Unemployment Research Articles

The Socio-Economic and Ecological Impacts of Water Hyacinth Proliferation in water bodies: A Case from Greater Kochi area in South India

Purpose of this study is to critically analyze the socio-ecological impact of water hyacinth on the water bodies passing through 7 wards of the Thrippunithura Municipality in the Ernakulam district of the state of Kerala, India, by checking the quality of water and conducting surveys among the people. Research Design The study employs a combination of exploratory and descriptive research approaches. Purposive sampling targets individuals directly impacted by water hyacinth proliferation. Methodology Data collection involved direct surveys using a structured questionnaire and water samples from selected regions. Results: reveal significant socio-economic ramifications of water hyacinth proliferation, particularly impacting fishing communities. Challenges include job losses, diminished access to fishing grounds, navigational hindrances, reduced catches, and fish scarcity. Ecologically, water quality parameters show notable disparities between heavily-infested and less-infested areas, highlighting the weed's impact on aquatic ecosystems. The phytoremediation potential of water hyacinth was also explored, revealing its ability to accumulate heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, iron, and arsenic. Originality of Research This study records the socio-ecological impact of water hyacinths on the communities and environment, particularly the water bodies, of the Greater Cochin area, Kerala, India.

Disobedience of Constitutional Court Decision as a Reason for Impeachment of President and/or Vice President

This article discusses disobedience of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 which was carried out by the Government by issuing Minister of Home Affairs Instruction Number 68 of 2021 Concerning Follow-Up of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 Regarding the Formal Review of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation which in essence states that it remains guided and implement Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and its Implementing Regulations. This instruction from the Minister of Home Affairs has violated one of the rulings stating that the legally binding force of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation must be temporarily suspended for 2 (two) years or until the process of its formation has been repaired. This study uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach and is also evaluated descriptively qualitatively. The conclusion of this paper is that disobedience to the constitution by the Government will have a juridical impact on not realizing legal certainty, impacting people's distrust of the Constitutional Court, as well as a bad example given by the President in terms of constitutional awareness, so that it is appropriate for the DPR RI to file an impeachment process against the president

Dignity of Work and at Work: The Relationship between Workplace Dignity and Health among Latino Immigrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Latino immigrants living in the United States were highly vulnerable to the health and economic consequences brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the conceptual framing of workplace dignity, worth that is acknowledged based on performance of job responsibilities, to explore Latino immigrants’ experiences during the early months of the pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted with La Clínica del Pueblo (La Clínica), a community health center serving low-income Latino immigrants. From June to December 2020, we conducted in-depth video interviews with 29 Latino immigrant clients to explore pandemic-related challenges, including workplace changes, discriminatory experiences, and effects on health. We conducted thematic analysis using Dedoose software. Nearly half of participants were undocumented immigrants. Most participants were unemployed or underemployed due to the pandemic and 26–49 years of age; one-third were still working, and one-quarter were 50 years or older. About half were cisgender women and two were transgender women. Employed participants experienced a lack of dignity through being socially isolated and stigmatized at work; receiving no compensation for their extra labor or for sick leave; and experiencing discriminatory labor practices. Unemployed participants experienced a lack of dignity in being the first to lose their jobs without government support; losing self-esteem; and not being rehired. Participants associated denial of dignity with worsening health conditions and increased anxiety and depression. Our study suggests that denial of workplace dignity—through job loss, underemployment, and poor working conditions—is linked to adverse health outcomes for Latino immigrants. More research should recognize workplace dignity as an important social determinant of health.

Enhancing Socio-Economic Sustainability in South Africa: A Review of Local Municipalities in Managing Inward Migration from the Periphery to the Core

