Unemployment Relationship Research Articles

The Cost of Wind: Negative Economic Effects of Global Wind Energy Development

This paper provides a structured literature review of the negative economic effects associated with the development of wind energy and synthesized the evidence at an abstract level. We then developed an analytical framework to systematically review economic issues such as volatility, electricity price, housing values, and unemployment in relation to wind energy. Global wind energy development data from the time period from 2000 through 2019 were included for a more robust analysis. This period encompasses the vast majority of total global installed wind energy capacity. After amalgamating evidence from existing studies and data banks, we discuss the policy implications, suggest avenues for future research, and propose solutions to mitigate externalities. By understanding the negative economic impact created by the expansion of wind energy, we can better equip policy makers and developers to create more efficient and sustainable energy policy to benefit citizens and preserve the environment for generations to come.

The relationship of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, and unemployment in the Philippines (1970-2011)

The relationship of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, and unemployment in the Philippines (1970-2011)

The analysis relationship of poverty, unemployment and population with the rates of crime using geographically weighted regression (GWR) in Riau province

The analysis relationship of poverty, unemployment and population with the rates of crime using geographically weighted regression (GWR) in Riau province

The wage curve and local monopsony power

Using longitudinal micro-data from Finland, a country with a geographically dispersed population and relatively long distances between local labor markets, this paper examines the responsiveness of the pay level to local unemployment conditions. In particular, this study tests the hypothesis that the pay level is more responsive to the unemployment level in less agglomerated and more remote regions as might be expected if employers have a higher degree of monopsony power in such regions. The results consistently suggest that the pay level is lower in localities with a higher unemployment level and, hence, provide strong support for the so-called wage curve hypothesis, which predicts that a negative relationship exists between local unemployment and the pay level. Although the results provide some evidence that the magnitude of the regional pay–unemployment relationship varies across different regions of the country, the findings do not provide consistent support for the monopsony power hypothesis. In particular, after controlling for unobserved worker heterogeneity, the responsiveness of the pay level to the local unemployment conditions is similar across regions with different degrees of economic agglomeration.

The interplay between national and parental unemployment in relation to adolescent life satisfaction in 27 countries: analyses of repeated cross-sectional school surveys

BackgroundPrevious research shows that parental unemployment is associated with low life satisfaction in adolescents. It is unclear whether this translates to an association between national unemployment and adolescent life satisfaction, and whether such a contextual association is entirely explained by parental unemployment, or if it changes as a function thereof. For adults, associations have been shown between unemployment and mental health, including that national unemployment can affect mental health and life satisfaction of both the employed and the unemployed, but to different degrees. The aim of this paper is to analyse how national unemployment levels are related to adolescent life satisfaction, across countries as well as over time within a country, and to what extent and in what ways such an association depends on whether the individual’s own parents are unemployed or not.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional data on adolescents’ (aged 11, 13 and 15 years, n = 386,402) life satisfaction and parental unemployment were collected in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, in 27 countries and 74 country-years, across 2001/02, 2005/06 and 2009/10 survey cycles. We linked this data to national harmonised unemployment rates provided by OECD and tested their associations using multilevel linear regression, including interaction terms between national and parental unemployment.ResultsHigher national unemployment rates were related to lower adolescent life satisfaction, cross-sectionally between countries but not over time within countries. The verified association was significant for adolescents with and without unemployed parents, but stronger so in adolescents with unemployed fathers or both parents unemployed. Having an unemployed father, mother och both parents was in itself related to lower life satisfaction.ConclusionLiving in a country with higher national unemployment seems to be related to lower adolescent life satisfaction, whether parents are unemployed or not, although stronger among adolescents where the father or both parents are unemployed. However, variation in unemployment over the years did not show an association with adolescent life satisfaction.

Self-employment and unemployment relationship in Romania – Insights by age, education and gender

We check on the short term if self-employment in Romania influences unemployment and vice versa. Age, education and gender characteristics treat both variables, and self-employment considers both cases with and without employees. The objective is to look at the job creation and unemployment reduction in quarterly variation during the 1999Q1–2017Q3 period. On autoregressive models, we apply the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) procedure, detailed by Giles (2011), to assess for Granger Causality. We found for unemployment rates a push effect in the self-employment rate for adults and youth with low education level to self-employment without employees’ rate for adults and self-employment with employees’ rate for old adults. We establish a ‘Schumpeter’ effect for the adult with a low level of education self-employment to unemployment, for adults’ males with tertiary education and self-employed, and older adults self-employed without employees to unemployment. We conclude that unemployment work as an inclusion mechanism for some vulnerable groups but inefficient for others. Self-employment with employees is less diversified, indicating a high-risk aversion and low start-up effect. In general, the labour market presents a unidirectional flexibility effect.

