Undesirable Behavior Research Articles

Insulator‐transition‐induced Degradation of Pyrochlore Ruthenates in Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution and Stabilization through Doping

Ru‐based pyrochlores (e.g., Y2Ru2O7–d) are promised to replace IrO2 in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. It is significant to reveal the cliff attenuation on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of these pyrochlores. In this work, we monitor the structure changes and electrochemical behavior of Y2Ru2O7–d over the OER process, and it is found that the reason of decisive OER inactivation is derived from an insulator transition occurred within Y2Ru2O7–d due to its inner ²perfecting² lattice induced by continuous atom rearrangement. Therefore, a stabilization strategy of the Ir‐substituted Y2Ru2O7–d is proposed to alleviate this undesirable behavior. The double‐exchange interaction between Ru and Ir in [RuO6] and [IrO6] octahedra leads the charge redistribution with simultaneous spin configuration adjustment. The electronic state in newly formed octahedrons centered with Ru 4d3 (with the state of eg'2­­a1g­1 eg0) and Ir 5d6 (eg'4a1g­2 eg0) relieves the uneven electron distributions in [RuO6] orbital. The attenuated Jahn‐Teller effect alleviates atom rearrangement, represented as the mitigation of insulator transition, surface reconstruction, and metal dissolution. As results, the Ir‐substituted Y2Ru2O7–d presents the greatly improved OER stability and PEM durability. This study unveils the OER degradation mechanism and stabilization strategy for material design of Ru‐based OER catalysts for electrochemical applications.

Housing-Resources Spatial Mismatch Investigation of Affordable Housing and Policy Implementation: A Case Study from Hangzhou, China

Intensive spatial transformation and restructuring in China these years has brought the separation of residence-job, so as to residence-public services, which adversely affects people’s access and enjoyment of job and public service resources, especially for the disadvantaged populations with limited choice of residence location and insufficient access to those resources. The residents of affordable housing are among the typical disadvantaged populations under the existing affordable housing policy in China. Residence-job separation of affordable housing residents has been paid much attention in literature, but no specific study has been conducted on the residence-public services separation and the behavioral responses of the residents. Spatial mismatch theory was originally put forward to reveal the adverse labor market outcome brought about by residence-job separation, and nowadays some scholars have tried to extend the residence-job spatial mismatch to residence-other resource spatial mismatch. This research responds to both the dilemma facing by the disadvantaged affordable housing residents and the extension trend of spatial mismatch theory. By applying the spatial mismatch theory and taking several affordable housing communities of Hangzhou as examples, the study explore the problems existing in affordable housing in commuting, employment, public service and residents' behavior response. The results found that the current affordable housing policy has led to an increase in commuting costs, a decrease in employment accessibility and welfare, a decrease in accessibility and satisfaction of public services, and disruptive behavior in the affordable housing market. These problems are mainly caused by remote layout and single supply, unreasonable allocation methods, difficulty in exchanging housing units and inadequate supervision of undesirable behaviors. To alleviate the spatial mismatch between housing and resources in Hangzhou, policy suggestions could be considered from four aspects: housing layout and supply, allocation methods, housing exchange and supervision.

Evaluating undesired scratching in domestic cats: a multifactorial approach to understand risk factors.

Despite being a natural feline behavior, scratching can become undesirable from a human perspective when directed at household items. This complex behavior can stem from various motivations, ranging from individual cat characteristics to environmental factors. This study investigates the factors influencing the increased level of undesirable scratching behavior in domestic cats, considering both cat-related and environmental aspects. Data from 1,211 cats were collected for this study. An online questionnaire comprising three sections was utilized. The first section gathered caregiver demographics, while the subsequent section examined aspects of cats' daily routines, social interactions, environments, behaviours, and temperaments. The final section assessed the frequency and intensity of undesirable scratching behavior in cats. Scratching behavior was evaluated based on a combined scratching index. The study suggests that the presence of a child may be associated with scratching episodes in the home environment. Additionally, factors such as play duration, playfulness, and nocturnal activity were identified as significant contributors to heightened scratching levels (p ≤ 0.05). Aggressiveness and disruptiveness also played significant roles in increased scratching behavior (p ≤ 0.05). The location of scratching posts emerged as a significant factor, with posts placed in areas frequented by the cat being more effective in redirecting scratching behavior (p ≤ 0.05). This study reveals several significant associations between cat characteristics, nocturnal activity and play, as well as the environment. It underscores the multifaceted nature of undesirable scratching behavior and emphasizes the importance of comprehensively understanding both the individual characteristics of the cat and its environment to effectively address this behavior.

