Unemployment In Nigeria Research Articles

The built environment craftmanship in higher education institutions: issues and prospects from stakeholders' perception

PurposeNigeria has one of the highest graduate unemployment rates in Africa, and there is no comprehensive policy framework to address it. Evidence shows that integrating craftsmanship into higher education academic programmes can enhance graduate employability. Therefore, there is a need to integrate it into the built environment programmes at institutions in Nigeria. The built environment craftmanship (BEC) in Nigeria's HEIs may have had some challenges, although studies about these challenges are scarce. In this regard, the study investigated BEC's perceived encumbrances and proffered measures to integrate craftsmanship skills in Nigerian HEIs built environment programmes.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopted a qualitative research design using a virtual interview approach to solicit data from 34 experts across Nigeria. An exploratory approach was used to engage selected HEIs in Nigeria and thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the collected data, and saturation was achieved.FindingsThe study findings indicate that integrating BEC in built environment programmes will enhance graduate employment. However, possible encumbrances like institutional frameworks, funding, infrastructural development and pedagogical and social-cultural issues were found to be affecting BEC's integration into built environment programmes at higher education in Nigeria.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should explore more detailed large-scale investigations about integrating craftsmanship into higher education institution (HEI) programmes.Originality/valueGiven the dearth of pragmatic studies on the built environment graduates' unemployment in Nigeria, this research contributes to the academic community debates on reducing graduates' unemployment via BEC in HEIs.

Youth Unemployment and Security Challenges in Anambra State, Nigeria

With special emphasis on the Ogbaru local government area of Anambra state, the study examined issues with youth unemployment and security in Nigeria. In particular, the research looked at how youth unemployment in Ogbaru Local Government Area has impacted poverty and how much it has affected social vices. The research used a survey methodology. The study's sample of 400 respondents was chosen from a group of 221,879 using Yamane's 1976 sample size calculation formula. A percentage and frequency table was used to evaluate the data from the structured questionnaire, and multiple regressions were used to verify the hypotheses. According to the study, youth unemployment has led to an increase in social vices like kidnapping, prostitution, robbery, and thuggery in the Ogbaru local government area. Therefore, the study suggests that in order to address the unemployment issue in Anambra State, Nigeria, government at all levels should generate more employment opportunities. To reduce youth unemployment in Nigeria, the government should also set up centers for vocational training and talent development.

Employment Potentials, Innovation, and R & D Expenditure in Nigeria: Evidence from Indigenous Microenterprises

This study examined employment potentials of indigenous micro-enterprises in Nigeria as an alternative approach to tackling the menace of unemployment in Nigeria. Nigeria is a country with a relatively young population, with a median age of 18 years, which is lower than the African and global averages of 20 and 31 years respectively. A youthful population suggests a strong labor force; with the labor force population of around 70 million in 2020. Providing enough productive jobs for this young demographic (aged 15-29 years) and rising labor force is a challenge; more than 30 million young Nigerians were reported to be unemployed in 2021. As a result of this rapidly growing labor force, job creation is frequently on the top burners of policymakers and governments' development agendas. The dataset employed in the study is a secondary survey data exclusively from the TETFUND Report (2020). In order to achieve our objectives, we employed ordered logit and ordered probit as well as descriptive statistics. We thus found that improved innovation capabilities of these firms were found to result in increase in their employment potentials. Also, increased investment in R&D leads to rise in employment generating potentials of these entities, and adoption of superior foreign technologies in their operations equally improves the chances of the firm to generate employment. As a result, we recommended that there is need for government to offer technical assistance to these enterprises through trainings and workshops to horn their skillsets and build innovation capabilities that result in improved employment potentials. They need to be motivated to commit a sizeable part of their lean resources into activities such as training and re-training of employees that enhance innovation capabilities and employment potentials of these entities.