Family Caregivers for Cancer Patients

Non formal, especially family caregivers are the most vital support for cancer patients in their healing process. However, caregivers are the least known, informed, and researched of all groups of people surrounding cancer patients. Tenfamily members are individually interviewed on their phenomenal experience in caring for cancer patients. Common themes that emerged from the interviews include financial, socialemotions, and physical challenges. Financial problems rooted from unemployment as caregivers have to spent time looking after their sick family members. Social emotional problems included perception from society on their unemployment and family relationship issues. Caregivers also experienced physical strains as they put aside their well being in caring for others. However, caregivers have their own coping skills which included positive outlook and family support. Understanding of caregivers experiences is important for mental health professionals, medical team attending to the patients, and the public at large. Results of this study suggests further assistance and guidance for caregivers in carrying theirresponsibilities.

THE UNEMPLOYMENT PUZZLE AN INSURGENCE TO INSECURITY IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

A global crisis that has left continents and countries wage a lingering battle to their recession as they put up an inspirited battle to form a concerted approach to solve the puzzle. This global phenomenon has formed a base of linking it to a number of security insurgence that seems to affect their development hence developing their own ingenuity to survive. This study will look forward to unravel the puzzle of unemployment in relation to insecurity in Kenya. The study will be guided by the following objectives: To examine the alternatives that the government has put in place to curb unemployment, to evaluate the social contract in addressing the job challenges looms and lastly to respond to the increasing demands of security insurgence. The study will be informed and directed by an interdisciplinary approach by use of the Second Law of thermodynamics in explaining the cause and effect in the looming job challenges called the Law of Entropy. The study found out that institutional decay (through nepotism), education (inclusive growth), Governance (governments and accruing economic strife) are some of the key components of the unemployment puzzle towards insecurity and sustainable peace.

CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SECURITY AND PEACE IN AFRICA

A global crisis that has left continents and countries wage a lingering battle to their recession as they put up an enspirited battle to form a concerted approach to solve the puzzle. This global phenomenon has formed a base of linking it to a number of security insurgence that seems to affect their development hence developing their own ingenuity to survive. This study will look forward to unravel the puzzle of unemployment in relation to insecurity in Kenya. The study will be guided by the following objectives: To examine the alternatives that the government has put in place to curb unemployment, to evaluate the social contract in addressing the job challenges looms and lastly to respond to the increasing demands of security insurgence. The study will be informed and directed by an interdisciplinary approach by use of the Second Law of thermodynamics in explaining the cause and effect in the looming job challenges called Law of Entropy. The study found out that institutional decay (through nepotism), education (inclusive growth), Governance (governments and accruing economic strife) are some of the key components to the unemployment puzzle towards insecurity and sustainable peace

Providing an Empirical Insight into Nigeria’s Non-acceleration Rate of Unemployment

This study was necessary since inflation and unemployment are twin macroeconomic variables that exert influence on the policy decision of any economy. Using time series from 1972 to 2015, the ordinary least-squares method was employed to determine both the short-run and long-run Phillips curve to ascertain if it is evident in Nigeria. The non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) was also estimated. The results establish the presence of a negative relationship of both inflation and unemployment in the short-run and long-run unemployment, though not significant. Since NAIRU is 11.63, the policy implication is that if the economy was to achieve full employment, an unemployment rate of 11.63 per cent is inevitable.

Foreign Lending Dilemma and Poverty in Pakistan, India and Bhutan: A Panel Data Analysis

Purpose: In developing countries foreign lending becomes a problem now a day instead of spend this lending for the development purposes. Ultimately this problem causes poverty in these countries where usage of foreign lending is not in proper ways. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of IMF and World Bank lending on poverty in Pakistan, India and Bhutan. In this study corruption, GDP, unemployment, secondary enrolment, and external debt are used as independent variables and poverty headcount ratio as dependent variable. Study finds out the relationship of corruption, unemployment and external debts with poverty and showing the positive relationship while secondary enrolment and GDP showing negative relation with poverty. Moreover study finds out that lending of IMF and WORLD BANK mostly causes poverty in these developing countries instead of reducing poverty because of corrupt government's weak policies for the distribution of loans. It is examined that the countries with strong policies and non-corrupt government can take full advantage of these lending for poverty reduction. But it is noticed that the countries which are the members of IMF structural adjustment programs are facing more poverty problems as compare to those countries which are not involved in these programs or even have less numbers of lending. Those countries are much better than the countries involve in structural adjustment programs.