Knowledge systems, behaviours and organizational tasks for hospital effectiveness: mixed effects on quality of care

PurposeThe healthcare sector relies on knowledge management systems to improve knowledge flows and effectively capture, leverage and share knowledge with several organizational stakeholders. However, knowledge as a resource represents a social construct that involves additional managerial complexities and challenges, including undesirable knowledge behaviours. The aim of the current study is to provide insight on how knowledge management systems, knowledge hoarding, knowledge hiding and task conflict shape the quality of care provided by hospitals. We propose and test an original revealing model.Design/methodology/approachWe follow a quantitative approach to address the structural relationship between variables using a combination of factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The model is tested adopting a structural equation modelling approach and using survey data conducted to 318 healthcare professionals working in Portuguese hospitals.FindingsThe main findings suggest that knowledge hiding is positively related to task conflict in hospitals, and task conflict negatively influences quality of care. Knowledge management systems directly and indirectly (via knowledge hoarding) promote quality of care. Moreover, knowledge management systems also mitigate the negative influence of task conflict over quality of care. We propose a final corollary on the relevant role of HRM as the backstage for the model.Practical implicationsOur research offers a novel insight into an overlap of organizational behaviour and healthcare management research. It provides an original framework on knowledge management systems, counterproductive knowledge behaviours and task conflict in hospital settings.Originality/valueOur research offers a novel insight into an overlap of organizational behaviour and healthcare management research. It provides an original framework on knowledge management systems, counterproductive knowledge behaviours and task conflict in hospital settings.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN NILAI MORAL ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN MELALUI METODE BERCERITA DI RA NURUL HIKMAH PONDOK WULUH LECES PROBOLINGGO TAHUN

This investigation is motivated by the undesirable behavior of the children at RA Nurul Hikmah. The children exhibit rough behavior and frequently use inappropriate language towards their peers. The objective of this study is to enhance the moral values of the children in Group A at RA Nurul Hikmah Pondok Wuluh Leces through the use of the storytelling method. The research methodology employed in this study is Classroom Action Research (PTK). The study was conducted from November to December 2023, involving 15 children from Group A at RA Nurul Hikmah. The research consists of 2 cycles, with each cycle comprising 3 meetings. Each cycle involves four phases: 1) planning, 2) taking action, 3) observing activities, and 4) reflecting on observation results. Descriptive qualitative techniques were utilized for data collection. The results of the research indicate that the children's enthusiasm for learning can be enhanced through the use of the storytelling method. This is evidenced by the increased number of children able to identify right and wrong actions in each meeting, with a percentage increase from 60% in Cycle I to 80% in Cycle II. In conclusion, the moral values of students in Group A at RA Nurul Hikmah Pondok Wuluh Leces can be improved by implementing the storytelling method. Keywords: Moral values; tell a story; children aged 4-5 years.

Use of the Strong Black Woman Construct in Research: An Integrative Review.

This was an integrative review of the literature on research using the strong Black woman (SBW) construct. We searched for data-based articles that mentioned SBW and examined topical areas of investigation, health outcomes and other constructs associated with SBW, and methods used to assess SBW. We found 47 articles. SBW was used to study coping with trauma (n = 11) or perceived offense (n = 10), or engaging in health-seeking behaviors (n = 10). Eighteen studies suggested that SBW was linked to several major health conditions (eg, hypertension, obesity, heart disease) and depressive and anxiety symptoms. SBW was positively correlated with undesirable coping behaviors (eg, self-silencing, maladaptive perfectionism) and negatively associated with self-compassion and help-seeking. The most common method of assessing SBW was using a structured questionnaire (n = 21). Longitudinal studies to examine the impact of SBW belief on Black women's coping with hardship were lacking.

