Undoped Powders Research Articles

Indium Doping Effects on the Structural, Morphological and Electrical Properties of WO3 Powder Pellets

Abstract Tungsten oxide powders were doped with indium at weight percentages ranging from 5 to 15 wt.% and pressed into pellet form under a pressure of 200 bars. The doping process was carried out using the solid-state reaction technique. The doped samples were sintered at 750 °C for 12 hours. Both undoped and indium-doped powder pellets exhibited a triclinic structure, with hexagonal InxWO3 emerging as a minor phase that increased with higher indium content. Indium doping increased microstrain, the percentage of stacking faults, and defect concentration while decreasing the crystallite sizes in the WO3 powder pellets. Morphological analysis of the samples revealed irregular grain shapes and sizes within the pellets. Notably, indium doping significantly reduced the porosity of WO3 from 7.42% to 3.83% as the indium content increased to 15 wt.%. Electrically, the n-type resistivity increased with higher doping levels, indicating deeper donor levels. Specifically, the donor states in the powder pellets increased from 0.21 eV to 0.27 eV as the indium content rose from 5 wt.% to 10 wt.%, and further reached 0.29 eV at 15 wt.% indium. Moreover, AC signal analysis of the powder pellets demonstrated their potential as microwave resonators suitable for antenna applications. Indium doping effectively engineered the maximum cutoff frequency, with values reaching 80 GHz in WO3 pellets doped with 15 wt.% indium. These powder pellets, with thicknesses not exceeding 700 μm and electrode areas of 3.14×10⁻² cm², show great promise for 5G/6G technology applications as concurrent quad-band antennas.

Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole polymer thin film and the effect of adding silver nanoparticles (PPY/AgNPs)

In this research, a chemical oxidative polymerization process was used to prepare polypyrrole (PPY). The characterization of polypyrrole thin films pure and dopped with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different weight ratios of AgNPs (i.e., 5, 10, and 15 wt%) was studied. The thin films were prepared via the drop casting method and flung down on a clean glass substrate at room temperature. Using FT-IR, XRD, and AFM, the system and facet morphology of the thin films were investigated. FTIR analysis of undoped PPY powder revealed distinctive vibrational frequencies of PPY undoped. Strong absorption bands at 3653 cm-1 (N-H stretching), 2342 cm-1 (nitridation), and peaks at 1542, 1459 cm-1 (C=C, C=N vibrations) were observed. Other peaks at 1176 cm-1 (C-N stretching), 1039, 964 cm-1 (C-H vibrations), 893, 782 cm-1 (C-H bend deformation), 670 cm-1 (C-C deformation), and 590 cm-1 (polypyrrole presence) were identified. The results showed that the FT-IR spectra of pure ppy and the spectra of PPY/AgNPs composites were similar. The single XRD data also showed that ppy is amorphous and The distinctive peak of polypyrrole was found at (2θ) 24.35◦, indicating the short-range arrangement of PPy chains the interlayer distance (d) between the measured value of spacing for PPY was 3.6599 A0. Additionally, By using AFM, the parameters Ra, R.M.S, and G.S. were determined for PPY doped AgNPs thin films. These values increased with higher doping percentages. For undoped PPY thin film, values were (2.557nm, 3.299nm, 33.40nm) while for doped films with 5%, 10%, and 15% AgNPs, values were (3.397nm, 4.859nm, 46.12nm), (9.328nm, 11.90nm, 66.33nm), and (13.87nm, 19.28nm, 86.89nm) respectively. the AFM results for all thin films of PPY undoped and composites doped with silver nanoparticles (PPY/AgNPs) demonstrated that the values of grain size (G.S.) and root-mean-square (R.M.S.) roughness average (Ra) increase as the number of AgNPs increases.