Educational Investment and Unemployment in Nigeria

Education is a fundamental human right and is essential for the development and progress of any nation. It is a general belief that educated individuals fare better in the labour market than the less educated. This study empirically examines investment and expenditures in education, and its influence on unemployment rate in Nigeria from 1991 to 2021. Unit root test, ARDL approach, bound test, Breusch Godfrey serial correlation LM test and the CUSUM test were employed. Unemployment rate (UER) was used as the dependent variable while Federal government recurrent expenditure (GEE), credit to private sector (CPS), average of school enrollment rate (ASE) as proxy for literacy rate, labour force participation rate (LFP) and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) as the independent variables. Findings revealed that apart from UEM that is stationary at the level, the other variables are stationary at first difference given the 5% level of significance. Labour force participation rate is statistically significant. There is an insignificant positive relationship between government recurrent expenditure on education and unemployment rate in the long -run. On the other hand, credit to private sector, school enrolment rate, and gross fixed capital formation all conform to their a priori expectations, but are insignificant, i.e., statistically indifferent from zero. The study recommended among others that an actionable and working fiscal policy in the educational sector should be established and government should improve on the quality of institutions through better teacher training, investment in educational research development, and the establishment of vocational training centers that provide practical skills to students.

Entrepreneurship Education, Managing Unemployment and Poverty Alleviation in 21st Century

This paper examined the courses of unemployment in Nigeria with a view to proffering practical solution to it so as to reduce poverty rate. Secondary data gathered from various sources such as: CBN reports et cetera covering the period between 1970 to 2014 were used. It employed the regression analysis as the analytical method E-views version 9 and found out that a percentage increase in population growth will increase unemployment by 4.94%. Also the study found a positive relationship between government educational expenditure and unemployment rate in Nigeria and lastly, the result showed there is a positive relationship between gross capital formation and unemployment rate in Nigeria. It concluded by recommending that development of entrepreneurial skills and initiatives through entrepreneurship and training should be of paramount importance especially in the higher education sector so as to facilitate the employability and creativity of graduates who will derivatively contribute wealth of the nation not only as job seekers, but also job creators.

Revisiting the Validity of Phillips Curve in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach

It is evident that in Nigeria inflation and unemployment are growing simultaneously and pose a serious question in terms of the validity of the Phillips curve in Nigeria. This study investigates the relationships that exist with respect to inflation and unemployment in Nigeria using data from the CBN statistical bulletin (2020) from 1981 to 2020. The ARDL model (autoregressive distributed lag) was employed in the study. The study revealed an inverse and significant link between inflation and unemployment only in the short run, while a positive, as well as significant relationship, was found that connects inflation and output in Nigeria also in the short run. We, therefore, recommend the need for government to always consider unemployment in formulating policies aimed at achieving price stability. We also recommend that the government adopts labour-intensive techniques of production to reduce costs and, by extension, reduce the prices of goods and services.

An Information Technology Service Hub for Effective Service Delivery in Nigeria

This paper aims at supporting freelancing and self-employment among information technology service providers, particularly newcomers, by allowing them to use the internet's broad reach to find jobs both inside and outside their location. The ongoing growth in unemployment in Nigeria has impacted every sector of the economy, including the delivery of information technology services. There are many skilled persons in the industry, but possibilities appear to be limited. This is due to the lack of specific platforms for information technology service providers to offer their services, which makes it difficult for potential clients to find a service provider to accomplish their work. This dilemma prompted the construction of a dedicated platform, which would serve as a one-stop shop for both an information technology service provider and a potential client, bridging the gap between them. The object oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) was employed in this research, and HTML, CSS, PHP, MySQL, and JavaScript were used to design the application in order to achieve a high level of scalability and platform performance. It is simple to use and allows service providers on the platform to operate freely without being charged a percentage of their earnings. This paper will be of immense benefit to the unemployed, masses and the Government.

