This study investigated the influence of sulfuric acid hydrolysis on the cellulosic fibers and films’ degree of polymerization (DP). Cotton textile residues (dyed and white) and hydrophilic cotton were used as the raw material. The films were formed by the dissolution of fibers in ionic liquid and regeneration in water. Results showed that dyed cotton residues required hydrolysis at 0.5 M sulfuric acid for 30 min to achieve complete dissolution during viscosimetry assay. Due to different dyeing processes and chemical compositions, the color of the fibers influences the DP. Undyed samples submitted to hydrolysis had DP around 60% lower than samples without pretreatment. This effect was not observed when comparing films with and without hydrolysis, because the depolymerization occurs in the dissolution and regeneration step. This study expands the applicability of viscometry to colored substrates, serving as a starting point for future research on the impact of process parameters and dyes on cellulose polymerization.