W–CeO2 Core–Shell Powders and Macroscopic Migration of the Shell via Viscous Flow during the Initial Sintering Stage

To retard the mutual contact of W grains to inhibit their growth, in this study, CeO2·2H2O was first coated on the surface of pure W (undoped) particles by a weight percentage of 4% using a wet chemical method to prepare CeO2·2H2O-doped W-based (doped) powders, with W particles as the core and CeO2·2H2O as the shell (W–CeO2·2H2O core–shell structure), without hydrogen reduction treatment. The undoped and doped powders were subsequently sintered using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) apparatus to fabricate bulk materials. The macroscopic migration of the CeO2 shell in the core–shell W–CeO2 system via viscous flow during the initial sintering stage was studied through simulations and experiments. The results showed that a core–shell structure with W particles as the core and CeO2·2H2O as the shell was successfully prepared. The doped powder contained approximately 3.97% CeO2, consistent with the designed content of 4%. The shell materials migrated among the selected four sintered powders, filling the pores and contributing to the improvement in the relative density of the sintered bulk.

Structural and morphological studies on yttrium-doped magnesium aluminate spinel powders synthesized by mixed-fuel solution combustion synthesis approach

The incorporation of yttrium ions into the structure of magnesium aluminate spinel can be an effective approach to modify its microstructure, enhancing its formation, sintering behavior, and mechanical properties. In this work, a mixed-fuel solution combustion synthesis approach was used to prepare yttrium-doped spinel powders with the composition MgAl2-xYxO4 (x=0; 0.02; 0.06 and 0.10). It was shown that combustion of magnesium-, aluminum- and yttrium-nitrate salts solution in the presence of a mixture of specific fuels for each metal nitrate enables the direct production of crystalline spinels without the need for additional thermal treatment. Structural and morphological characterization showed that the main phase in all samples is a spinel phase (S.G. Fd3-m), while periclase (MgO), monoclinic yttrium aluminate (Y4Al2O9), and yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) were found in small portion in some samples. The average crystallite size increased in Y3+-substituted samples relative to undoped MgAl2O4, from 15 nm up to 40 nm. The lattice parameter increased with increase in yttrium content, ranging from 8.071 ? to 8.086 ?. The specific surface area of the synthesized powders spans from 8.2 m?/g for the undoped powder to 3.3 m?/g for the Y3+- substituted spinels with the maximum added yttrium content.

Enhancing infrared emissivity of GdCoO3 with Ca doping: Potential for advanced thermal control materials

The high infrared emissivity material Gd1-xCaxCoO3 was synthesized using the sol-gel method. The structure and composition of Gd1-xCaxCoO3 were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), specific surface area analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for void analysis, and Ultraviolet-Visible-Near-Infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) diffuse reflection spectrum were employed to analyze the surface morphology, elemental composition, specific surface area, pore size distribution, and band gap of the prepared powders. The average infrared emissivity of samples with different doping concentrations at various temperatures (8-14 μm and 3-5 μm) was determined using a dual-band emissivity meter. At room temperature, the infrared emissivity of the doped powders is generally higher, exceeding 0.75 in comparison to the undoped sample powder. As the test temperature increases, the infrared emissivity of all samples shows a significant rise. The infrared emissivity of all samples surpasses 0.91 at 500 °C, with the emissivity of the samples reaching as high as 0.988-14μm (0.993-5μm) with a Ca doping concentration of 5 %. These findings indicate that Ca-doped GdCoO3 powder represents a promising high-emissivity material with broad potential in spacecraft thermal control applications.

