Undue Delay Research Articles

Effect of Firm Attributes on Financial Reporting Timeliness of Quoted Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria

Published information may lose its relevance if there is undue delay in it being reported. However, around the world, delay in the auditing of financial statements have been identified as leading to an overall delay in their publication. The study investigates the effect of firm attributes on financial reporting timeliness of the eleven (11) listed oil and gas firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period 2011 to 2020. Sample of eight (8) companies were selected using purposive sampling technique after applying a single filter. The study used Ex-post facto research design. The variables considered were firm age, firm size, leverage and profitability. Financial Reporting timeliness was measured using audit report lag. Panel data were collected from the annual reports and accounts of the selected firms. The multiple regression analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The result of the study indicates that firm age, firm size and profitability significantly affect financial reporting timeliness while leverage does not influence financial reporting timeliness. Therefore, the study concludes that firm attributes especially firm age and profitability are good predictors of financial reporting timeliness. The study recommends that firms should grow their assets, strive to make profit and incur less debt as these factors are very important for investment and other decision purposes by the users of the information.

Kind, Firm, and Fair Medical Regulation: A Systems Approach and Six Ethical Principles

ABSTRACT Background: Regulatory processes can be stressful, anxiety provoking, and complicated for the health professional involved, the institutions they work for, and for the regulators. Methods: This paper uses a case study to describe a systems approach to comprehensively identify the agents (ie: the complainant, the health professional concerned, the regulator dedicated to the case, the institution, the healthcare profession, the public, and the regulatory authority) and 6 ethical issues that emerge during the regulatory process: potential to cause harm, not in the best interest of a person, affects autonomy, unjust, not truthful, and loss of trust. Results: A systems approach lends to a mental model in which there are dynamic interactions across these elements accompanied by positive and negative feedback loops that maintain overall stability of the whole system. Conclusions: The process can be further refined and kinder to those concerned by developing a sensitive approach to improve assessment of risks, using feedback to improve the regulatory process, adapting transparent procedures, not causing undue delays to the process, embedding regulatory activities in a patient safety system, minimizing individual blame, using non-legalistic, non-threatening and respectful communications, and directing the different actors to a support network for guidance and advice.

Acute hand infections and surgical treatment.

Hand infection is a common and frequent problem encountered by surgeons in their outpatient clinics. The causes are varied, ranging from trauma to surgical intervention and to the spread of infection from elsewhere on the body. The causative agents of infection are also varied, and although bacteria are the most common ones, viruses, fungi, and, of course, the problem of diagnosis after parasite infestation as well as rare causes of infections must also be considered. The diagnosis should be quick and the treatment should be as aggressive as possible without undue delay in a justified situation. This will avoid serious complications and consequences of infection on such a complex structure as the hand. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the problem, and to provide information to support early diagnosis. Therapeutic options and interventions are proposed, with an emphasis on a modern, i.e. active, approach to the problem. Possible prevention of infection on the hand is mentioned. The article aims to improve clinical practice in the care of the hand with infection.

Multicenter Validation of the English Version of the Dépistage Cognitif de Québec: a Cognitive Screening Tool for Atypical Dementias.

Early detection of atypical dementia remains difficult partly because of the absence of specific cognitive screening tools. This creates undue delays in diagnosis and management. The Dépistage Cognitif de Québec (DCQ; dcqtest.org) was developed in French and later validated in participants with atypical syndromes. We report the validation of the English version. This multicentre prospective validation study was conducted in 10 centers across Canada and the United States on 260 English-speaking participants aged over 50. We translated and modified the original French DCQ to add targeted stimuli to the Visusopatial Index and social cognition vignettes to the Behavioral Index. A backward translation was performed and equivalence between languages was assessed by administering both tests to 30 bilingual participants. Mean DCQ total score (out of 100) was 95.0 (SD = 3.6). Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.49, p < .001) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Test-retest reliability was good (Spearman's coefficient = 0.72, p < .001) and interrater reliability, excellent (intraclass correlation = 0.97, p < .001). Normative data shown in percentiles were stratified by age and education for a population-based sample of 260 English-speaking controls aged between 50 and 87years old. Similar to the French version, the English DCQ proved to be a valid cognitive screening test. The original version was very sensitive to detect atypical dementias such as primary progressive aphasias, Alzheimer's disease' variants and syndromes along the frontotemporolobar degeneration spectrum. This 20-min test can be administered à la carte and offers an alternative to detailed comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations.

