rural development. This research is a narrative review of 16 articles from reliable sources such as scopus.com. The results of the literature review are summarized to answer research questions. The study found that the digital divide impacts rural socio-economy, rural socio-culture, rural socio-politics, and rural environments. This study’s drivers of the digital divide include demographics, human resource capabilities, geographical conditions, limited infrastructure, internet networks, uneven economic development, and policy failure. The impacts and drivers of the digital gap described in this study contribute to some of our efforts to bridge the digital divide while providing insights for future research.

Asymmetry of the economic development of the Eurasian Economic Union: analysis and recommendations

The article analyses the asymmetry of the development of the Eurasian Economic Union countries (hereinafter referred to as the EAEU). The objective of the work is to analyse the symmetrical development of countries within the framework of the EAEU and to formulate measures and recommendations for increase of the economic potential of the countries. In order to achieve the purpose, the objective of comparative assessment on the basis of three indicators was set and overcome. The three indicators include gross domestic product per capita, investments per capita and average accrued salary. The corresponding calculations were done for each indicator, and graphs were constructed showing the general state of the economic development. During the study, the methods of factor and system analysis were applied. The initial data for the study were the official sources of the statistical authorities of the EAEU countries, the Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States as well as publications and scientific articles related to this topic. The main problem is the uneven economic development of the EAEU member states which leads to negative consequences for strengthening the integration process. As a result of the study, some measures were proposed to achieve the symmetrical development of the countries within the framework of the EAEU, and recommendations were prepared for the effective development of interaction between the member countries of the integration association. Following the results of this work, a conclusion was formulated on strengthening ties between the countries by focusing on a mixed economy with government regulation, infrastructure development and increased investment activity.

Choosing American Colleges from Afar

Chinese students studying abroad have been increasing rapidly in the past decades and become a significant financial contribution to receiving countries. Accordingly, understanding their enrollment choice is essential to facilitate college marketing and admission strategies. Though the decision process is believed to be different from domestic students, empirical analysis on Chinese students’ enrollment choice is still lacking. This paper fills the void by examining the influential factors of Chinese students’ enrollment choice with novel student-level data. We find that in addition to factors domestic students typically consider, Chinese students particularly emphasize college ranking, reputation, and location in their decision process. Furthermore, unlike domestic students usually preferring colleges with proximity to home, Chinese students’ location preference is linked to job prosperity. We also find that the impact of the factors varies for students from different regions of China, which can be attributable to uneven economic development within the country.

ECONOMIC INEQUALITY OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLAND, SPAIN AND UKRAINE

The current work analyzes uneven regional economic development in Poland, Spain and Ukraine. It was determined that the unevenness of the economic development of the regions of the studied countries can be assessed by comparing statistical indicators, namely the index of the unevenness of the economic development of the countries, the dynamics of changes in the population of the studied countries and the comparison of regional economic statistics, in particular the indicators of the gross regional product. In order to identify the unevenness of regional economic development and justify the possible ways of their smoothing or levelling, the article uses such integral indicators as the coefficient of variation or Williamson’s coefficient of variation, weighted coefficient of variation, relative mean deviation and Theil Index. The study of the indicated indicators made it possible to reveal contradictions in their analysis and the need to calculate additional indicators, as well as the influence of factors of direct and indirect influence on the economic unevenness of the regional development of the studied European countries.

A spatial econometric investigation into road traffic accessibility and economic growth: insights from the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle

A prevailing question in contemporary transport research queries the contribution of transport infrastructure investment to regional and local economic growth. Notably, the benefits under consideration extend beyond travel-time savings to possible additional developmental benefits. Centering on the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle, this study sheds light on this issue. It presents a comprehensive approach involving economic, investment, and political-institutional conditions, and underscores their synergistic operation in eliciting measurable economic benefits. We delve into the effects of road traffic accessibility on economic growth in 2019, using accessibility indicators integrated into a spatial econometric model. Our research relied on robust indicators of road traffic accessibility, transportation investments, and economic outputs from the Chengdu-Chongqing region. The study demonstrates that the road traffic network’s development level is higher in the central area compared to the peripheral regions. Further, it reveals an uneven economic development distribution within the circle. Moreover, the spatial effect of road traffic on economic growth surfaces as an error term spatial interaction effect, highlighting accessibility’s pivotal role. Factors like industrial infrastructure, labor force, and new economic geography also significantly affect growth. To wrap up, we discuss the broader implications of our findings. We suggest a stronger connection between road transportation and economic growth and stress the need to enhance the supporting economic environment. Our findings have broader implications, guiding policy and planning in other urban economic circles.