PHONOLOGICAL DEVIATION AMONG SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE IN THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

In Nigeria today, most speakers of English are second users of the language because they acquire their different mother tongues before they come to learn English. This article studied the phonological deviation among speakers of English at the Federal Polytechnic. Nasarawa. Adopting the survey research design, the oral production test (OPT) was used whereby thirty (30) students were randomly selected to speak on some topical issues and issues; related to academics such as Examination Malpractice in Nigeria’s Higher Institutions, Campus Gangsterism, High Rate of Unemployment in Nigeria, The 2019 General Election and hate speeches among politicians during the 2019 electioneering campaign. The student’s speeches were recorded and transcribed in their raw forms and compared with the Received Pronunciation (RP) for the purpose of analysis. The results showed that there were deviations in the production of some sounds that are not present in the phonetic inventory of most Nigerian languages as well as wrong placement of stress on English words. The results also showed that the mother tongue plays a significant role in the wrong pronunciation of English words by most Nigerian English bilinguals.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0208/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Creativity and Innovation Through Technical and Vocational Education for Sustainable Family Survival in Nigeria

This paper examines importance of Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) as a means of sustaining most families especially with the increasing rate of unemployment in Nigeria. The inferiority myth attached TVET was properly analysed as most family in Nigeria believe in the inferiority myth that vocational and training are meant for people of lower aspiration or less academic abilities. The reality has proven otherwise as TVET is the key that transform the economic development of any nation, alleviate poverty and improve quality of life. Therefore, the orientations have to change, and its time for parents and guardians to encourage the children to learn skills and the government to mobilize resources and pay attention to vocational education as a sure way for family sustainability through personal creativity and innovations on the profession.

Effect of Population Growth on Unemployment in Nigeria

This study investigates the impact of population growth on the unemployment rate in Nigeria using the Auto Regression Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is used as a tool to determine series stationarity. Variables considered in the study include unemployment, literacy rate, life expectancy, real GDP, and population. The ARDL cointegration test is used to determine whether there is a cointegration relationship between variables. Furthermore, the results of the cointegration test indicate the presence of cointegration between the explanatory variables and the unemployment rate in Nigeria. The results of the study show that population growth and life expectancy have a positive impact on unemployment in Nigeria. In contrast, the literacy rate and the unemployment rate have an inverse relationship. Additionally, non-oil real gross domestic product shows a negative association with the unemployment rate. The Granger causality test was used to examine further the correlation between population growth and unemployment in Nigeria. The results show that there is no bidirectional causal relationship between population and unemployment, suggesting that each variable is not significantly responsible for the other. However, the probability value of the Granger causality between population and unemployment is 0.1413, which is higher than the significance level (0.005) leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This implies that population growth Granger causes unemployment in Nigeria. This result corresponds to the expectations of a developing country like Nigeria, where the number of jobs created does not keep up with population growth. Keywords: Economic growth, Literacy rate, Life expectancy Population growth rate, Unemployment

Analysing Factors Influencing Women Unemployment Using a Random Forest Model

The unemployment crisis has been a persistent issue for both developed and developing countries, resulting in an economic indicator deficit. Women are at a disadvantage and continue to encounter significant obstacles to gaining employment. Nigeria, like many other developing countries with high unemployment rates, has a 33% unemployment rate. Consequently, there has been minimal research on the factors that affect women's unemployment. As a result, the purpose of this study investigates the factors that influence women's unemployment in Nigeria. Although the Random Forest model has been widely applied to classification issues, there is a gap in the literature's use of the random forest as a predictor for analyzing factors influencing women's unemployment. The random forest model was employed in this study because of its characteristics such as strong learning ability, robustness, and feasibility of the hypothesis space. As a result, the Random forest prediction model was benchmarked with seven different cutting-edge classical machine learning prediction models, which include the J48 pruned tree, Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Logistic Model Tree, Bagging, and Random Forest. The experimental results demonstrate that Random Forest outperformed the other seven machine learning classifier models using ten commonly used performance evaluation metrics. According to the study's findings, age groups, ethnicity, marital status, and religion were the essential factors affecting women's unemployment in Nigeria. Keywords: machine learning, National Demographic and Health Survey, random forest, influencing factors, women unemployment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55463/hkjss.issn.1021-3619.60.38

Impact of Human Capital Development on Unemployment in Nigeria

Impact of Human Capital Development on Unemployment in Nigeria

Nexus between Public Debts, Poverty and Unemployment Rates in Nigeria: A Vector AutoRegression (VAR) Approach