THE RIGHT TO TRIAL WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME AND THE CHALLENGES OF RESPECTING IT IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

The concept of "fair judgment and in a reasonable time" is integral to the administration of justice and the protection of human rights. This abstract explores the dual principles of fairness and timeliness within judicial processes, emphasizing their importance in ensuring that legal outcomes are just, equitable, and efficient. Fair judgment necessitates impartiality, transparency, and adherence to the rule of law, ensuring that all parties receive an unbiased and equitable hearing. Mean while, delivering judgments in a reasonable time is crucial to prevent undue delays that can exacerbate stress, financial burden, and uncertainty for the involved parties. The balance between thoroughness and efficiency is examined, highlighting the challenges faced by judicial systems globally, including caseload pressures and resource constraints. Additionally, the impact of delayed justice on public trust in legal institutions is discussed of Republic of North Macedonia. This analysis underscores the need for systemic reforms, such as procedural streamlining and technological innovations, to enhance the capacity of courts to deliver fair and timely judgments, thereby upholding the principles of justice and maintaining societal trust in the legal system of Republic of North Macedonia.

Fair Satisfaction due to Violations of Patients' Rights in Healthcare

This article explores and presents the meaning of the award of just satisfaction for breaches of patients' rights that interfere with fundamental human rights and the personal integrity of the individual in the field of healthcare. The research is based on well-established methods of legal science, using historical, normative-dogmatic, comparative, axiological and sociological methods. This article reveals and presents a view on the normative regulation of the field of scientific study and points out the shortcomings of the regulation of the judicial protection of rights in health care in the Republic of Slovenia. The study concludes that the interference with a patient's right protected by law results in an interference with the patient's private life, which is why the court should mitigate the ongoing violation and its consequences without undue delay. The patient should be able to seek judicial protection of his or her rights in the healthcare system within the national system through the establishment of an institute of just satisfaction under Article 41 The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The instrument of just satisfaction, as provided for by the ECHR and developed by The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), should be used as an important remedy in cases of violation of a patient's rights where no other immediate judicial remedy is available. It remains open to debate for which violations of patients' rights just satisfaction should be granted and in what procedure in order to ensure its swift effect. Keywords: Just satisfaction; non-pecuniary damage; criteria for non-business liability; exceptional circumstances; mitigation of the harmful consequences

To study the efficacy of romiplostim in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in head and neck cancer patients

Objectives Scheduled delivery of adequate dose of chemotherapy is important to replicate the results expected from original trials. In head and neck malignancies, undue delay of chemotherapy is likely to be associated with poor control or progression. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is one of the reasons to delay chemotherapy. Thrombopoietin agonists (TPO-A) have been found to increase platelet counts by increasing production and mobilization of platelets. Romiplostim is a TPO agonist, studied widely and found to have good impact on prevention and treatment of CIT. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use and effect of romiplostim in CIT in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients. Material and Methods It is a retrospective study regarding practices of romiplostim use in controlling CIT, among patients of locally advanced head and neck carcinoma undergoing induction chemotherapy at a tertiary care cancer center. Data regarding delays in chemotherapy, response assessment, and modification of chemotherapy doses were also noted. Results Out of a total of 110 patients of head and neck malignancy enrolled during the study period, 18 patients received romiplostim support at least once in chemotherapy cycles and were analyzed. All patients were locally advanced and planned for induction chemotherapy. Median platelet counts before starting romiplostim was 76,000 per cumm. A median delay of ten days was noted among these cases where romiplostim was introduced after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Patient receiving romiplostim after the second cycle (n = 6) showed a median delay of 11.5 days (6–18 days) in the initiation of subsequent chemotherapy. None of them was shifted out of chemotherapy plan due to low platelet count. No dose reduction was noted in any of the cases. Conclusion This study provides a good insight about feasibility of using romiplostim in this subset of patients without delay, dose reduction, or discontinuation of chemotherapy.