The Black Sea Regional Security and Geostrategy Balance: A “New Cold War” Scenario

The Black Sea region is increasingly becoming a priority on the international agenda. In fact, a regional approach is emerging as actors understand that common problems need to be addressed jointly. Nevertheless, cooperation efforts are hampered by a number of factors, such as uneven economic and political development within and among countries, nationalist forces, and longstanding animosities between regional players. In this context, it is imperative to foster sound policies aimed at strengthening dialogue and cooperation so as to contain and ultimately resolve conflicts with peaceful means. However, there is little policy-oriented research on the challenges and opportunities for cooperation in the Black Sea region. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of terrorism and its dangers towards the Black Sea region. The work also describes the significance of international terrorism and its general definitions. Besides, the result and findings are based on theoretical studies and assumptions and the result of the analysis of the “Case Study” of the Black Sea region. Case study examines how the Black Sea region influences the spread of terrorism and what threats it poses for this region. Furthermore, the aspects of what makes the region important on international arena are analyzed and the existent and potential security issues are examined, as well as strategic importance of the region for the EU and NATO is analyzed even from academic framework – “Securitization” theory (Buzan, Wæver, De Wilde, 1998). The theory is based on security studies conceptual background and the background spectrum includes: the Copenhagen School and Critical security studies as the type (Ondrejcsak, 2014). Moreover, the Black Sea regional security and geopolitics are to be reviewed and scrutinized in several modalities in aegis of the Securitization theory, like military and economic sectors. The hypothesis provides provision that the Black Sea regional security has already became indispensable part of the contemporary international security system and determines tendency in geostrategic balance at global level. In addition to that the Black Sea Region has to contend with numerous threats of a conventional and non-conventional kind. These hard and soft security problems make the region volatile, insecure and unstable. That is why the region is very vital for inter-governmental organizations, dealing with military security (NATO case) and local actors in case of Georgia’s national security.

МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ НЕРІВНОМІРНОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ

Trends in the development of the world economic system reflect the unevenness and heterogeneity of the formation of the main macroeconomic indicators of individual countries and regions at a given time. This contributes to the division of countries into economies of І, ІІ, ІІІ levels in turn. These differences were formed historically on the basis of natural-geographical, climatic, historical-cultural and socio-cultural factors and determined the emergence of the international division of labor. Using the methods of analogies, system analysis, historical analysis, chronology and synthesis, this article conducted a study to determine the causes of uneven economic development of national economies and search for options to overcome it, respectively. It has been established that natural-geographical, historical-cultural and climatic factors are not dominant in determining the causes of differences in GDP growth at a given time. This is taken into account, but is not decisive, since the economies of most countries are open compared to the middle of the 20th century. The determining factors are such factors as the availability of qualified personnel, the development of the scientific and technical complex and the possibility of external technology transfer, supported by appropriate national policies in the field of scientific, educational and technical development of the country. This approach makes it possible to significantly expand the production capabilities of a single country, as well as partially or completely move some of its production to countries with cheaper labor. An example of such a symbiosis of government policy in the field of science, education, technology and production can be the Chinese economy. But these trends are determined not so much by the presence of prerequisites for their development, but by such socio-cultural factors as the mentality of the population of a particular country. It is this factor, against the background of natural-geographical and historical-cultural features, that comes to the fore when determining the vector of economic development of a particular country.

