Undoped Germanium Research Articles

Orientation-Dependent Dissolution of Germanium

The dissolution of single crystals of undoped germanium in Superoxol etchant is shown to be very closely completely orientation-dependent by the applicability of recent theorems on crystal dissolution shapes. The results of the theory are outlined, and the method of application is described in detail.

The effect of ion pair and ion triplet formation on the solubility of lithium in germanium—effect of gallium and zinc

The present investigation was undertaken to test the prediction that ion pairing or association in solids should lead to increased solubility of a solute in equilibrium with an external phase. The effect of association between lithium ions in solution in germanium with substitutional gallium ions (singly charged) as well as with substitutional zinc (doubly charged) has been examined. Agreement with theory, including the pronounced effect of the doubly charged ions, has been demonstrated. The results also confirm the predicted minimum in the solubility-temperature curves caused by the mass action effect of the hole-electron equilibrium in germanium. It is suggested that solubility determinations may be useful in determining the number of ionization levels of impurities. By taking account of ion-association effects a more accurate curve for the solubility of lithium in undoped germanium has been obtained.