Assessment of bacterial contamination of the beef at the Tanzania selected abattoirs

ABSTRACT The bacterial contamination of meat carcasses occurs mainly during processing and manipulation. Due to the abundance of nutrients in meat may encourage the growth of microorganisms and the animal transmission of harmful bacteria, meat is regarded as food with a high risk of contamination. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two Abbatoirs in Tanzania, Morogoro Municipality and NARCO, and bacteriological analysis was performed to determine the level of bacterial contamination in beef (chuck beef, sirloin beef and ground beef). Ninety samples from different beef were collected from three breeds (cows) (Ancole, Boran and Gogo) transferred without undue delay to the Laboratory of Food Science of Sokoine University of Agriculture, and subjected to bacteriological examination. The results specified that mean values of Total Plate Count (TPC), at the chuck beef, sirloin beef and round beef were 6.09 ± 0.20, 5.93 ± 0.18 and 5.87 ± 0.18 log cfu/g respectively. Though mean values of Salmonella Count at the previous regions were 1.30 ± 0.19, 1.35 ± 0.20 and 0.93 ± 0.18 log cfu/g, respectively, while mean values of total E.coli count were 1.07 ± 0.14, 1.10 ± 0.12 and 2.03 ± 0.15 log cfu/g, respectively, mean values of total Staphylococcal count were 4.34 ± 0.15, 3.62 ± 0.2 and 4.80 ± 0.14 log cfu/g, respectively. The breeds were not significantly different to all microbes examined. The samples concealed high counts of microorganisms.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: emphasis on early recognition and potential pitfalls.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a shearing injury through the growth plate of the proximal femur and is the most common hip disorder in adolescence. Delays in diagnosis persist across practice settings despite ongoing innovations in imaging. Recent insights into pathomechanics highlight the importance of femoral head surface morphology and rotational microinstability centered at the epiphyseal tubercle in causing early physeal changes, which can be detected on imaging prior to frank slip. Scrutiny of physeal morphology and comparison to the contralateral hip is critical at all stages of disease progression, and improper technique may result in undue diagnostic delay. Selective use of cross-sectional imaging can be helpful for troubleshooting equivocal early slips and can inform operative technique and adjuvant therapy candidacy in more severe cases. This review provides a comprehensive approach to imaging suspected slipped capital femoral epiphysis, with an emphasis on early detection and potential pitfalls.

Penundaan Berlarut (Undue Delay) Penanganan Perkara Dugaan Tindak Pidana Penghalang-Halangan Dan Kekerasan Kepada Kerja Pers: Sebuah Tinjauan Kritis

Guaranteeing rights to press freedom does not only lie in the existence of laws and regulations to protect it and institutions that specifically implement, it but also in certainty in law enforcement. One of the components of press protection is legal certainty in the investigation and/or inquiry process by the Indonesian National Police (Polri). One of the problems in the law enforcement process is protracted delays, also known as undue delays. According to the Ombudsman Regulation No. 26 of 2017, Article 11 regulates that one form of maladministration is protracted delays where services are provided beyond the time quality standards of the service promise. Based on a report by the Legal Aid Center for the Press, from 2020 to 2022, there were nine cases of suspected criminal acts against the Press that were suspected of undue delay or protracted processes. Based on the report and the pattern of these cases, five were physical attacks where the perpetrators were suspected to have come from law enforcement officers themselves, and the other four were cyber attacks. The research aims to find the cause of this problem, which lies in the provisions of the relevant laws and regulations and at the practical implementation level.