DIFFERENCES IN INCIDENCES OF UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR PATTERNS IN CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIREMENT BASED ON EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS

The aim of this research was to examine incidences of undesirable behavior patterns in children with visual impairment in relation to educational conditions. The sample consisted of two groups of visually impaired children: blind children (N=19), visually impaired children (N=44), selected from the population of visually impaired children from the first to eighth grades in regular elementary schools in the Tuzla Canton, and the population of blind and visually impaired children in special education boarding schools, also from the first to eighth grades in Centers for Blind and Visually Impaired Children and Youth in Nedžarići, Sarajevo, and the Center "Budućnost" in Derventa. The variables were divided into two groups: independent variables and variables for assessing the incidence of undesirable behavior patterns. The obtained results were processed using descriptive analysis and analysis of variance. By analyzing the results on variables assessing the incidence of undesirable behavior patterns, we can conclude that there is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of undesirable behavior patterns between the two examined groups, among children with visual impairment who are educated in special education boarding schools and regular schools, specifically in the variables of unacceptable speech habits and psychological disorders. These undesirable behavior patterns are more prevalent in children attending regular schools compared to those in special education boarding schools, which can be attributed to inadequate acceptance by the social environment and a lack of adequate rehabilitation treatment. Keywords: blind children, visually impaired children, undesirable behavior patterns, educational conditions.

Effects of job attitudes on withdrawal behaviors

The hotel industry, like other service sectors, faces significant challenge in managingwithdrawal behaviors, due to their substantial impact on performance andprofitability. This paper investigates the relationship between two job attitudes –organizational commitment and job involvement – and two withdrawal behaviors –absenteeism and intention to leave. The study utilized a random sample of 734 hotelemployees in Croatia. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict absenteeismand turnover intentions. Statistically significant negative relationships were foundbetween affective and normative commitment and absenteeism, as well as affective,normative and continuance commitment and turnover intentions. However, nosignificant effect was found between job involvement and absenteeism, although astrong and negative relationship exists between job involvement and turnoverintentions. Additionally, a positive relationship was identified between jobinvolvement and all components of organizational commitment. These findings canprovide a foundation for human resource management and decision-makingprocesses in the hotel industry, offering insights into employee attitudes, and can bea pushover in the creation of strategies to manage undesirable employee behaviors.

Suppressing leakage current and charge accumulation via perovskite interface morphology regulation for efficient light-emitting diodes

Charge carriers will recombine outside the emitting layer (EML) in non-ideal perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), which can lead to parasitic loss and be detrimental to the performance of PeLEDs. Here, we have subtly utilized the property of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) to design and optimize the homogeneity and optical property of EML, thereby suppressing the undesired carrier loss behavior in system. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that smaller and more homogeneous NCs in size are obtained by temperature-controlled (TC) method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and temperature-dependent PL spectra show that EML with better optical property and uniformity is fabricated. The multiscale capacitance characterization shows that the device with modified EML exhibits significantly reduced leakage current, while the increased specific surface area between electron transport layer (ETL) and EML substantially reduces charge accumulation. Additionally, multiscale reactance, impedance and phase angle responses, reveal that the carrier oscillation behavior in the optimized device is suppressed compared to control group, leading to less energy loss. Consequently, the optimized devices exhibit lower leakage current and superior electroluminescent properties. The luminance is increased from 31650 cd/m2 to 72941 cd/m2, current efficiency (CE) is improved from 59.9 cd/A to 94.3 cd/A, and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) rises from 12.6 % to 19.7 %, corresponding to improvement of 230 %, 157 %, and 156 %, respectively. This research provides valuable insight into the impact of functional layer morphology on carrier dynamic behavior in PeLEDs.

Compliance and alternative behaviors of heavy gamers in adolescents to Chinese online gaming restriction policy.