The acute inflammatory response to copper(II)-doped biphasic calcium phosphates

Infection and inflammation are two key features to consider to avoid septic or aseptic loosening of bone-implanted biomaterials. In this context, various approaches to fine-tune the biomaterial's properties have been studied in order to modulate the crosstalk between immune and skeletal cells. Cation-doping strategies for tuning of calcium phosphates properties has been evidenced as a promising way to control the biomaterial-induced inflammatory process, and thus improving their osteoimmunomodulatory properties. Copper(II) ions are recognized for their antibacterial potential, but the literature on their impact on particulate material-induced acute inflammation is scarce. We synthesized copper(II) ions-doped biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), intended to exhibit osteoimmunomodulatory properties. We addressed in vitro, for the first time, the inflammatory response of human primary polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to copper(II) ions-doped or undoped (BCP) powders, synthesized by an original and robust wet method, in the presence or absence of LPS as a costimulant to mimic an infectious environment. ELISA and zymography allowed us to evidence, in vitro, a specific increase in IL-8 and GRO-α secretion but not MIP-1β, TNF-α, or MMP-9, by PMNs. To assess in vivo relevance of these findings, we used a mouse air pouch model. Thanks to flow cytometry analysis, we highlighted an increased PMN recruitment with the copper(II) ions-doped samples compared to undoped samples. The immunomodulatory effect of copper(II) ions-doped BCP powders and the consequent induced moderate level of inflammation may promote bacterial clearance by PMNs in addition to the antimicrobial potential of the material. Copper(II) doping provides new insights into calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterials for prosthesis coating or bone reconstruction by effectively modulating the inflammatory environment.

Thermal diffusivity and conductivity measurement of undoped La2O3 powder by homemade photoacoustic spectrometer

Thermal diffusivity and conductivity measurement of undoped La2O3 powder by homemade photoacoustic spectrometer

The Use of Cu-W Sinters in MIG-MAG Welding Contact Tips for Improved Continuous Wire Abrasion Performance

Gas metal arc welding is one of the most widely used welding methods in the industry. Especially when large volume welded manufacturing is required, this method is very successful and practical. The wear of the contact guides, which guide the wire at the tip of the welding torches, but most importantly, provide electrical current transmission, may cause the production time to be extended and the calibration period to be minimized. In this study, the most worn part of the contact guides used in the Gas Welding robots were assembled by making pins from doped and undoped copper powders using the powder metallurgy method. The wear performance was compared by making the obtained pin driven contact guides under mass production conditions. In the study, pressing and sintering processes were carried out with Cu and Cu+W powders. The hardness of the contact guides was characterized by their microstructure and XRD results. It was observed that CuW5 and CuW10 powder mixtures were more successful.

Structural and Optical Properties of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Nano‐Powder

AbstractThe field of nanomaterials has been extensively identified as one of the most promising and rapidly emerging research areas. In this paper, the structural and optical properties of cadmium sulfide (CdS) powder samples are studied. Undoped CdS powder samples are prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and UV‐visible spectra. The structural properties are analyzed using X‐ray diffractometry. The estimated crystallite size of the sample is 28.2 nm calculated from the FWHM of the most intense peak (1 0 1). The optical properties are studied by the ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectrum. It is evident from UV‐visible absorption spectra that the optical band‐gap of the CdS sample is 2.27 eV which is estimated using the Tauc formula.

Influence of Luminescent Properties of Powders on the Fabrication of Scintillation Ceramics by Stereolithography 3D Printing

Luminescent and scintillation ceramic materials with complex shapes, which can be created by stereolithography 3D printing, are of interest for special phosphor and detector applications. Starting powders for such ceramics may possess UV absorption bands; therefore, it is important to study the possible influence of the powders’ luminescent properties on the printing process. This paper deals with complex garnet oxides, Y3Al5O12 and Gd3Al2Ga3O12—well-known hosts for luminescent materials. The photopolymerization rates of slurries based on the luminescent powders produced by various chemical routes are studied, as well as available printing regimes. The slurries containing Ce-doped powders with a broad absorption band in UV have significantly lower photopolymerization rates compared to the undoped ones; a high Ce doping virtually hinders printing with layers thicker than 25–50 μm. Furthermore, the choice of powder synthesis method is shown to influence the printing process. Slurries with Tb-doped powder, with absorption lines at shorter wavelengths, have good photopolymerization activity, close to that of the undoped powder, and can be printed with layer thicknesses of 25–100 μm.

S- and N-Co-Doped TiO2-Coated Al2O3 Hollow Fiber Membrane for Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Ammonia.