Prevalence of Undue Delays in Criminal Proceedings: Realising the Right to a Speedy Trial for Crime Victims in South Africa?

Prevalence of undue delays in criminal proceedings in South Africa poses serious implications not only for the accused person’s right to a fair trial but also for the rights and interests of crime victims. The South African criminal justice system is overburdened. This is because crime in South Africa is currently at an all-time high, resulting in a clogged court system. Due to this overburdened system, the entire criminal justice system is hampered, and cases take longer to resolve. The impact of these undue delays on crime victims, firstly is that justice delayed is justice denied and society resorts to commit vigilantism as they have lost faith in the criminal justice system. Secondly, there has been a perception from the society that the criminal justice system is biased and favors the rights of offenders or accused persons. In Rodrigues v National Director of Public Prosecutions and Other 2019 (2) SACR 251 (GJ), the court when dealing with undue delays for the first time, rights and interests of crime victims were considered even though the matter took more than 40 years. This judgment revealed the importance of the realisation of speedy trial rights for crime victims. Using the qualitative research method, the literature in this article indicates that the enactment of the right to a speedy trial for crime victims can be beneficial to all parties involved in criminal proceedings to curb undue delays in criminal proceedings. This article outlines the causes of undue delays in criminal proceedings, the impact that these delays have on specific crime victims and argues for the implementation and enforcement of the right to a speedy trial for crime victims in South Africa.

Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: Is More Emphasis on Managing and Mitigating its Stressful Ramifications, and Enhancing Coping, and Self Efficacy Cognitions Indicated?

Efforts to mitigate or prevent painful disabling osteoarthritis have been pursued for more than a century with limited success. This current overview briefly summarizes how selected beliefs and behaviors, including coping and stress management approaches are potential mediators or moderators of osteoarthritis pain and its overall common adverse prognosis and outcome. Published data housed predominantly in PUBMED, PUBMED CENTRAL, SCIENCE DIRECT, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR sites and pertaining to selected aspects of the literature of current interest, cumulative results reported as of May 30, 2024, show a modest to strong rationale exists for considering the abovementioned factors in efforts to reduce pain and enable daily functions. Accordingly this line of research should be continued, and translated clinically without undue delay, especially in the face of increases in the aging population and osteoarthritis prevalence and undue suffering.

Компенсация за нарушение права на судопроизводство в разумный срок в арбитражном процессе: проблемные аспекты действующего законодательства и пути их преодоления

The article provides a legal analysis of judicial acts of arbitration courts adopted as a result of considering applications for compensation for the violation of the right to a timely trial in order to assess the effectiveness of using the mechanism of protection against undue delays in case processing. The practice of interpretation and application of legislation on reasonable time frames by courts is considered. The necessity of improving a special law is substantiated.