This conceptual paper aims to examine the prevailing patterns of migration from local municipalities to metropolitan areas in the context of socio-economic transformations. Emphasizing the crucial role of local municipalities in addressing and mitigating migration towards urban cores, the paper underscores that the effectiveness of such efforts relies on factors like good governance, enhanced economic prospects, basic service provision, infrastructure development, and tailored skills training within the unique context of each municipality. Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon entwining economic, socio-cultural, and security dimensions. The unsustainable influx from the periphery burdens metropolitans, particularly in rural regions, challenging the mandated responsibilities. The failure of local municipalities to adequately deliver services exacerbates the strain on metropolitans already grappling with limited resources. The migration exodus from rural to urban centers often stems from pervasive socio-economic disparities, making migration a perceived solution to enhance the quality of life. Despite the advent of democracy, developmental progress in rural areas remains limited, necessitating a comprehensive approach that integrates rural development strategies with urban planning, job creation in urban areas, and the resolution of systemic issues. It is crucial to acknowledge that addressing migration requires a holistic perspective, as rural development alone may not suffice to deter migration to urban centers, given the diverse opportunities and amenities they offer. The paper advocates for a coordinated, multi-stakeholder approach involving governmental bodies, local communities, NGOs, and the private sector to achieve meaningful and sustainable results in curbing migration from local municipalities to metropolitan areas. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of achieving a more balanced and sustainable population distribution across municipalities for overall societal well-being.

Threads of Vulnerability: A Cross-sectional Study on Factors Associated with Suicide and Self-harm in Pakistan

Background: Globally, over a million people commit suicide every year. Although suicide rates are more in high-income countries, many countries do not report suicide cases regularly to the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with suicide and self-harm in Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Peoples Medical College Hospital (PMCH) in Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan, from July to December 2019. A total of 131 cases of suicide/self-harm were included using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire consisting of 14 close-ended questions. A chi-square test was used to determine the association between different categorical variables. Results: The majority of the subjects were males (53.4%), young adults aged between 16 and 30 years (69.5%), single (51.9%), and uneducated (57.3%). More than half (51.9%) of the subjects who attempted suicide or self-harm were unemployed. There was a significant association between education level (c2 =13.149, P = 0.001) and age groups (c2 = 15.554, P = 0.001) with health outcomes (suicide or self-harm) only. Moreover, gender (c2 = 20.776, P = 0.004), marital status (c2 = 69.047, P < 0.001), level of education (c2 = 63.144, P < 0.001), age groups (c2 = 69.848, P < 0.001), and employment status (c2 = 28.677, P = 0.012) were also associated with the reasons of suicide and self-harm. Conclusion: Our study concluded that mostly single, unemployed males with low literacy and with marital and family issues are determined as factors associated with a high risk of self-harm and suicide.

Threads of Vulnerability: A Cross-sectional Study on Factors Associated with Suicide and Self-harm in Pakistan

Background: Globally, over a million people commit suicide every year. Although suicide rates are more in high-income countries, many countries do not report suicide cases regularly to the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with suicide and self-harm in Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Peoples Medical College Hospital (PMCH) in Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan, from July to December 2019. A total of 131 cases of suicide/self-harm were included using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire consisting of 14 close-ended questions. A chi-square test was used to determine the association between different categorical variables. Results: The majority of the subjects were males (53.4%), young adults aged between 16 and 30 years (69.5%), single (51.9%), and uneducated (57.3%). More than half (51.9%) of the subjects who attempted suicide or self-harm were unemployed. There was a significant association between education level (c2 =13.149, P = 0.001) and age groups (c2 = 15.554, P = 0.001) with health outcomes (suicide or self-harm) only. Moreover, gender (c2 = 20.776, P = 0.004), marital status (c2 = 69.047, P < 0.001), level of education (c2 = 63.144, P < 0.001), age groups (c2 = 69.848, P < 0.001), and employment status (c2 = 28.677, P = 0.012) were also associated with the reasons of suicide and self-harm. Conclusion: Our study concluded that mostly single, unemployed males with low literacy and with marital and family issues are determined as factors associated with a high risk of self-harm and suicide.

Do Macroeconomic Factors Influence Household Consumption Expenditure in the Gambia? ARDL-Error Correction Regression Approach

Consumption constitutes a larger part of GDP and contributes immensely in enhancing economic growth and development of a country. This study examines the influence of macroeconomic factors on household consumption expenditure in the Gambia. To achieve our objective, we employ ARDL estimation method with Bounds tests to analyze our study using secondary times series data collected from World Bank’s World Development Indicators database from 2000 to 2020. The findings reveal that GDP, inflation, direct credit to private sector, remittances and population all have significant effect on household consumption expenditure in the short run because their p values are less than 0.05 at 5% level of significance. For the long run effect, the CointEq (-1)* is negative and statistically significant. It means that the short run is adjusted with high speed in the run approximatively 108%. Therefore, GDP, inflation, direct credit to private sector, inflation, remittances and population are all significantly affecting household consumption in the long run. Thus, the study recommends that Government of the Gambia to use a mix macroeconomic policy method to stimulate and increase household consumption expenditure in order to help in achieving economic growth and development. The study further recommends future researchers to include other macroeconomic variables like unemployment and interest rate.

