Unending Debate Research Articles

A simple proof of Bell's inequality

Bell’s theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics: it discriminates between quantum mechanics and all theories where probabilities in measurement results arise from the ignorance of pre-existing local properties. We give an extremely simple proof of Bell's inequality; a single figure suffices. This simplicity may be useful in the unending debate over what exactly the Bell inequality means, because the hypotheses underlying the proof become transparent. It is also a useful didactic tool, as the Bell inequality can be explained in a single intuitive lecture.

The Vulnerability of Imperial Language as a Transformational Tool in Postcolonial Transcultural Discourse

This essay reassesses the complex and unending debate on the use of imperial language, particularly English, as a plausible postcolonial transformational asset. Arguing against previously held convictions that imperial language is a cultural capital and marker of dominance or the core of Western cultural representation, the contention of the paper situates imperial language as fragile, non indicative as carrier of Western epistemology and as vulnerable in the hands of the postcolonial writer who uses it to translate and ascertain his cultural identity and epistemology. Different postcolonial writing strategies include such issues as menace, sly mimicry, subversion, appropriation, abrogation and accommodation. English language in its varieties assumes a cosmopolitan character, and is used at times metonymically, that is, including writers’ own language without them necessarily undoing their cultural heritage. The essay concludes that, English is a power-generating metaphor; it is mutually constitutive, engendering both the coloniser and colonised as repositories or sites of power. In this matrix, English is used in the postcolony for cultural transmission and for the alteration of colonial and imperial dominance. Postcolonial writers are not bondsmen, but committed agents in the polyvocality of cultures and other diverse discourses in postcolonial spaces and the ever changing global context. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n3p71

Commercial Sex Work Phenomenon: Issues in Perspectives

One of the social vices that continue to generate unending debates is the issue of sex workers or prostitution. Though it is generally recognised as one of the oldest professions but at every stage there have been calls by various local rulers’ religious leaders and governments to ban the trade. The prohibition has constantly reoccurred in virtually all discourse be it in the local or international arena. However, the proponents in support have constantly been at the forefront and usually canvassed arguments in favour of the trade to be legalised based on various reasons. As it will unfold in this article, some countries have legalised it while others outlawed it. This article looks at the phenomenon of this trade and raised issues which were discussed in different perspectives. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n13p861

British Intelligence on Soviet War Potential in 1939: A Revised Picture and Some Implications (a Contribution to the ‘Unending Debate’)

The British government tried to create a peace front against German aggression in 1939 and the inclusion of the Soviet Union was controversial. This article investigates British intelligence on Soviet war potential in 1939 with the aim of comparing intelligence to reality, placing intelligence in context by following the British government discussion, commenting on earlier research about British intelligence on Soviet war potential and trying to find explanations for the fact that intelligence was far from reality. British assessments were of importance and earlier research is amended.

On the Matter of Mind as Something Proximately Immaterial: Mind in the 'Auenonic' Space

In between the unending debate over the issue of whether if mind is material or not, there remain enough confusion regarding the material nature of consciousness and over how mind couples with the brain. The reductionist theorists seek for material identity of consciousness, claiming that it might be possible to create artificial mind which would rely on the material foundations of matter, whereas, the dualists claim for the opposite. Touching on the foundations of this mind-brain problem, this paper proposes, considering the viewpoints of both the dualists and monists, that mental states and conscious awareness could be assumed to be something as proximately immaterial, as a new-fangled version of the old-contingent immaterialism, and wherein my disposition is much reliant on the Kantian Philosophy. The paper further proposes that the concept of dualism is ― somewhat misconstrued, and proposes a hypothetical space for wherein our mind is born and takes up spatiality ― the “auenon.”

On the identity of Monsieur Dussumier’s Dutch tortoise and the lectotype of Testudo dussumieri Gray, 1831

Although it was forgotten for over a century, the binomen Testudo dussumieri Gray, 1831, is an available name, and the specimen RMNH 3231 deposited in the natural history museum of Leiden – evidently one of the two original syntypes of T. dussumieri – has been designated as the lectotype of this taxon. Recently several authors have actively promoted this as the name-bearing type for the Aldabra tortoise, escalating debates in which this chelonian has been immersed for nearly two decades. This lectotype designation is highly significant to nomenclatural and taxonomic disputes regarding tortoises (Testudinidae), living and extinct, from the western Indian Ocean; and an attempt has been made in this paper to compile all information relevant to the lectotype as well as to better understand the history of the binomen applied to it. Several critical aspects of the history are uncertain and open to speculation. The provenance of RMNH 3231 is unknown and unlikely to be Aldabra Atoll; the specimen was most likely collected in the granitic Seychelles, between 1823 and 1829. The combination of estimated date and locality of collection raises the possibility that the lectotype is not an Aldabra tortoise, but rather an extinct taxon from the granitic Seychelles. It is concluded that RMNH 3231 is not a suitable name-bearing type for the Aldabra tortoise, and the continued use of the name T. dussumieri will cause persistent nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion and unending debate.