(268) PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN PRIMARY OR SECONDARY MALE ANORGASMIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract Introduction Anorgasmia may be conceptualized as an extreme variant of delayed ejaculation (DE) in which orgasm cannot be achieved. Anorgasmia may be divided into three categories: primary complete (has never had a normal orgasm), primary incomplete (lifelong undue delay in reaching a climax during sexual activity) or secondary (men who had normal orgasms before but then develop a failure to achieve it). Objective This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological therapy in men older than 18 years with primary or secondary anorgasmia in terms of induced orgasm, improvement of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) or Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX). Methods We included men older than 18 years with primary or secondary anorgasmia with any comorbidity or concomitant medication use. The primary outcome was induced orgasm, change in IIEF or ASEX, and safety. We designed a search strategy in MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, LILACS and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to nowadays. Two researchers reviewed each reference by title and abstract. Then, reviewers confirmed all data in full texts of relevant studies, applied pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted the data. We assessed the risk of bias based on the STROBE statement for observational studies and the Rob 2.0 tool for clinical trials. Results We included 234 patients with anorgasmia (primary or secondary), and 231 patients were treated with pharmacological therapy in the seven included studies. Three studies were observational and four were clinical trials. Some pathologies reported were history of prostatectomy, hypogonadism, psychiatric disorders such as dysthymia, anxiety or depression, and use of antidepressants. Cabergoline was the most frequently administered treatment, followed by yohimbine and bupropion. To a lesser extent they were treated with pycnogenol, cyproheptadine and amantadine. The cabergoline improved orgasm in 66% of the population included by Hollander AB, 2016, the duration of therapy was also the longest at 9.8 months (5.4-13.5). Another study with cabergoline showed a change in IIEF orgasmic function in the intervention group of 3.6 points versus the control of 1.8 (P = &amp;lt;0.001). Adeniyi AA, 2007 and Keller Ashton A, 1997 showed significant improvement in orgasm with yohimbine. The IIEF improved significantly in Abdel-Hamid IA, 2011 with the use of daily bupropion. The ASEX improved with pycnogenol and was maintained in months 2,3 and 4 (p ≤ 0.05) in Smetanka A, 2019. Cyproheptadine before sexual activity had an improvement in orgasm in up to 50% of patients in the studies by Keller Ashton A, 1997 and Hsu JH, 1995. The side effects presented are all mild (headache, nausea, insomnia or sweating) reported in three studies. Amantadine required discontinuation due to symptoms of depression, which improved 48 hours after discontinuation. Conclusions Cabergoline, yohimbine, bupropion and pignogenol may have a positive effect on orgasmic function in patients with primary or secondary anorgasmia, even in those not taking antidepressants. Cyproheptadine before sexual activity improves orgasm in half of patients, however, with few cases described until then. All medications are very well tolerated, with some mild side effects. Disclosure No.

Communism, Cold War, and the 1953 Coup

Even as it passed its seventieth anniversary, the 1953 coup in Iran has remained a hotly debated political topic. This is true in the public spheres of Iran, which saw its last democratically elected prime minister, Mohammad Mosaddeq, overthrown in the coup, and in those of the United States and the United Kingdom, which helped stage the ouster. There also has been an attempt at historical revisionism about the coup, usually by overemphasizing the domestic factors that led to the coup and placing less importance on the role of the CIA or questioning Mossadeq's democratic credentials. This revisionism has been robustly rebutted by the scholarly community, which has held to a general consensus on the basic narrative of the coup: that it overthrew a popular leader and that it took place with significant interventions from London and Washington. The release of the final batch of US documents related to the coup in 2017 (following many years of undue delay) also bolstered evidence for this consensus. But, although most public debates about the coup center on questions such as the constitutional process of Mosaddeq's dismissal or the relative weight given to domestic and international actors behind the coup, there is another historiographical question that has been subject to widely divergent perspectives in the field: the relationship of the coup to the Cold War. In other words, can the 1953 coup be considered a Cold War confrontation, or is this a misleading frame of reference? Both sides of this argument have often focused on the motivations of coup plotters (mostly those in Washington, DC, and London) and whether they are more readily explained by a genuine fear of the communist movement in Iran or whether this was a rhetorical smokescreen, masking the neocolonial drive for the control of Iran's resources. This tension is not limited to scholarship on Iran. Even as new global histories of the Cold War have grown in recent years, some have cautioned against the use of this framework for understanding politics in the Global South. Jeremi Suri, for instance, speaks of a “group of scholars” who have “questioned the very utility of the Cold War as an analytical concept” by pointing to “the ways in which this geopolitical term privileges state actors in the United States and Europe and neglects local forces of change, many of which had little apparent connection to the basic issues and personalities of the Cold War.” In his analysis of the global place of Algeria's drive for independence, Matthew Connelly suggests “taking off the Cold War lens,” arguing that such a lens did less to shape the views of historical actors (such as the Eisenhower administration) than “those of the historians who have studied them.”