An economic geography approach to the implementation of circular economy – comparing three examples of industry-specific networks in West Sweden

Purpose The circular economy (CE) has been endorsed as representing a model that is able to achieve environmental protection through decreased use of raw materials, together with changing economic values and social inclusion thanks to its demand for a wide variety of skill profiles. This has motivated many policy initiatives to support the implementation of the CE. The purpose of this study is to follow such policy initiatives in three geographically anchored industry-specific networks. Design/methodology/approach The study contributes to the research debate on the CE through a spatial approach with a focus on how the implementation of the CE is conditioned by spatial and regional contexts. The authors investigate three different networks in Sweden for CE with different locations and industrial profiles. Findings The findings reveal the difficulty that exist in relation to the implementation of the CE. The network and support functions in combination with private industry are vital. The risk of sustaining an uneven regional economic development is evident. Originality/value Although research on the development of the CE has proliferated, geographical approaches to this development are comparably rare to date. The authors seek to contextualise the strategy development and policy implementation of a CE policy.

Trends and prediction in the incidence rate of hepatitis C in Shandong Province in China from 2004 to 2030

BackgroundHepatitis C threatens human health and brings a heavy economic burden. Shandong Province is the second most populous province in China and has uneven regional economic development. Therefore, we analyzed the incidence rate trend and regional differences of hepatitis C in Shandong Province from 2004 to 2021. MethodsThe monthly and annual incidence rates of hepatitis C in Shandong Province from 2022 to 2030 were predicted by fitting Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and ARIMA-LSTM combined model. ResultsFrom 2004 to 2021, annual new cases of hepatitis C in Shandong Province increased from 635 to 5834, with a total of 61,707 cases. The incidence rate increased from 0.69/100 thousand in 2004 to 6.40/100 thousand in 2019, with a slight decrease in 2020 and 2021. The average annual incidence rate was 3.47/100 thousand. In terms of regional distribution, the hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province was generally high in the west and low in the east. It is estimated that the hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province will be 9.21 per 100 thousand in 2030. ConclusionThe hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2019 and a decreasing trend in 2020 and 2021. Significant regional variations in incidence rate existed. An upward trend in incidence rate is predicted from 2022 to 2030. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of hepatitis C to achieve the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030.

The Juridical Impact of the Implementation of the Paradigm Regarding the Determination of the National Capital (IKN) of the Archipelago as an Asymmetric Region

The relocation of the National Capital (IKN) of the archipelago to Kalimantan reaped pros and cons from the community. However, as a democratic country, when the State has decided to move the National Capital (IKN) of the archipelago with a democratic process through law, all components of the nation should support it. The Indonesian nation needs to minimize the excesses of moving the National Capital (IKN) of the Archipelago. There is no single decision that satisfies all people, but decisions that provide greater benefits to the Indonesian nation must be supported as a form of love and devotion for the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. The results showed that and obstacles in determining the National Capital (IKN) of the archipelago as an asymmetric area as described in the discussion were imbalance, injustice, regional conflicts, coordination and integration, resource management, inadequate infrastructure, availability of public services, uneven economic development, lack of investment and private sector development, complex interagency coordination, and social and cultural change. And there is no concrete case study regarding the implementation of the National Capital (IKN) of the archipelago as an asymmetric area because this plan is still in the planning and discussion stage.

The influence of school climate on teachers' job satisfaction: The mediating role of teachers' self-efficacy.

Improving the job satisfaction of vocational education teachers (VET) is necessary for maintaining the stability of the vocational education teaching force and is an essential support for enhancing the professional attractiveness and ensuring the quality of VET. Unlike previous studies, firstly, in terms of groups, the particular group of teachers in this study focuses on VET, which in reality is often overlooked compared to other groups of teachers due to the low level of recognition of vocational education (VE) in China. Secondly, this phenomenon is more prominent and less researched regionally in economically underdeveloped areas due to the uneven and disparate economic development between the East and West of China. In terms of sample size, previous studies have lacked large samples, making it difficult to obtain convincing and realistic results. Finally, most previous studies considered teachers' job satisfaction (TJS) in terms of external or internal factors alone. However, this study considers a combination of the external factor of the school climate (SC) in which VET works and the internal factor of teachers' self-efficacy (TSE) to explore the relationship with TJS and its impact. Based on data from a survey of 1035 teachers in China, a structural equation model estimation method was used to explore and analyze the impact of SC and TSE on their TJS and the specific role of the relationship. The research found that VET-perceived SC is positively predicting TJS; VET-perceived SC is positively predicting TSE; TSE is positively predicting TJS; TSE significantly mediates the relationship between SC and TJS. This study provides a theoretical perspective that integrates the external organizational influences of SC and introduces the internal psychological factor of TSE as a mediating variable to understand TJS. In practice, it helps raise the importance of VET and provides empirical data and intellectual support to the relevant government departments in improving TJS.