Pigeon racing in South Africa: Exploring the socio-economic nature and extent of this 'unknown sport'

This research addresses the paucity of academic exploration into pigeon racing, a globally recognized sport with limited scholarly attention. While prior studies focused on ornithology and medicine, this paper pioneers a comprehensive examination from a geographical perspective. Employing a quantitative methodology, the study surveyed 712 members of the South African National Pigeon Organization (SANPO), providing a nuanced understanding of demographics, organizational structures, subjective values, and economic impacts within pigeon racing. The study's findings reveal the dominance of males in the sport, its multi-generational nature, and widespread participation across diverse income groups. SANPO, with 3,540 members, emerges as a crucial entity in the sport's landscape. The paper categorizes fanciers into small, medium, and large groups based on bird ownership, presenting insights into their socio-demographic context and motivations. Pigeon-related activities are explored, emphasizing the sport's familial and youth development aspects. The economic analysis highlights the industry's substantial job creation and estimates its total economic worth between R528,968,608 and R1,620,390,112. By shedding light on this understudied sport, the research aims to stimulate further academic exploration and provide a foundation for informed discussions on the cultural, economic, and social aspects of pigeon racing.

YOUTH MOVEMENT IN INDONESIA: OMNIBUS LAW DEMONSTRATION

Youth movement is crucial in Indonesia because since the beginning of Indonesia’s independence, the young generation has been one of the main actors. This article aims to examine the youth movement that occurred in 2020. University student groups held demonstrations against the controversial omnibus law in almost every major city in Indonesia. The protests against the job creation omnibus law, which originated as a bill, occurred across regions in Indonesia on February 12 and October 20, 2020. This youth movement to reject the omnibus law is proof that despite many societal groups rejecting the bill, the government continues with its decision due to differences in perspective. Yet, this action remains a right of young people to express their aspirations regarding the political situation in Indonesia. Differences in opinion may incite youth to demonstrate against government bills and judgments

Impact of labour income in gross value added on migrations in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The transition countries of Southeast Europe, especially the countries of theWestern Balkans, have achieved modest economic growth rates since the beginningof the transition process. High unemployment rates, relatively high externalimbalances, and rising external debt are common for the entire region. This paperwill explain the impact of a decrease in the share of labour income in total grossvalue added on the increased outflow of the working-age population. The subjectof a specific analysis is the increase in inequality and the consequences ofdifferences in income on the economy and society of the country will be explainedIncreasing inequality in Bosnia and Herzegovina is measured by a significantdecrease in the share of labour income in total gross value added in Bosnia andHerzegovina affects the outflow of the working-age population abroad.

Offshoring, firm-level adjustment and labor market outcomes

This paper studies how the China shock affects unemployment rates and wage inequality across high-skilled and low-skilled workers in the United States, with particular emphasis on the dynamic and general equilibrium channels of firms' production locations and entry decisions. To shed light on the subject, I build a two-country trade-in-task model with firm heterogeneity, search-and-matching labor market frictions, and firms' endogenous selections into entry and offshoring. The model, consistent with evidence from vector autoregression analyses, uncovers important dynamics with implications for the impact of the China shock on U.S. worker inequality. Namely, it shows association between a decrease in offshoring costs and a short-lived increase in low-skilled unemployment in the source country, a longer-term decline in high-skilled unemployment, a transient expansion of the wage gap between high- and low-skilled workers, and an increase in firm entry.