Predictors of employment status among adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

In the United States, adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience high rates of unemployment and underemployment in relation to adults with other disabilities and the general population. Yet there is little research examining their employment experiences and the predictors of employment status. The purpose of this study was to examine the employment characteristics and histories of both employed and unemployed adults with ASD, and the factors that contributed to their employment status. This cross-sectional study used an online survey and the Short Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale to gather data. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of employment status and self-reported health. Of the 254 adults with ASD who participated in this study, 61.42% were employed and 38.58% were unemployed. Over half of the participants reported job imbalance on the Short ERI Scale and the vast majority did not receive any job assistance. Participants who disclosed their ASD diagnosis to their employer were more than three times as likely to be employed than those who did not disclose. Education level was also a significant predictor of employment status. This study suggests disability disclosure and education level are factors that contribute to employment status.

Capacity Utilisation and Unemployment in Selected West Africa Countries

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the proposition that capacity utilisation is an important factor in the determination of unemployment and wages. Underlying this proposition is the notion that capacity utilisation helps to determine the future path of the economy and is a significant factor in the response of the economy to different supply and demand shocks. We derived capacity utilisation and unemployment relationships, which were estimated and tested using data covering from 1997 to 2016 for three West Africa countries. The results suggest that long-term unemployment and capacity utilisation have a significant impact on unemployment. The policy implications of our findings are that in view of the strong effect of capacity utilisation on unemployment, programmes that enhance efficiency in production and investment enhancing policies may allow unemployed to regain access to the labour market.

Institutions, regulatory framework and labour market outcomes in Nigeria

This paper examines the impact of two major pronounced institutional and regulatory measures, minimum wage and labour union, on labour market outcomes in Nigeria with particular focus on aggregate employment and unemployment, as well as sectoral employment and wage effects. The effect of minimum wage is captured using aggregate and sectoral Kaizt-type minimum wage index, while that of labour union is measured by union density. Static and dynamic analytical methods involving cointegration and error correction model techniques are used on annual data from 1970 to 2012. Results show that minimum wage has positive relationship with unemployment and negative relationship with aggregate employment. Similarly, union density has positive effect on unemployment. The effects of minimum wage and union density on employment and wages across sectors are mixed. It is argued that design and implementation of institutional and regulatory framework need caution, as they may yield unintended results.

The social norm of unemployment in relation to mental health and medical care use: the role of regional unemployment levels and of displaced workers

The relationships between unemployment, mental health (care) and medication use among 50–65 year-old men (N = 11,789) and women (N = 15,118) are studied in Europe. Inspired by the social norm theory of unemployment, the relevance of regional unemployment levels and workplace closure are explored, using multilevel analyses of data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement. In line with the social norm theory, the results show that – only for men – displaced workers are less depressed and use less medication than the non-displaced unemployed. However, they report more depressive symptoms than the employed, which supports the causal effect of unemployment on mental health. Non-displaced unemployed men are also more likely to consume medication than the displaced unemployed. In addition, using regional unemployment as a proxy for the social norm of unemployment can be questioned when studying mental health effects, as it seems to be a stronger measurement of labour market conditions than of the social norm of unemployment, especially during a recession.