Uma via para a legitimidade: o caso das denúncias de fraude na Via Varejo

This teaching case addresses the history of Via Varejo S.A. which received reports of fraud and accounting irregularities at the end of 2019. The company appointed an investigation committee to conduct an independent and detailed analysis which found indications of fraud such as the manipulation of labor provisions, undue delays in writing off assets and accounting for liabilities; and failures in internal controls that could have resulted in material errors in the company’s accounts. The impact was approximately 1.19 billion reais, which fully recognized in their 2019 financial statements and the reexamination of previous periods was not deemed necessary. Considering this uncertain scenario, managers were faced with the following dilemma: how to behave in relation to society considering the findings of fraud? This teaching case is aimed at students in graduate majors in Administration and Accounting who want to study the assumptions of the Legitimacy Theory as well as analyze the actions of this company as strategies designed to maintain or recover its legitimacy.

THE PRINCIPLE OF THE RIGHT TO A COURT IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE POLAND

Pursuant to Art. 45 section 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, everyone has the right to a fair and public hearing of the case without undue delay by a competent, independent, impartial and independent court. As it is emphasized in the doctrine of constitutional law, this provision expresses one of the fundamental rules of a democratic state of law, which is the principle of the so-called right to court. It is a logical consequence of the assumption that in a state of law, only the court is the authority that ultimately decides on the freedoms, rights and obligations of an individual. Moreover, it is a very important right of an individual who can assert his or her rights before a competent, independent, impartial and impartial court, obliged to consider the case fairly and openly.The case law emphasizes that it includes the right of access to a court, which includes the right to initiate a procedure before an independent, impartial and independent court, the right to appropriately shape the court procedure in accordance with the requirements of justice and transparency, and finally the right to a court judgment, that is, the possibility of obtaining a binding resolution of the case by the court.As can be seen from the above, the concept of the Polish legislator assumes the development of the right to a court as a pledge of guarantees with which the court must be „equipped” so that the freedoms and rights of the individual are protected in an appropriate manner. This study will be an attempt to present these guarantees.

Pathways to care and barriers in treatment among patients with Dissociative disorders

IntroductionDissociative disorder patients often present with sudden and embarrassing symptoms, and it is difficult for the patient and care giver to understand initially, recognize the need for help and reach for appropriate treatment timely. This can result in high risk of engaging in dangerous behaviors such as self-harm and suicidal acts, impaired global functioning, and poor quality of life. Knowledge about the types of barriers which are there in treatment seeking, can help in planning strategies for their removal and to facilitate the treatment process. MethodsCross-sectional study among patients (n=133) with Dissociative disorders which were recruited from January 2023 to June 2023 in a tertiary care hospital. Pathways to care and barriers in treatment for Dissociative disorders were assessed by interviewing patients using semi-structured proforma. The Dissociative Experience Scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0)) were used to assess disease severity and impact of illness on various domains of life respectively. Group comparison was made to assess differences in social- clinical profile of patients choosing different modalities of treatment. Results133 patients of Dissociative disorders with mean age 29.6±9.2, showed their first-choice of help seeking from general practitioner/ neurologist (40.6%), traditional faith healers (35.3%), psychiatrist (18.1%) and 5.2% preferred alternative treatments. This trend changed with 2nd and 3rd contact of help seeking with greater preference for psychiatrist in their 2nd (n=45, 33.8%) and 3rd (n=69, 51.8%) contact. The median duration of untreated illness was 56 weeks (IQR 24–182 weeks). Social-clinical profile of patients varied with their choice of treatment, having lower education level (P = 0.013), longer duration of untreated illness (p=0.003), more severity of symptoms (p=0.032) and greater disability scores(p=0.002) in patients whose first treatment choice was traditional faith healers. More than 70% patients faced availability barriers, stigma, unawareness about mental illness and influence of others in treatment of choice as barriers in initiating and continuing treatment. ConclusionPatients with Dissociative disorders seek treatment from a multitude of healthcare providers including traditional faith healers, general physicians, and alternative medicine practitioners before reaching psychiatrist and undergoes various barriers in treatment. There is need to implement necessary measures for sensitization and awareness about Dissociative disorders to prevent prolonged and undue delays in initiation of appropriate management.