Impact of Green Investment and Jobs on Poverty via Sustainable Development

Purpose: This study evaluates the influence of green investment and green jobs on poverty reduction with sustainable development as a mediating variable. Methodology: Using a descriptive-quantitative method, secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sumatra from 2016-2020 were analyzed using a panel regression model. Results: The results indicate that green investment and green jobs affect poverty reduction through sustainable development in South Sumatra Province. Findings: Challenges include green infrastructure development and policies supporting green investment and job creation. Novelty: This research provides insights into the impact of green investment and green jobs on poverty reduction within the context of sustainable development. Originality: The study offers a detailed analysis of how green investment and green jobs contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable development. Conclusions: Green investment and green jobs have the potential to reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development but require collaboration among the government, private sector, and society. Type of Paper: Empirical Research Article

Driving Innovation and Economic Development: The Role of Business Incubators in Agri-Tech Start-Up Ecosystems

"The research delved into the crucial role of Business Incubators (BIs) in fostering the success of start-ups, focusing specifically on the burgeoning Agri-tech sector. Through a blend of primary data collected from Agri-tech start-ups with the help of a well-structured questionnaire and secondary data sourced from governmental departments, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess the impact of incubation services on start-up success. The findings underscored the significant growth in job creation within India’s start-up ecosystem, particularly attributed to initiatives like Startup India. The data highlighted the substantial contribution of start-ups to employment generation and economic advancement. Additionally, the upward trend in venture capital investment in the agritech sector emphasized the industry’s potential for growth and innovation. The study revealed a significant correlation between incubation services and start-up success. Services such as access to funding, mentorship, and legal support emerged as critical factors in driving start-up success."

Unlocking Economic Growth: The Transformative Role of Infrastructure Finance in India

"Recognizing the transformative impact of strategic investments in PPP Model, this study investigates how infrastructure development can serve as a linchpin for sustained economic prosperity. Through an exploration of key sectors such as transportation connectivity-air, road and rail, energy, and water supply & sanitation, the paper aims to highlight the multifaceted benefits of robust infrastructure on overall efficiency, business expansion, and job creation. The research emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and sustainable approach to infrastructure finance, advocating for a balanced mix of public and private investments. The paper also addresses the importance of transparent regulatory frameworks, risk mitigation strategies, and efficient project planning to attract private investors and ensure the successful implementation of infrastructure projects. By elucidating the potential multiplier effects and global competitiveness implications, the paper provides valuable perspectives for investors, policymakers, and scholars seeking to comprehend the intricacies of transformative dynamics of infrastructure-led economic growth in India. This research paper delves into the pivotal role of infrastructure finance as a catalyst for unlocking economic growth in India."

Shadow Economy: Determinants and Its Impact on Foreign Direct Investment

The shadow economy poses a significant threat to government revenue and the effectiveness of economic policies. This paper investigates the causes of the shadow economy and its influence on foreign direct investment (FDI). Our study employs the currency demand approach, a component of the indirect method, to identify the determinants of the shadow economy in a dataset covering 105 countries from 2001 to 2017. These countries are categorized into four income groups: high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income. Parameter estimation is conducted using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model, with robustness tests incorporating reference estimates from Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Fixed Effects Model (FEM). Our findings indicate that a higher GDP and lower interest rates are associated with reduced shadow economy activity. Elevated market interest rates increase the cost of funds in the informal sector, discouraging engagement in shadow economic activities due to reduced profitability. Furthermore, higher tax revenues correlate with intensified regulatory enforcement, increasing the risks associated with shadow economy involvement. A larger workforce and lower unemployment rates similarly diminish shadow economy activity. In the context of foreign direct investment (FDI), the shadow economy positively affects FDI flows when formal institutions, including legal frameworks, property rights protection, and regulatory systems, are either weak or overly burdensome. In such scenarios, economic actors may opt for informal channels like the shadow economy, offering a flexible and cost-effective alternative to the formal sector, a crucial consideration for foreign investors.

"Prospects and Perspectives: Personal Context Shaping Growth Intentions in Graduate Entrepreneurship across Malaysia"

Entrepreneurship is a cornerstone of economic development, particularly in nations such as Malaysia, where small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a dominant role. However, despite its pivotal importance, a mere 5% of graduates opt for entrepreneurship as their career path. This disengagement may reflect the perception that entrepreneurship lacks attractiveness or viability as a career choice, potentially dissuading future graduates and impacting growth intentions. This study delves into the personal context shaping growth intentions among graduate entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Through a comprehensive examination, including a literature review and empirical analysis involving 152 university graduates surveyed via questionnaires, this research explores how individual traits, contextual circumstances, and external influences mold entrepreneurial aspirations. The findings highlight significant correlations between personal context factors—such as promotion skills, leadership qualities, technological adeptness, and risk-taking propensity—and growth intentions among entrepreneurs. By elucidating the nuanced interplay between personal context and growth intentions, particularly within the realm of graduate entrepreneurship, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge. Its implications extend to policymakers, educators, and practitioners striving to catalyze economic growth, alleviate unemployment, and enhance prospects for recent graduates. Stakeholders can advance innovation, job creation, and sustainable economic development by furnishing entrepreneurs with essential support, skills, and conducive environments. Continued research in this domain is imperative for nurturing a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem conducive to sustained prosperity and societal advancement.

