Underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination Research Articles

Quantitative 7T sodium magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain using a 32-channel phased-array head coil: Application to patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Apparent tissue sodium concentrations (aTSCs) determined by 23 Na brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have the potential to serve as a biomarker in pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the quantification is hindered by the intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio of 23 Na MRI. The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy and reliability of quantitative 23 Na brain MRI by implementing a dedicated postprocessing pipeline and to evaluate the applicability of the developed approach for the examination of MS patients. 23 Na brain MRI measurements of 13 healthy volunteers and 17 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) were performed at 7T using a dual-tuned 23 Na/1 H birdcage coil with a receive-only 32-channel phased array. The aTSC values were determined for normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and normal appearing gray matter (NAGM) in healthy subjects and SPMS patients. Signal intensities were normalized using the mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium concentration determined in 37 separate patients receiving a spinal tap for routine diagnostic purposes. Five volunteers underwent MRI examinations three times in a row to assess repeatability. Coefficients of variation (CoVs) were used to quantify the repeatability of the proposed method. aTSC values were compared regarding brain regions and subject cohort using the paired-samples Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Laboratory CSF sodium concentration did not differ significantly between patients without and with MS (p = 0.42). The proposed quantification workflow for 23 Na MRI was highly repeatable with CoVs averaged over all five volunteers of 1.9% ± 0.9% for NAWM and 2.2% ± 1.6% for NAGM. Average NAWM aTSC was significantly higher in patients with SPMS compared with the control group (p = 0.009). Average NAGM aTSC did not differ significantly between healthy volunteers and MS patients (p = 0.98). The proposed postprocessing pipeline shows high repeatability and the results can serve as a baseline for further studies establishing 23 Na brain MRI as a biomarker in diseases such as MS.

T1rho, T2, and T2* relaxation time based on grading of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Previous studies have explored the biochemical changes of disc degeneration and its relevance in low back pain using various quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. However, quantitative evaluation of intervertebral disc (IVD) with MRI such as T1rho, T2, and T2* have not been previously analyzed and compared directly in the same patients. To investigate T1rho, T2, and T2* of IVD degeneration in the same patients, reveal the correlation coefficients of these values, and evaluate which values are more sensitive to detect the degree of IVD degeneration. The participants were 55 patients who underwent MRI examinations which the investigator classified the degree of IVD degeneration according to the Pfirrmann classification. The T1rho, T2, and T2* values of IVD were analyzed for their classification and were compared. T1rho, T2, and T2* values were 74.3 ± 7.1, 61.2 ± 6.7, and 46.5 ± 16.3 ms (grade II); 61.6 ± 11.8, 48.9 ± 8.2, and 34.1 ± 11.8 ms (grade III); 50.8 ± 10.8, 38.9 ± 9.8, and 25.4 ± 8.1 ms, (grade IV); 44.5 ± 13.3, 34.8 ± 9.5, and 11.2 ± 6.6 ms (grade V), respectively. Those values significantly decreased with increasing grades, but T1rho and T2 values for grades IV and V were not different. The T1rho and T2 values were excellent for the evaluation of initial to moderate IVD degeneration with water and proteoglycan content. In contrast, the T2* value was suitable for detailed evaluation of progressive IVD, even with poor water content.

The Necessity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

This is a retrospective study investigating the relationship between ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). CDH is a rare cause of pulmonary hypoplasia that increases the mortality and morbidity of patients. Inclusion criteria were: patients diagnosed with CDH who underwent MRI examination after the second-trimester morphology ultrasound confirmed the presence of CDH. The patients came from three university hospitals in Bucharest, Romania. A total of 22 patients were included in the study after applying the exclusion criteria. By analyzing the total lung volume (TLV) using MRI, and the lung to head ratio (LHR) calculated using MRI and ultrasound, we observed that LHR can severely underestimate the severity of the pulmonary hypoplasia, even showing values close to normal in some cases. This also proves to be statistically relevant if we eliminate certain extreme values. We found significant correlations between the LHR percentage and herniated organs, such as the left and right liver lobes and gallbladder. MRI also provided additional insights, indicating the presence of pericarditis or pleurisy. We wish to underline the necessity of MRI follow-up in all cases of CDH, as the accurate measurement of the TLV is important for future treatment and therapeutic strategy.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica.