New Opportunities and Prerequisites for Cross-Border Cooperation between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

The purpose of this article is to explore the cross-border processes of neighbouring countries based on the interaction and mutual influence of the economies of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and to identify new opportunities in the development of border areas. Scientific research has been studied and a review of literary sources reflecting not only the processes of interaction between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the field of economics, politics, economic security, education and the formation of infrastructure projects has been conducted. Research and compare the economic development of the two countries, show the economic and resource potential and give a comparative description of the development of border areas. The research methodology was aimed at a comprehensive analysis of cooperation priorities based on a survey of the main documents on cross-border cooperation of international organizations, including a database on measuring and monitoring the effectiveness of corridors; conducting a comprehensive statistical analysis of data from the Bureau of Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Economic Reform of the Republic of Kazakhstan, international rating agencies; assessing the distribution of regions of Kazakhstan in terms of per capita GRP; development and calculation of the coefficient of uneven economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan; conducting a rating of regions of Uzbekistan in terms of GRP per capita

The basic characteristics of east Asian tourism culture and the impact of bidirectional interaction in the communication process on attention deficit patients

BackgroundAttention deficit is a common psychological and behavioural disorder in childhood, characterized by difficulty concentrating attention, emotional impulses, and excessive activity. East Asia is a region with multiple ethnic groups, religions, and uneven economic, political, and social development. There are certain homogeneity or heterogeneity in East Asian tourism culture, as well as diversity and differences. To improve patient symptoms and enhance their intellectual level, the basic characteristics of tourism culture and the impact of two-way interaction on patients were studied.Subjects and Methods78 children with attention deficit admitted to our hospital were selected as the subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group. Both groups of patients were treated with sustained-release tablets of methylphenidate hydrochloride, and the experimental group received behavioural intervention through East Asian tourism. The treatment lasts for 15 weeks and travels once a week.ResultsThe study used SPSS23.0 statistical software for data analysis. The analysis results showed that before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of each dimension of the CRT scale between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). After the intervention, the scores of each dimension of the CRT scale in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe combination of East Asian tourism behaviour intervention and medication therapy for attention deficit patients can help improve their cognitive function and psychological behaviour.AcknowledgementHunan New Liberal Arts Research and Reform Practice Project, No. (2021)94-51; Key topics of Hunan Provincial Department of Education, No.22A0519.

Uneven Mobilities

Abstract This article studies the Hope–Princeton Highway, a regional route in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, through the lens of uneven mobilities. Bringing together insights from infrastructure studies, mobility studies, and settler colonial studies, uneven mobilities is a concept that historicizes mobility research in terms of colonial and carceral logics. Using this concept, the article provides insight into political actors, namely incarcerated forced laborers of Japanese descent, whose unjust confinement and forced labor on this infrastructural route remained unacknowledged until recently. The article relies on a range of archival sources that engage the visual culture of the highway and the subtle linkages between an imagined scenic landscape and an imagined multicultural Canada. The article also narrates this highway route by constructing pictorial and landscape relationships of colonialism and carcerality, linking it to uneven mobilities and economic development through the ubiquitous highway road sign—a contemporary initiative to mark and interpret sites of historical and cultural importance along this and other BC routes. The article then explores the infrastructural politics of this route at the scale of the body to highlight modes of resistance. This article advances a tentative theory of uneven mobilities by centering so-called road disturbances through acts of resistance such as rest, play, and work stoppages to reveal how uneven mobilities are entwined with the production of embodied subjectivities.