Research of Factors for Economic Development of the Far East and Arctic

The article contains a correlation analysis of development factors in the Far East and the Arctic for the period of 2013-2022. The results of the study have shown, that the development of the Far East has been dominated by economic and geographical factors related to the proximity of regional and world markets, as well as the level of the economically active population in them. Organizational and economic socio-economic factors (the volume of industrial production and the availability of qualified personnel) have also been the strong factors. The importance of import of machinery, equipment and vehicles, as well as institutional regimes of investment activity (territories for advanced development, the free port of Vladivostok and others) are noted. As for the Arctic, its economic development has been determined equally by natural-climatic, organizational-economic and socio-economic factors, which include mining, the volume of industrial production, as well as the growth of human capital and unemployment rate.

Did COVID‐19 induce a reallocation wave?

AbstractWe critically examine the hypothesis that COVID‐19 has ushered in a large reallocation shock in the USA, beyond typical business cycle patterns. We take a broad perspective, and first consider data from the CPS and JOLTS; there is no noticeable uptick in occupation or sector switches, either at the aggregate level or in the cross‐section. The dispersion of sectoral growth rates over the three years before the pandemic was similar to the previous period. The recovery from the initial shock was characterized by very high quits and low layoffs, patterns indicative of a strong labour market, not excessively high reallocation relative to previous business cycles. High growth of small employers in the recovery, and larger ones once the labour market tightened, is also a common cyclical pattern. We then examine whether mismatch unemployment rose as a result of the pandemic; using an off‐the‐shelf multisector search and matching model, there is little evidence for an important role for mismatch in driving the unemployment rate during the pandemic. Finally, we employ a novel Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregression framework with sign restrictions to identify a reallocation shock; we find that it has played a relatively minor role in explaining labour market patterns in the pandemic, at least relative to earlier episodes.

Business cycle shocks according to the monetary approach The Turkish economy is a model for the period 2005-2021

The research aims to analyze the impact of fluctuations in monetary indicators on real indicators leading to business cycle shocks in Turkey. Based on the research hypothesis that the Turkish economy is affected by real business cycle shocks, positively or negatively, and varies according to the nature of the economy and the type of shock, whether monetary or real, the interrelation and interference between variables during... The cyclical movement within the economy results in reactions between variables that affect economic activity . To achieve the hypothesis of this hypothesis, the path of the direction of monetary indicators and their fluctuations, such as money supply, interest rates, and private bank credit, was traced, and their impact on the direction of flow of real indicators, such as gross domestic product, investment, and the unemployment rate. The study concluded that fluctuations in monetary indicators cause fluctuations in real indicators, creating two business cycles in The Turkish economy. The first is the result of an external shock represented by the American financial derivatives crisis in 2008 after the opening of the Turkish economy to the outside world. The second represents an internal shock due to the decline in the value of the Turkish lira in 2018. It is also noted that the impact of these monetary shocks is unequal in the real variables of output and investment. And employing according to the extent and depth of the shock occurrence, and the extent of the independence of the monetary authority

Study of Halal Certification for Food and Beverage Products based on PP No. 39 of 2021

Indonesia is a democratic country that is secular, and the majority of its population is Muslim. The research method used is a qualitative approach, which is research conducted directly to the subject under study, descriptive in nature, to obtain data from the problem. Halal certification is a halal certification issued by the Institute for the Assessment of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LPPOM-MUI) which states that a product is in accordance with Islamic law. This halal certificate can be used to make halal labels. Government Regulation Number 39 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Halal Product Guarantee Field is an implementing regulation that was born as a follow-up to Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. It should be noted that Article 48 of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation is the result of an amendment to the previous law, namely Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee. So automatically, Government Regulation Number 31 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Halal Product Guarantee is no longer in effect and is replaced by Government Regulation Number 39 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Halal Product Guarantee Field.