In 2021, China implemented a policy to prevent adolescents from excessive online gaming, with the goal of encouraging healthier leisure activities. Three months after this policy was implemented, we conducted a study involving 430 Chinese adolescents who regularly played online games for over two hours daily before the policy. We collected their responses to the restriction, including their compliance with the policy, engagement in undesirable alternative behaviors (e.g., watching short videos), and engagement in desirable alternative behaviors (e.g., playing sports). We also collected data on individual factors, parental technology interference, and feelings of restriction to use as predictors for behaviors, including those related to violating the restriction or watching short videos. A small percentage of heavy gamers violated the restriction by renting others' game accounts (3%) or using a family member's identity (14%), while 59% of the sample shifted to watching short videos. Heavy gamers who lived in rural areas, spent more time on online games prior to the policy, did not feel restricted from playing online games, and experienced parental technology interference were more likely to violate the restriction. Females or those lacking stable hobbies were more inclined to watch short videos. Although the policy restricted heavy gaming, it has also led to increased short video use. Policymakers could explore alternative approaches, such as developing infrastructure that supports outdoor leisure activities in rural areas, encouraging parents to model responsible technology use behaviors, and guiding adolescents to cultivate positive hobbies in their leisure time.

Multi-stage perfect load-bearing behavior for tandem honeycomb by face-centered hierarchical strategy

Tandem design is promising to improve the undesired compressive behavior of honeycomb for the long-stroke demand. Therefore, a novel tandem honeycomb, named tandem face-centered hierarchical honeycomb (TFCHH), is developed to achieve the perfect load-bearing process. The deformation mechanism of TFCHH is revealed by the compressive experiments, which dissipates energy by progressive folding and demonstrates a multi-stage plateau response. The numerical research is conducted to explore the compressive properties of TFCHH. It is observed that the energy absorption and load-bearing stability of TFCHH is 23.04 % and 38.24 % higher than those of integrated face-centered hierarchical honeycomb. To approach the perfect load-bearing behavior of TFCHH, the matching strategy of hierarchy order and relative density is investigated to fully exploit the compressive potential of hierarchical honeycomb components. As a result, the optimal load-bearing capacities of hierarchical honeycomb components with the hierarchy order from 1 to 3 are obtained when the relative densities are 16.6 %, 15.0 %, and 11.2 %. The customized design on the load-bearing behavior of TFCHH demonstrates that altering the stacking sequence can control the deformation sequence of hierarchical honeycomb components, and adjusting the composition proportion can tailor the effective stroke of the desired plateau stress. By establishing the theoretical relationship between the plateau force and configuration parameters, it is found that the load-bearing behavior of TFCHH is accurately predicted with the dynamic correction coefficient of 1.4.

A Qualitative Exploration of Young Canadians’ Experiences of Undesired Dog Behaviours

There is a need for research that explores the challenges associated with dog ownership. In particular, increasing our understanding of how young people manage their dog’s undesired behaviours can inform a more nuanced perspective of dog ownership as well as highlight the impact of such interactions on both dogs and young people. This qualitative study addresses this gap in the human–animal interactions literature through a secondary analysis of a data set of transcribed semi-structured interviews with seven participants aged between 17–26 years. The data were collected during a larger investigation that focused on young people’s relationships with their dogs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using thematic analyses, we examined interviews that probed participants’ experiences and responses when their dogs misbehaved. The findings identified and explored three emerging themes including Attachment Patterns, which was supported by the codes of connection and kinship. The second theme was Synchrony and/or Lack of Synchrony, which was supported by the codes of reaction and communication. The third theme was Response to Challenging Situations, supported by the codes of emotional reactions and coping styles. Findings suggest that participants handled their dog’s undesired behaviours in unique ways and that such situations may negatively impact their emotions. Undesired dog behaviours were not related to participants’ perceptions of poor attachment patterns towards their dogs. These findings can inform efforts to foster positive interactions between young people and their dogs and reduce dog surrenders.

Metal 3D-Printed Bioinspired Lattice Elevator Braking Pads for Enhanced Dynamic Friction Performance.