Notwithstanding the upsurge in public debts, it is absurd and worrisome to note that socioeconomic indicators like poverty and unemployment have shown gloomy pictures in Nigeria. The absurd situation makes it unclear on the precise nexus between public debts and unemployment rate on the one hand and poverty rate on the other hand. Consequently, this paper analysed the nexus between public debts, poverty and unemployment in Nigeria. Secondary data of public debts (measured by internal and external debts), poverty and unemployment rates were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics during the period 1981-2021. Using an unrestricted vector auto-regression model, the study indicated that neither internal nor external debts had any significant impact on poverty; however, they influence the level of unemployment rates in Nigeria. Impliedly, most of the public debts incurred within the period of investigation were not growth-oriented and could partly be explained by the fact that most of the borrowings were mainly to finance trade deficits, which were mainly consumable goods. The paper recommended that the current debt-togross domestic product ratio of less than 20 percent should be sustained to ensure that debt remains within the internationally recommended threshold for developing economies like Nigeria. Also, future public borrowings should be targeted at specified productive sectors of the economy that would engender growth in the long-run in terms of job creation and poverty alleviation; this can be achieved via the procedure of tying every public borrowing to specific growth-driving project that are oriented towards job creation and alleviation of poverty

Analysis of Causes and Economic Effects of Youth Unemployment in Nigeria

The rising trend in Youth unemployment and its multiplier effect on increasing menace of social vices has been an issue of serious concern to governments at all levels. In an effort to give jobs to the swarming youth, many administrations developed policies and programmes. Yet, data has indicated that the rate of joblessness has been rising over time. Significantly greater in some circumstances than the national rate. The objective of the study is to investigate the causes, trends and effects of youth joblessness in Nigeria. The paper adopt a desk research and uses statistical and descriptive methods of analysis. It traced the root of the menace and trend of unemployment. The findings revealed that the current spade of growing criminal activities in the country is to certain extent connected to youth idleness. The paper concluded and recommended that the recent policy of inculcating entrepreneurship studies into the school’s curriculum should be vigorously pursued and extended down to senior secondary schools.

Fashion Design Entrepreneurship, Education and Youth Development among Selected Fashion Design Entrepreneurs in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

The acquisition of entrepreneurial skills among Nigerian youths has been seen as a means of reducing unemployment in Nigeria. One of such skills which can enhance the competencies, self-reliance and development of the youths is fashion design entrepreneurship. The study examined the effect of fashion design entrepreneurship and education on youth development among selected fashion design entrepreneurs in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive research design and the population of the study consisted of 120 fashion designers which were carefully selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques in Ilorin metropolis. Total enumeration method was used to arrive at the sample size for the study and an adapted structured questionnaire was administered to the selected fashion design owners. The simple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses generated for the study. Findings of the study revealed that education, financing and epleptic power supply have statistical significant effects on fashion design entrepreneurship and youth intentions. The study concluded that finance, business skills, production materials, machinery and equipment, lack of interest in fashion design, love for activities that can earn quick money, epleptic power supply and lack of connections for showcasing products are major challenges facing fashion design entrepreneurship. It recommended among others, that government should restructure the educational curricula in such a way as to open-up the system to allow for identification of the respective talents and flairs of the youths and redirecting and re-focusing their trainings in tandem with their respective inclinations.

THE ROLE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN ENSURING EFFECTIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION FOR THE ERADICATION OF GRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENT

The paper examines the role of guidance and counselling in ensuring effective entrepreneurship education which will help in the eradication of graduate unemployment. The inclusion of entrepreneurship education in the curriculum of tertiary institutions by the Federal Ministry of Education was intended to make graduates to be self-employed and job creators thereby reducing unemployment in Nigeria. Despite this introduction for all these years, unemployment seems to be on the increase. The value of entrepreneurship education does not seem to have sufficiently impacted on them Based on this, the question arises: why the entrepreneurship education given to our students is not yielding the required result which is job creation? This work is based on cognitive counselling theory. The data was collected through literature review and it was found out that there is a strong positive relationship between career counselling and entrepreneurial development skills which reduce unemployment. It was concluded that for graduate unemployment to be eradicated in Nigeria, the counsellors must ensure that effective entrepreneurship education is put in place. The paper finally recommends the introduction of a course on entrepreneurship education counselling which should precede the main general course on entrepreneurship education in all tertiary institutions in Nigeria.