U-shaped curve for job search duration and level of education in India

It is observed, particularly in the developed countries that there is a negative correlation between level of education and duration of unemployment. With increasing level of education, unemployment decreases in most of the developed countries. In some other developed country contexts—it has been observed that whereas this negative relationship holds generally, at the highest level of education—there is slight growth in unemployment. However, there is a lack of research on duration of unemployment in the developing countries. There were some indications of inverted “U” shaped nature of education and unemployment relationship in the Indian context. However, these are the outcomes of small surveys. Based on NSSO data of several rounds, this paper observes an existence of inverted “U” shaped relationship between level of education and duration of unemployment in the Indian context. It further attempts to explore the reason for this relationship. It argues that this phenomenon is not a supply-curve phenomenon and rather it is a demand-curve phenomenon. Using 61st, 66th and 68th round NSSO data, possible reasons for the duration of unemployment are explored. It has been observed that there is a pattern of job search among the unemployed people. Whereas, the higher educated people look for jobs in the formal sector, people with low level of education are predominantly looking for jobs in the informal sector. It appears that the level of education leads to higher expectation about the job market and consequently there is a long queue of overeducated people for formal sector jobs. We have looked at other likely factors which might contribute to duration of unemployment. Some of the works on unemployment in the developing countries suggest that consumption pattern might influence duration of unemployment since affordability may lead one to stay out of labour force while searching for a better job. However, this variable does not appear to have significant contribution towards duration of unemployment. It is a well-known fact that age influences incidences of unemployment negatively. However, we observe that age has little to do with duration of unemployment. However, lack of employment in the formal sector (a demand-side phenomenon) and the heightened job expectation due to high education are possibly the reasons for the inverted “U” shaped curve.

Prevalence of Substance Use Disorder and Psychiatric Comorbidities

Prevalence of substance use disorder and psychiatric comorbidities Introduction The substance use disorder (SUD) is one of the most common disorders in adolescence. The lifetime prevalence is 3% to 32%. Alcohol and tobacco are the most used licit substance and cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance. Studies indicate that approximately 75% of patients with SUD have psychiatric comorbidities such as conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and affective d isorder. Adolescents with SUD and comorbid mental disorder have high risk for continuing problems in adulthood. The costs of treating SUD and a psychiatric comorbidity is twice as high when treated separately. Objective To find the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in adolescentes with SUD. Methods The diagnostic instrument Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School aged Children 6-18years (K-SADS-PL) was used to identify SUD and all psychiatry disorders in adolescents admitted to a clinic for SUD treatment. Results In a sample of 30 adolescents with SUD, 8 adolescents (26,6%) has ADHD comorbid and 14 (46,6%) has conduct cisorder comorbid. Four (13,3%) patients has affective disorder comorbid. Conclusion Early diagnosis of a psychiatry comorbidity can improve the treatment in adolescence and prevent further complications such as legal and medical problems, suicide, learning difficulties, school dropout, unemployment and interpersonal relationship problems.

Elevated inflammatory biomarkers during unemployment: modification by age and country in the UK

BackgroundThere is raised risk of mortality following unemployment, and reviews have consistently found worse psychological health among the unemployed. Inflammation is increasingly implicated as a mediating factor relating stress to...

The Effect of Unemployment on Self-Reported Health and Mental Health in Greece from 2008 to 2013: A Longitudinal Study Before and During the Financial Crisis

The current study uses six annual waves of the Longitudinal Labor Market Study (LLMS) covering the 2008-2013 period to obtain longitudinal estimations suggesting statistically significant negative effects from unemployment on self-reported health and mental health in Greece. The specifications suggest that unemployment results in lower health and the deterioration of mental health during the 2008-2009 period compared with the 2010-2013 period, i.e., a period in which the country's unemployment doubled as a consequence of the financial crisis. Unemployment seems to be more detrimental to health/mental health in periods of high unemployment, suggesting that the unemployment crisis in Greece is more devastating as it concerns more people. Importantly, in all specifications, comparable qualitative patterns are found by controlling for unemployment due to firm closure, which allows us to minimize potential bias due to unemployment-health related reverse causality. Moreover, in all cases, women are more negatively affected by unemployment in relation to their health and mental health statuses than are men. Greece has been more deeply affected by the financial crisis than any other EU country, and this study contributes by offering estimates for before and during the financial crisis and considering causality issues. Because health and mental health indicators increase more rapidly in a context of higher surrounding unemployment, policy action must place greater emphasis on unemployment reduction and supporting women's employment.

An analysis of the relationship of inflation and unemployment to the gross domestic product (gdp) in zimbabwe

The time series yearly data for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation and unemployment from 1980 to 2012 was used in the study. First difference of the logged data became stationary as suggested by the time series plots. Johansen Maximum Likelihood Cointegration test indicated a long-run relationship among the variables. Granger Causality tests suggested unidirectional causality between inflation and GDP, implying that GDP is Granger caused by inflation in Zimbabwe. Another unidirectional causality was noted between unemployment and inflation. The causality between unemployment and inflation imply that unemployment do affect GDP indirectly since unemployment influences inflation which in turn positively affect GDP.