The elevator industry is constantly expanding creating an increased demand for the integration of high technological tools to increase elevator efficiency and safety. Towards this direction, Additive Manufacturing (AM), and especially metal AM, is one of the technologies that could offer numerous competitive advantages in the production of industrial parts, such as integration of complex geometry, high manufacturability of high-strength metal alloys, etc. In this context, the present study has 3D designed, 3D printing manufactured, and evaluated novel bioinspired structures for elevator safety gear friction pads with the aim of enhancing their dynamic friction performance and eliminating the undesired behavior properties observed in conventional pads. Four different friction pads with embedded bioinspired surface lattice structures were formed on the template of the friction surface of the conventional pads and 3D printed by the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process utilizing tool steel H13 powder as feedstock material. Each safety gear friction pad underwent tribological tests to evaluate its dynamic coefficient of friction (CoF). The results indicated that pads with a high contact surface area, such as those with car-tire-like and extended honeycomb structures, exhibit high CoF of 0.549 and 0.459, respectively. Based on the acquired CoFs, Finite Element Models (FEM) were developed to access the performance of braking pads under realistic operation conditions, highlighting the lower stress concentration for the aforementioned designs. The 3D-printed safety gear friction pads were assembled in an existing emergency progressive safety gear system of KLEEMANN Group, providing sufficient functionality.

Undesirable Customer Behaviours in Banking and De-escalation Techniques

Objectives: The study has three objectives; to identify the types of undesirable behaviour, determine categories of undesirable customer behaviour, and reveal the way of dealing employees with undesirable customer behaviour. Methods: The critical incident technique was utilized in analysing interviews with frontline banking employees and managers in Saudi Arabia. Thematic analysis was chosen to analyse the data. Results: It shows that some customers abuse employees verbally, speak loudly, show contempt, post their frustrations on social media, take photos or videos of employees, and try to harm employees by raising false complaints. The types of undesirable customer behaviour can be divided into three categories, namely, behaviours that harm the employees, behaviours that waste employees' time, and behaviours that frustrate both the employees and the other customers. Conclusion: The study concluded that the types of undesirable customer behaviour are different from one sector to another, and it may not occur in another sector besides the banking sector, and the diversity of undesirable customer behaviours creates a barrier to developing a tactic for each behaviour, and the undesirable customer behaviour can be grouped into three categories according to its impact.

Limited association between stallion-like behavior and hormonal indicators of testicular remnants in geldings

Persistent stallion-like behavior is a common sign of cryptorchidism in supposed geldings. The presence of testicular tissue can be evaluated by analyzing hormones such as testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Here, we used hormonal analysis to investigate relationships between the likely presence of testicular tissue and stallion-like behavior in samples submitted from presumptive geldings (n = 1,202), retrospectively. Most geldings with stallion-like behaviors had serum concentrations of testosterone (851/1,056; 80.6 %) and AMH (682/877; 77.8 %) below the laboratory reference range for cryptorchids (< 60 pg/mL and ≤ 0.15 ng/mL for testosterone and AMH, respectively). A total of 13 samples (13/716; 1.8 %) showed AMH concentrations typical for geldings but testosterone above the cryptorchid range. Conversely, 31 samples (31/716; 4.3 %) had high AMH, suggesting cryptorchidism, but testosterone concentrations implied no testicular tissue. Among the cryptorchid stallions, the AMH and testosterone concentrations did not vary based on the season. However, age categories affected the concentration of both hormones among the presumptive true cryptorchid stallions. The results of this study demonstrate that undesirable behavior in geldings is rarely associated with the presence of testicular tissue, as assessed by these two hormonal biomarkers. This information highlights the complexity of behavior and demonstrates that persistent stallion-like behavior in geldings could be related to factors other than the presence of testicular tissue.

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of ESP32 for Real-time Synchronized Sensor Networks

In recent years, technological advancement characterized by heightened connectivity and digitization has revolutionized our interaction with the world. This evolution has been exemplified by the emergence of the Internet of Things, which has introduced a new era of digitization and automation, primarily propelled by devices based on the ESP32 microcontroller. This study seeks to comprehensively evaluate and characterize a fully functional sensor network built upon the ESP32 microcontroller. The evaluation covers three key aspects: network performance, the ESP32’s built-in ADC peripheral, and the data acquisition system. The ESP32 device has demonstrated its capability to consistently sample sensors at a high rate with remarkable stability. The ESP32’s built-in ADC exhibited undesirable behavior for analog devices, attributed to noise and non-linearity. As a result, in applications requiring precision with analog sensors, the utilization of a cost-effective external ADC, as employed in this study, is recommended. Finally, during the network analysis of the sensor network, no issues were identified. The data acquisition system exhibited no bottlenecks, and packet losses remained minimal, regardless of the sampling period.