Carnival and the Theme of Migration

Carnival and the Theme of Migration

Entrepreneurship: A Panacea to Youth Unemployment Challenge

As the problem of youth unemployment persists, especially among developing economies like Nigeria, the need for a workable solution to this problem is continually being sought. Among possible alternative solutions to the problem is entrepreneurship. This paper, espousing entrepreneurship as a key to tackling youth unemployment, presented supporting views to this line of thought. Using descriptive approach, the paper highlighted the situation of youth unemployment in Nigeria, the challenges of the business environment, reliance on entrepreneurship and the way out.

INCULCATING BASIC CATERING TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE RETIREMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF IMO STATE

This paper examined the need to inculcate basic Catering Techniques for Sustainable Retirement among Secondary School Teachers in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. Generally, it has been observed that secondary school teachers retire to become impoverished the most due to lack of prior acquisition of basic skill to move on with life after retirement. However, considering the devastating effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the living standard of the people across the world, retirees especially those with little or no assistance from family members and government usually fall prey to sickness arising from blood pressure or other health challenges due to nothing to fall back on. Catering techniques needed for the retirees after their retirements were listed in the paper. The intention of this study is to prepare them with catering services techniques so as to equip them meaningfully with the basic knowledge and skill to sustain their living after retirement from active working age. Different catering services were highlighted for the benefit of the Retirees. The paper concludes that, increasing rate of unemployment in Nigeria, and the lingering nature of irregular payment of salaries and retirement benefits, an effective training in the major areas of Home Science (basic catering techniques) will ensure functional and productive life for individuals towards national development. The paper therefore, recommends that the federal Government through her ministry of education should sensitize the public through mass media, seminars, and workshops on the benefit of acquiring basic catering techniques.

PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDES OF PRINCE ABUBAKAR AUDU UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARD CAREER IN FASHION DESIGNING

The upsurge in the rate of unemployment in Nigeria has given rise to the need for a shift in attention to the fashion industry. In recent experience, unemployment has pushed people to think entrepreneurship and the creation of one’s own business as the only alternative for survival by people irrespective of their educational background. It is in the light of this, that this study examined the perception and attitudes of students in Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State Nigeria, towards career in fashion designing and job creation. The study objectives included a cursory look into the perception and attidutes of the students towards fashion designing as a career, ascertaining the socioeconomic benefits of fashion designing as a means of job creation and an identification of the challenges associated with fashion designing as a career. The study adopted survey research design with the sample size of 377 from the total population of 23, 927 students using Krejcie and Morgan statistical table, while Schumpeter’s Innovation theory was used to justify the place of fashion designing as a career. Questionnaire and in-depth interview were used as instruments of primary data collection with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V. 20 and content analysis as tools of data analysis. Findings from the study revealed amongst others, that a significant number of Prince Abubakar Audu University students had a high level of perceptions towards fashion designing as they showed interest in the career in fashion designing, and that they as well had a positive attitude towards it while some of them reported that they go for training frequently during the holidays. The study also revealed that choosing a career in fashion design can help create jobs and reduce the rate of unemployment in the society and thereby contributing to the growth of the Nation’s economy because fashion designers are job creators and not job seekers. It further identified that there are certain challenges faced by Prince Abubakar Audu University Students who were interested in choosing fashion designing as a career such as lack of capital amongst others, and concluded that "fashionpreneur” as a lucrative business has the capacity to reduce unemployment in Nigeria and Kogi State in particular if it is properly explored into. Therefore, it was recommended amongst others that school authorities should sponsor empowerment programmes in the school and likewise the government at all levels should provide grant and soft loans for students fashionpreneurs and fashion designers to help their innovativeness in the career.
 Keywords: Perception, Attitudes, Career, Fashion Design, Undergraduates, University.