This study successfully prepared and tested sulfur- and nitrogen-co-doped TiO2-coated α-Al2O3 (S,N-doped TiO2/Al2O3) hollow fiber (HF) membranes for efficient photocatalytic degradation of gaseous ammonia (NH3). Thiourea was used as a sulfur- and nitrogen-doping source to produce a S,N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst powder. For comparative purposes, undoped TiO2 powder was also synthesized. Through the application of a phase-inversion technique combined with high-temperature sintering, hollow fibers composed of α-Al2O3 were developed. Undoped TiO2 and S,N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst powders were coated on the α-Al2O3 HF surface to obtain undoped TiO2/Al2O3 and S,N-doped TiO2/Al2O3 HF membranes, respectively. All prepared samples were characterized using XRD, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis, SEM, BET, FT-IR, and EDS. S and N dopants were confirmed using XPS and UV-Vis spectra. The crystal phase of the undoped TiO2 and S,N-doped TiO2 photocatalysts was a pure anatase phase. A portable air purifier photocatalytic filter device was developed and tested for the first time to decrease the amount of indoor NH3 pollution under the limits of the lachrymatory threshold. The device, which was made up of 36 S,N-doped TiO2/Al2O3 HF membranes, took only 15-20 min to reduce the level of NH3 in a test chamber from 50 ppm to around 5 ppm, confirming the remarkable performance regarding the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous NH3.

A comparative study of spark plasma and conventional sintering of undoped SnO2 sputtering targets

SnO2 ceramics were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional (pressureless) sintering techniques using undoped submicron SnO2 powders. The effect of sintering temperature and dwell time on the densification behavior, phase evolution, and microstructural development of sintered ceramics were investigated. The relative density of SPSed ceramics increased when dwell time was raised from 1 to 10 min at 950 °C. However, full densification was prevented by the decomposition of SnO2 to Sn. The decomposition started after ∼10 min at 950 °C. In parallel to these observations, as sintering temperature increases, the elemental Sn in agglomerated form increases. On the other hand, the relative densities of conventionally sintered ceramics (at 1200°C-1400 °C) were relatively low (i.e., 63% relative density), and abnormal grain growth was observed due to the shift in sintering mechanisms to evaporation-condensation as a dominant mechanism. Since the undoped SnO2 ceramics, SPSed at 950 °C for 5 min under 30 MPa exhibit 93% relative density, high chemical purity, homogeneous grain size distribution, and smaller average grain size, they demonstrate great potential as sputtering targets for the production of high-quality thin film gas sensors.

Green Synthesis of Gd(OH)3 and Eu:Gd(OH)3 Nanorods: Effect of Reaction Parameters on Morphology, Crystallinity and Thermal Conversion to Photoluminescent Oxide Nanorods

Through a green approach using water as a solvent, nanorods of Gd(OH)3 in the diameter range of 15–50 nm and lengths varying from 40 nm to 290 nm were synthesized at low temperatures with high crystallinity. The as-prepared Gd(OH)3 nanorods were characterized by various methods like XRD, TGA, TEM, etc. The effect of reaction time, base and surface directing agent on the crystallinity and morphology of Gd(OH)3 powders were also investigated. Further, through a similar route Eu doped Gd(OH)3 nanorods were also prepared (showing a similar morphology as undoped powders) that were annealed at modest temperatures to obtain Eu:Gd2O3 powders and their photoluminescence properties were analyzed.

Synthesis, microstructure, and phase transition characteristics of Gd/Nd-doped nano VO2 powders

Abstract The nano VO2 powders were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The effects of Gd and Nd element doping on the structure and phase transition temperature of VO2 were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that Gd element and Nd element will affect the structure of VO2. Gd3+ and Nd3+ can occupy partial position of V4+ lattice and form solid solution, increasing the lattice parameters of VO2. Both the doped and un-doped VO2 powders exhibit a monoclinic structure at room temperature. Due to the lattice deformation caused by Gd or Nd doping, the aggregation of particles is prevented, and the grain is refined obviously. Differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that both Gd doping and Nd doping can reduce the phase transition temperature of VO2(M). When the Gd doping concentration is 6 at%, the phase transition temperature can be reduced from 71.7°C to 60.3°C, and the infrared transmittance before and after the phase transition also changes significantly, reaching more than 40%. Nd doping is similar, and the phase transition temperature decreased to 55.6°C with the addition of 9 at% Nd.