Unending debate: Statin dilemma in the management of heart failure

In their recently published article Erbs et al. aimed to evaluate the pleiotropic effects of rosuvastatin on vascular and tissue regeneration, its impact on endothelial function and hemodynamics in 42 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) [ [1] Erbs S. Beck E.B. Linke A. Adams V. Gielen S. Kränkel N. et al. High-dose rosuvastatin in chronic heart failure promotes vasculogenesis, corrects endothelial function, and improves cardiac remodeling — results from a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Int J Cardiol. 2010 Mar 15; (Electronic publication ahead of print) PubMed Google Scholar ]. They found that rosuvastatin activates circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) that contribute to neovascularisation and to the enhancement of endothelial function in CHF. Also they demonstrated that rosuvastatin improved LV performance by partly correction of vascular abnormalities.

Framework for Entrepreneurship Education in Nigerian Higher Institutions of Learning

It seems fair to argue that opinions from Nigeria’s government and its policy makers, and the management of various Nigerian higher institutions of learning concerning the mandatory introduction of entrepreneurship education in all disciplines so far have lacked a common framework. This lack of framework is responsible for the unending debates as to what way should the old curriculum be change to integrate entrepreneurship education? What should constitute the scheme of the entrepreneurship course if a change in curriculum is indeed needed? Whose responsibility the entrepreneurship course teaching should be? And many questions regarding the integration of entrepreneurial theoretical and vocational education still remain unanswered. Hence, this study seeks to give a clue to the aforementioned unending debates and unanswered questions; and advance the need for entrepreneurial education in Nigerian higher institutions of learning by reviewing and synthesizing available entrepreneurship education literature. The paper concludes that entrepreneurship education initiative is ideal for Nigeria, be a country that have been in economic stagnation since early 1980s; and that the right and competent teaching staff of various higher institutions that are knowledgeable in entrepreneurship studies should be saddled with the entrepreneurship theoretical teaching responsibility and the vocational aspect should be the responsibility of staff in those disciplines that have bearing to the vocational entrepreneurship education activities structured

MORAL STATUS REVISITED: THE CHALLENGE OF REVERSED POTENCY

Moral status is a vexing topic. Linked for so long to the unending debates about ensoulment and the morality of abortion, it has recently resurfaced in the embryonic stem cell controversy. In this new context, it should benefit from new insights originating in recent scientific advances. We believe that the recently observed capability of somatic cells to return to a pluripotential state (a capability we propose to name 'reversed potency') in a controlled manner requires us to modify the traditional concept of moral status and to consider it as referring not only to intrinsic properties (like 'to possess reason' or 'to be a person'), but also to extrinsic or relational ones.

Darwin 200: The needs of the many

The idea that natural selection acts on groups, as well as individuals, is a source of unending debate. Marek Kohn reports on what the two sides disagree about - and why it matters to them.

Culprit only versus multivessel coronary revascularization in patients presenting with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction: Unending debate

The optimal percutaneous interventional strategy for dealing with significant non-culprit lesions in patients with multivessel disease with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at presentation remains to be controversial. For the time being, the current guidelines recommended that primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for non-culprit lesions should be limited to the infarct-related artery. We believe that decisions about PCI of the non-infarct vessel(s) should be individualized and guided by objective evidence of significant residual ischemia except in patients with multivessel disease showing hemodynamic compromise. Further large, randomized trials will help us solve this dilemma.

The Unending Debate: Appeasement, Chamberlain and the Origins of the Second World War

Robert Self, Neville Chamberlain: A Biography (London: Ashgate, 2006). Pp.606, biblio., index. £35.00. ISBN-13 978-0-7546-5615-9. Robert Self (ed.), The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters, Volume 4:...

Reply to the comments by H.E. James on our paper “Relevance of surgical strategies for the management of pediatric Chiari type I malformation”

Dear Editor: We thank Dr. James, for his comments on our article [1] and for sharing his experience in the treatment of pediatric Chiari type I malformation. We disagree with Dr. James’ interpretation, and in fact, our paper shows that the outcome of the different surgical procedures described in the paper is not similar. The tonsillar reduction group had a significantly better outcome with respect to syrinx reduction and clinical symptoms compared to simple bony decompression. Further, this corroborated with those results of the meta-analysis. While our series showed that foramen magnum decompression with duraplasty was superior to only bony decompression in symptomatic Chiari group, this difference did not reach significance in the meta-analysis. It is important to recognize that our series did include a large number of patients with hydrocephalus and other cerebral dysgenesis. While we recognize that certain complications like cerebrospinal fluid leakage are going to be higher in patients who have a duraplasty, it is also important to realize that these patients had a fewer number of second surgeries for persistence syrinx or failure of symptoms to resolve. Whether this paper adds controversy rather than elucidation to the unending debate of tonsillectomy vs nontonsillectomy will be decided in further prospective, randomized multicenter studies, and more important, with specific inclusion criteria. What we have realized so far is that Chiari malformation is a spectrum of clinical and radiological manifestations far more complicated other than simple cerebellar tonsillar herniation.