A Set Covering Approach to Design Maximally Permissive Supervisors for Flexible Manufacturing Systems

The supervisory control of Petri nets aims to enforce the undesired behavior as unreachable by designing a set of control places. This work presents a set cover approach to design maximally permissive supervisors. For each first-met bad marking, an integer linear programming problem is developed to obtain a control place to prohibit it. An objective function is formulated to make the maximal number of first-met bad markings forbidden. Then, we develop a set covering approach to minimize the number of selected control places. The proposed approach can guarantee the maximal permissiveness of the obtained supervisor and provide a trade-off between structural complexity and computational cost. Several examples are considered to validate the proposed method.

Are there cross-cultural differences in the transformation of motivation process in close relationships?

When faced with an undesirable behavior by one’s partner, theories of relationship maintenance indicate that individuals must undergo a transformation of motivation in order to set aside their initial impulse to respond in a self-centered manner, and instead choose to respond in a pro-relationship manner. However, the cultural psychology literature indicates that a primary focus on one’s own needs and goals is predominantly a feature of individualistic cultures, such as those in the Unites States and Western Europe which have been the setting for the vast majority of close relationships research. Thus, it is possible that people from less individualistic cultural contexts do not experience this same transformation of motivation process when faced with an undesirable behavior by their partner, because their initial impulse is less self-centered and more other- or relationship-centered. To test this hypothesis we conducted pre-registered replications of two classic studies documenting the transformation of motivation process (Yovetich &amp; Rusbult, 1994) using a cross-cultural sample of participants from the U.S. and Thailand. The extent to which people in both cultural settings engaged in the transformation of motivation process was assessed in a correlational study ( N = 187) and an experimental study ( N = 328) of partnered individuals. Results indicate that participants in both cultural contexts experience a transformation of motivation process, and the magnitude of the transformation did not differ between the two countries. Exploratory analyses indicate that Thai participants engaged in more passive behaviors than U.S. participants, and U.S. participants thought passive behaviors were more harmful than active behaviors. Overall, when faced with an unpleasant behavior by one’s partner, the need to set aside one’s initial impulse in order to respond in a more pro-relationship manner appears universal, but the exact behaviors that are the endpoint of that process differ across cultures.

Participation in a Prison-Based Training Programme Is Beneficial for Rescue Dogs.

Dogs are often relinquished because of behavioural issues which may be exacerbated in rehoming centres. Prison-based dog training programmes (DTPs) may enhance outcomes for rescue dogs by providing socialisation and training opportunities to improve behaviour, welfare and likelihood of rehoming. We assessed whether dogs benefitted from participation, 1-3 times per week, in a prison-based DTP in which male young offenders learn how to train and care for dogs waiting to be rehomed. Within DTP sessions, there was significant improvement on a range of training tasks (n = 42 dogs). Analyses of videos (n = 17 dogs) in the kennels and a training barn pre- and post-DTP participation showed improvement in some positive behaviours, but no significant change in other behaviours. Subjective ratings by staff of the dogs' behaviour were made (n = 20 dogs). Desirable behaviours (e.g., playful/friendly) increased, and most undesirable behaviours (e.g., frustrated and noisy) decreased. Participation in the DTP did not mitigate all negative behaviours. However, improvements are consistent with enhanced welfare and likelihood of successful rehoming. Prison-based DTPs can be effective in supporting the work of animal rescue organisations to improve outcomes for dogs, while offering people in custody an opportunity to engage in purposeful activity and provide a community service.

Symmetrized Dot Pattern as an Alternative Method to Visualize the Dynamics of Tokamak Plasma Radiation

The unusual graphic representation of time series based on Symmetrized Dot Pattern (SDP) helps capturing subtle dynamics in the analyzed signals, otherwise difficult to identify when applying traditional techniques. SDP is creating features and forming a global percept easily readable and recognizable for a human observer. Thanks to this method, local correlations of the signals of any sampled data series can be visualized. This work describes the application of SDP to measurements of tokamak plasma radiation, namely the soft X-ray line-integrated brightness on WEST, where it was thus possible to analyze different phases of the discharge and in particular to identify sawtooth oscillations. In the future, the SDP method could be used to monitor the plasma state and to warn against the appearance of undesirable plasma behavior.