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of undoped and W-doped vanadium dioxide nanorods for thermochromic application

Owing to vanadium dioxide’s semiconductor to metal transition near room temperature, it is an ideal candidate for thermochromic applications. In this paper, we report the synthesis of undoped and W-doped vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanorods using hydrothermal method. VO2 (B) was synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction from vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4·2H2O). VO2 (B) transformed to VO2 (M) after annealing at 500°C under vacuum. The structure and morphology of the synthesised nanorods were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the (011) peak, the XRD patterns of undoped VO2 nanorods powder showed a highly crystalline pure monoclinic phase. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples show a decrease in the intensity and shift slightly toward the direction of the small reflection angle when increasing W-content. According to the SEM results, the nanorods produced have length ranging from 356 to 790 nm, and the width ranges from 51 to 217 nm.

Hydrogen Assisted Magnesiothermic Reduction of Y-Doped, Nanocrystalline TiO2

The direct reduction of TiO2 to low-oxygen titanium metal is achievable via Hydrogen Assisted Magnesiothermic Reduction (HAMR). To investigate and leverage the oxygen-scavenging properties of rare-earth dopant species on the HAMR process, Y-doped and undoped TiO2 powders were synthesized and characterized. HAMR blends incorporating the synthesized TiO2 were reduced under forming gas atmospheres. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization was performed prior to and following reduction. The TiO2 powders were observed to be dense and nanocrystalline. Following reduction, more extensive development of intermediate HAMR phases was observed as a result of Y-doping. The microstructure/phase evolution of the HAMR reduction phases was observed to deviate from the expected for dense TiO2 particles. Rapid restructuring of the TiO2 particle interiors was attributed to increased bulk diffusion rates of nanocrystalline materials. Doped nanocrystalline TiO2 powders were identified as potential alternative feedstocks for HAMR experiments. The byproduct MgO phase was observed to grow as a particle agglomerating network that is dense when formed at 750 °C and porous when formed at 900 °C.

NANOSTRUCTURED IRON OXIDE POWDERS BY MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS

A range of nanostructured oxides with excellent properties is used in technology and science for applications in several fields: catalysis, gas detection, biomedical applications. The most studied forms of oxides are hematite, maghemite and magnetite. In this study, microwave-assisted hydrolytic synthesis and microwave-assisted coprecipitation synthesis are described for the preparation of undoped and doped iron oxide powders using iron (III) chloride (FeCl3), potassium chloride (KCl) as precursors and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution as a hydrolysis agent. Microwave-assisted hydrolysis was performed at different concentrations of FeCl3 precursor: 0.1 M, 0.4 M, 0.7 M to which a constant concentration of hydrolysis agent was added, and the synthesis to obtain potassium-doped powders consisted of co-precipitation of 0.1M FeCl3 and 0.025M KCl precursor solutions in the presence of 2M NaOH hydrolysis agent. The developed powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The novelty is the use of potassium as a doping element for iron oxide, for potential application as catalyst. Hematite doped with 5% K was obtained by microwave-assisted coprecipitation synthesis. The presence of K was evidenced by EDS, while XRD spectra indicate successful doping of iron oxide with potassium, either interstitially or by substitution. By microwave synthesis, an increase in particle size was observed with increasing calcination temperature. The formation of the crystalline hematite phase was not obtained in the microwave heating process but following calcination of the powder