To describe the prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with the clinical diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Sixteen consecutive patients with untreated PMR, meeting the American College of Rheumatology criteria, underwent MRI examinations of the shoulder(s), hip(s), or both, depending on clinical complaints. Six patients also underwent MRI of the spine. We evaluated 24 shoulders, among which we identified subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis in 21 (87.5%), glenohumeral joint effusion in 17 (70.8%), and fluid distention of the long head of the biceps tendon sheath in 15 (62.5%). Peritendinitis and capsular edema were observed in 21 (87.5%) and 17 (70.8%) shoulders, respectively. We also evaluated 17 hips, identifying hip joint effusion in 12 (70.6%), trochanteric bursitis in 11 (64.7%), peritendinitis in 17 (100%), and capsular edema in 14 (82.4%). All six of the patients who underwent MRI of the spine were found to have interspinous bursitis. Subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis, glenohumeral joint effusion, and hip joint effusion are common findings in patients with PMR. In addition, such patients appear to be highly susceptible to peritendinitis and capsular edema. There is a need for case-control studies to validate our data and to determine the real impact that these findings have on the diagnosis of PMR by MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of non-traumatic hip joint pain

Background: The hip is a significant weight bearing, highly mobile, ball-and-socket synovial joint. There are several reasons of hip pain, such as congenital and developmental, viral, arthritic, and malignant conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice for determining the severity of osseous, chondral, and soft-tissue abnormalities of the hip joint, as well as for characterizing numerous illnesses. This study investigate the role of MRI in identifying hip joint discomfort. Methods and Results: Seventy-five both sexes patients with unilateral or bilateral painful hip joint were examined. The patients with age ranged from 10 to 70 years (mean age 54.74 + 10.52years) were 42 males (mean age 51.44 + 11.50) and 33 females (mean age 42.75 + 12.24) with male to female ratio 1.3:1. All our patients subjected to careful history taking, thorough clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations and local examination of the diseased hip. The majority of patients were in the age group 40-50 years followed by the age group of 50-60 years, with a male preponderance. The commonest chief complaint, other than pain of the involved hip joint, was restricted movement. All patients underwent MRI examination of both hips using a TOSHIBA 1.5 Tesla MRI machine scanner. Unilateral hip involvement was more common than bilateral. The commonest hip disorder was osteoarthritis, followed by avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head, tendinopathy, bursitis, sacroiliitis, Cam type femoral-acetabular impingement, ischio-femoral- impingement and pertheʹs disease. Conclusion: The MRI is the diagnostic method of choice for evaluating hip issues. It can discover certain features that lead to an accurate diagnosis of the uncomfortable hip joint and play a vital role in treatment and monitoring of sick joint by doctors.

Anxiety relaxation during MRI with a patient-friendly audiovisual system

IntroductionMany patients experience anxiety, not limited to claustrophobia, before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. We performed a non-randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether a patient-friendly audiovisual (AV) system in the MR scanner room reduces patient anxiety. MethodsWe randomly selected 61 participants from outpatients who required brain MRI examination. Patients were informed that they could choose to undergo an MRI examination with a patient-friendly AV system (Ambient Experience, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) or the standard system. To complete the MRI examination without affecting clinical practice, all patients who preferred the patient-friendly AV system were assigned to the preferring AV group. Patients who indicated that either system was acceptable were randomly assigned to the no preference but allocated AV group or control (using the standard system) groups. In both groups, state anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was assessed before and after the MRI examination (A-State-before and A-State-after MRI, respectively). The changes in A-State-before and A-State-after MRI were categorized as follows: relieved high-state anxiety, no change in high-state anxiety, stable easiness, and intensified anxiety. ResultsAmong the 61 included patients, 19 were assigned to the preferring AV group, 20 to the no preference but allocated AV group, and 22 to the control group. There were no significant differences between the group. However, in patients with high-state anxiety before MRI, the preferring AV group and the no preference but allocated AV group, which used the patient-friendly AV system, relieved high-state anxiety by 63.6% (7 of 11 patients) and 81.8% (9 of 11 patients), respectively. In contrast, the control group using the standard system relieved high-level anxiety by only 42.9% (three out of seven patients). ConclusionThe patient-friendly AV system may reduce anxiety in patients undergoing MRI examinations. Implications for practiceThe patient-friendly AV system may reduce anxiety in patients undergoing MRI examination by providing a more patient-centered MRI examination environment. These findings may help ameliorate negative perceptions associated with MRI examination.