Airline insolvencies and environmental concerns: a comparative legal perspective

Abstract Airline insolvencies can be economically stressful for the countries concerned. One of the significant challenges associated with such insolvencies is the grounding of the aircraft over an extended period due to the pendency of the legal proceedings. The ease with which the lessors can regain possession of the aircraft, triggered by the default of the insolvency company, determines the efficacy of the regulatory climate. Leaving aside the financial troubles the insolvent company faces, it may be additionally expected to match its environmental obligations. Therefore, the push for ‘green insolvencies’ is slowly gaining momentum within the international community. The Cape Town Convention stipulates a sui generis process of seeking possession of an aircraft without undue delay. The countries incorporating the Convention into their domestic setups stand to gain a tremendous regulatory edge over those that are yet to align their national laws with this international instrument. While focusing on developing an efficient insolvency framework is not enough in light of the Sustainable Development Goals, it is possible to address environmental concerns by incorporating more climate-sensitive insolvency frameworks at the national level. The countries may continue to turn to their domestic environmental norms in this regard. This research study aims to throw light on how airline insolvencies need to be more considerate towards environmental interests. It seeks to fill the gaps in the current literature regarding this interface and explore this rather tenuous relationship from a comparative legal lens. The first section of the paper provides an overview of the study. The second section considers the applicability of the Cape Town Convention and discusses the relevant insolvency frameworks in the USA, the United Kingdom, Canada, India, and Nigeria. The last section of the study provides the concluding remarks and suggestions.

Clinical Outcome in Newborns after Omission of Heart Rate Counting Step vs Standard Neonatal Resuscitation: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction: In all Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) scenarios, Heart Rate (HR) counting is essential to assess the response to resuscitation. Undue delay in initiating Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) due to the time taken in HR counting may increase the risk of hypoxic injury and infant mortality. Aim: To observe whether omitting the HR counting step in the First Golden Minute (FGM) and early initiation of PPV affects outcomes. Materials and Methods: The present Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted in the Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU), GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, from September 2020 to March 2022. A total of 67 newborns were included, with 34 in the control group (group 1) and 33 in the intervention group (group 2). In the control group, neonatal resuscitation was performed according to Facility-based Newborn Care (FBNC) guidelines, while in the intervention group, only the HR counting step was omitted from the FGM. Both groups of newborns were assessed for outcomes including normal baby, baby developing Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) stage I, II and III, and death. Data was compiled and analysed using percentages for categorical variables. Continuous variables were analysed using mean and standard deviation of Z score and Student’s t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean gestational age was 38.3±5.8 weeks in group 1 and 37.9±6.1 weeks in group 2. Gender distribution was almost equal, with 19 (56%) female newborns in group 1 and 17 (52%) female newborns in group 2. The mean total time from birth to the end of PPV (in seconds) was significantly lower in group 2 (63.47±7.09) compared to group 1 (78.18±8.36), with a p-value of &lt;0.001. Clinical outcomes in group 1 included 10 (29.41%) normal babies, 12 (35.29%) with HIE-I, 5 (14.71%) with HIE-II, 5 (14.7%) with HIE-III, and 2 (5.88%) deaths. In group 2, the outcomes were 14 (42.42%) normal babies, 6 (18.18%) with HIE-I, 8 (24.24%) with HIE-II, 4 (12.12%) with HIE-III, and 1 (3.03%) death. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that even after omitting the HR counting step from the FGM, the outcomes in terms of HIE and death are similar to those observed after following the standard NRP protocol.