PL, TL and Persistent Luminescence Characterization of Undoped and Eu Doped Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) possesses the closest mineralized structure to natural bone tissue and has been widely using in as bone substitutes and for various biomedical applications. Undoped and doped with rare earth elements HAps are the basis of promising biomedical imaging, bone tissue engineering, gene and drug delivery applications. In the present work, we present the results of investigation of the photoluminescence (PL), thermoluminescence (TL) and persistent luminescence (PersL) of synthetic nanostructured HAp (n-HAp). Undoped and Eudoped (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mol %) n-HAp powders were synthesized by solution-precipitation method and characterized by SEM-EDS, FTIR and Raman techniques. The 3D excitation-emission spectrum of undoped n-HAp exhibits a broad band with excitation/emission maximum at 376/454 nm, respectively. The maximum position slightly shifts to shorter excitation and emission wavelengths with increases of the Eu concentration that could be due to a possible overlapping between the Eu emission band and intrinsic emission of undoped n-HAp. It was found that (similarly to behavior of PL in Si nanocrystals, Xin et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 8310) the emission peak is red-shifted as the excitation wavelength red-shifts. The typical Eu3+ emission bands were observed for high Eu doping concentrations. TL glow curves of n-HAp samples exposed to beta radiation from Sr-Y source display a broad TL peak with maxima in-between 145 and 165 oC depending on the Eu concentration. The highest TL intensity is observed for undoped n-HAp, showing quenching effect of Eu on TL emission. This TL quenching effect contrasted with the PersL decay emission measured immediately after irradiation exposure, which was highest for 0.1 mol % Eu. The intrinsic defects in n-HAp host is related to the PL, TL and PersL emissions; however, the nature of the radiative and non-radiative recombination mechanisms requires further investigation. The PL, TL and PersL of undoped HAp may have prospective application in the fields of radiation detection, ionizing radiation dosimetry and biomedical imaging. Keywords: Hydroxylapatite, thermoluminescence, persistent luminescence.

PREPARATION OF ATO NANOPOWDERS WITH Co-PRECIPITATION AND THEIR LASER-REFLECTION PROPERTIES

Antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were prepared using co-precipitation with tin chloride and antimony chloride as the main raw materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry were used to characterize the crystal structure, morphology and laser reflectivity. The effects of the pH value, co-precipitation reaction temperature, calcination temperature and calcination time on the laser reflectivity of ATO nanoparticles were studied. The results show that, compared with the undoped SnO2 powder, the reflectivity of a Sb-doped ATO powder at a laser wavelength of 1.06 µm is significantly reduced, and with an increase in the Sb doping, the reflectivity of the ATO powder at 1.06 µm first decreases and then increases. When the Sb/Sn molar ratio is 2/10, the reflectivity decreases to the lowest point, which is caused by the high concentration of Sb5+. ATO powders (Sb/Sn = 2/10) prepared at a titration-end-point pH of 2, co-precipitation temperature of 70 °C, calcination temperature of 800 °C and calcination time of 6 h have the lowest laser reflectivity at the laser wavelength of 1.06 µm, which is less than 0.02 %.

Synthesis and characterization of Cobalt doped Polymer Composite Poly [(Thiophene-2, 5-diyl)-co-para bromo benzylidene] by using Polycondensation Method

In this study, we present one pot synthesis and characterization of undoped copolymer and cobalt doped polymer composite, Poly [(Thiophene-2, 5-diyl)- co-p-bromo benzylidene]. Both polymers were synthesized in the laboratory at normal conditions at very low cost by polycondensation of thiophene with pbromo aldehyde. Thiophene (0.02 mmoles) and pbromo benzaldehyde (0.02 mmoles) were refluxed electrically in paraffin oil bath at 87oC for 24 hours in 15 ml neutral solvent 1, 4 dioxan and in presence of catalyst (0.02 mmoles) POCl3 which is dehydrating agent. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion of reaction, 100 ml methanol was added in order to obtain the undoped product. Synthesis of doped polymer was carried out by similar method but after completion of reaction 0.1 gm cobalt sulphate as a dopant was added in the reaction flask and refluxed further for two hours. Cobalt sulphate (0.1gm) was used as a dopant to obtain doped polymer. After completion of the reaction, 100 ml methanol was added to obtain the doped polymer. Then undoped and doped fine dark brown powders obtained were further purified using methanol and finally dried at room temperature for 24 hours. Doping effect on the polymer was also analyzed using different characterization techniques such as: UV-Vis, FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX and BET in order to investigate the physical properties.