Perempuan dalam Tayangan Iklan di Televisi

As part of marketing activities, advertising played a very important role. Through the means of advertising, a product with all its characteristics and qualities was being introduced to the public. The ad creators competitively search ideas to construct an attractive ad. The depiction of women becomes one of the old-but-believed-to-be-effective-formula for such advertisings. In the world of advertising and marketing, women are not only becoming models for women products, but also for men products. Women figures were depicted beside men models in cigarettes advertising and in turn seemed problematic. A strong and unending debate has been circulating amongst public concerning advertising who significantly exploited women’s sensuality. These kinds of ads are believed degraded women and create negative image for women.

A low-growth model: Informality as a structural constraint

After years of reforms and unending debate, the question remains unanswered: why is Latin America not growing more? The present article approaches the subject from an unconventional perspective, presenting the persistence of informality as a structural barrier to growth. As an analytical frame of reference, it introduces a 2 x 2 model of growth in which the economy comprises just two sectors, the formal and the informal. The model presents the links between the growth pattern of the formal sector and the dynamics of the informal sector, and between these and the pattern of growth in the overall economy. Adverse specialization patterns and an unfavourable international trade profile are perpetuating informality. Thus, export-led growth most resembles an enclave model which does not even guarantee high growth, since the dynamic of the informal sector, which accounts for about half the urban workforce, adversely affects the performance of the whole economy.

The Unending Debate over Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations Fight

Writing in May 1920 for the Chicago labor paper the New Majority, editor Robert Buck characterized the debate over whether the United States should join the League of Nations as “a sham battle over fake issues.” Buck had grown disinterested in the partisan struggle over the Versailles Peace Treaty and League of Nations, not because he was an isolationist, but because he believed that U.S. foreign policy would likely follow roughly the same course whether the United States joined the League or not. Alluding to the upcoming presidential election, Buck suggested that “[I]f the crooked Democratic party should regain power and the treaty should be agreed to, the United States would join harder than ever in the imperialistic exploitation of the lesser peoples of the earth.” By contrast, “[I]f the crooked Republican party gets control at the next election [and] if it doesn’t ratify the league and treaty,… it will cook up some other equally rotten dish of imperialism and thievery to disgrace the United States further.”1

Neurocysticercosis--New Millennium, ancient disease and unending debate.

A spurt of cases of Neurocysticercosis (NCC) at our department reopened the debate on whether to treat or not and spurred us on to review the available literature for a viable solution. Despite the disease having been around for centuries a cogent treatment plan eludes us even as other ancient scources have been successfully engaged. Neurocysticercosis presents a peculiar problem as it is an end-stage infection, accidental in man, with a benign natural course and would have merited considerably less attention, had it not chosen to infest the brain. These unique and characteristic features are the fundamental reasons why so many different treatment strategies are continuously proffered; many or none seem to work, depending on the viewpoint. And the target organs of this otherwise unglamorous tapeworm cyst--the brain, eye and spinal cord-ensure that there is always pressure, and temptation to treat rather than let it be, even if the weight of evidence is to the contrary. An overview of the history of the disease and the most recent happenings is presented here, in which these issues are reviewed with special attention to the debate on treatment. From the facts that emerge, an attempt has been made to present a workable plan that would help practicing pediatricians in treating most encountered cases till such time we hear the last word on the issue.

One Person's Opinion: Breaking the Cycle of Unending Debate: The Promise and Possibilities of "Thinking Gray"

One Person's Opinion: Breaking the Cycle of Unending Debate: The Promise and Possibilities of "Thinking Gray"

One Person’s Opinion: Breaking the Cycle of Unending Debate: The Promise and Possiblities of "Thinking Gray"

One Person’s Opinion: Breaking the Cycle of Unending Debate: The Promise and Possiblities of "Thinking Gray"

Unending debate over definition of research misconduct

The federal government's attempt to define research misconduct is a long saga with no near-term resolution in sight. Last fall, the White House Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP) circulated among the agencies that fund scientific research a draft statement defining misconduct in science and a process for addressing it. However, the agencies' views of this definition still differ sharply, preventing a consensus from being reached. The OSTP statement circumscribes misconduct narrowly, defining it as fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reporting research. The regulatory definitions used by the former Public Health Service and the National Science Foundation include the category other from accepted research practices. The OSTP definition leaves out the serious deviations clause. Most academic scientists and federal agencies that fund scientific research favor the narrow definition proposed by OSTP. For instance, Marye Anne Fox, vice presid...