Significant and nonsignificant findings on magnetic resonance imaging of patients with headache

Aim: The great majority of people suffer from headaches. Neuroimaging has a very limited role in determining the etiology of headache However, neuroimaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is requested for the vast majority of patients with headache. We aimed to determine the frequency of clinically significant and nonsignificant findings on brain MRI in patients with headache, and the factors associated with these findings.
 Material and Method: A total of 350 patients (231 women and 119 men), who underwent MRI examinations for headache complaints, were included in the study. Based on the evaluation of lesions detected on MRI and headache characteristics together, lesions associated with headache were classified as significant findings, and lesions unrelated to headache were classified as nonsignificant findings. Patients were compared in terms of brain MRI findings on the basis of age, gender, and duration of headache complaints.
 Results: Assessment of brain MRIs revealed normal findings in 211 (60.3%) patients, nonsignificant findings in 122 (34.8%) patients, and significant findings that could cause headache in 17 (4.9%) patients. The most common significant lesions were acute sinusitis, acute cerebrovascular accident, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and aneurysm. In patients over 65 years of age, the frequency of significant findings was significantly higher (p:0.001). The frequency of significant findings was higher in male patients and patients with a headache duration of less than one month, but there was no statistical difference (p:0.452 and p:0477). 
 Conclusion: We found significant findings on brain MRI in approximately 5% of patients with headache. Being over 65 years old and acute onset headache increase the probability of detecting significant lesions on MRI. Despite its low diagnostic value, physicians will often refer patients with headaches to neuroimaging for fear of missing a critical underlying lesion and encountering medico-legal issues. Taking into account worrying red flags can increase the likelihood of finding significant lesions.

The use of SNAP and T1-weighted VISTA in cervical artery dissection.

Some cervical artery dissection (CAD) can't be easily confirmed by commonly used angiography techniques in clinical practice. We aimed to compare the abilities of the vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques including simultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (SNAP) sequence and T1-weighted volumetric isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition (T1-w VISTA) sequence alone for evaluating CAD. From July 2017 to October 2020, 59 patients underwent MRI examinations including SNAP and T1-w VISTA sequences for cervical artery pathologies. SNAP and T1-w VISTA images were retrospectively and independently reviewed to evaluate their diagnostic performances of CAD by using the final diagnosis as the reference standard which was established by clinical history, physical examination, and all available images. The agreement between T1-w VISTA and SNAP in the identification of the imaging features of CAD, including intramural hematoma (IMH), intimal flap, and double lumen, were compared. The IMH-wall contrasts by T1-w VISTA and SNAP were also compared. CAD was confirmed in 43 of the 59 patients. T1-w VISTA and SNAP showed the same diagnostic performance, and their consistencies with the final diagnosis were good (κ = 0.776, p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity in CAD diagnosis were 0.978 and 0.750 for T1-w VISTA and SNAP. The IMH, intimal flap, and double lumen observed on SNAP were also determined by T1-w VISTA (κ = 1.000, p < 0.001 for all). The SNAP sequence showed higher IMH-wall contrast than T1-w VISTA (7.34 ± 4.56 vs. 3.12 ± 1.17, p < 0.001). SNAP and T1-w VISTA sequences had the same performance in CAD diagnosis, thus they were both recommended. In addition, SNAP showed better IMH-wall contrast than T1-w VISTA.

Diagnostic Validity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Ependymoma among Bangladeshi Children

Background: Detection of ependymoma is very essential for the management of the patients.&#x0D; Objective: The purpose of the present study was to validate as well as to find out the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of ependymoma among paediatric patients.&#x0D; Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2010 to June 2011 for a period of one year and six months in the Department of Radiology &amp; Imaging at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pediatric Patients having clinically suspected brain tumours of ependymoma variant who were undergone MRI of brain were included in this study. The pediatric patients clinically suspected for brain tumor in posterior cranial fossa region with the suspicion of ependymoma having no contraindication for MRI was underwent MRI examination. The postoperative resected tissues were examined histopathological in the respective department. All the clinical profiles and demographic data were collected.&#x0D; Result: This study included 33 patients with clinical features compatible with posterior fossa tumors. Out of all cases 4 cases were diagnosed as ependymoma in MRI and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Out of 4 histologicaly proved cases, all cases were in ventricle. However, 2 cases were hypointense and 2 cases were isointense in TIWI and 3 cases were hyperintense in T2WI .3 cases are solid and 1 case was mixed. All cases had irregular margin and mass effect. All cases also had peri-lesional oedema. Marked enhancement was present in 3 cases. The sensitivity of MRI for the detection of ependymoma was 75.0% (95% CI 19.41% to 99.37%). However, the specificity of MRI was very high which was 96.5% (95% CI 82.24% to 99.91%). The positive predictive values and negative predictive value of MRI were 75.0% (95% CI 28.73% to 95.71%) and 96.5% (95% CI 83.66% to 99.35%) respectively. The accuracy was 93.9% (95% CI 79.77% to 99.26%).&#x0D; Conclusion: In conclusion accuracy of MRI for the detection of ependymoma is very high.&#x0D; Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 147-151

Inter-examiner reliability of the Chinese version of Axis I diagnoses of the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the inter-examiner reliability of the Chinese version of the Axis I diagnoses of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and to compare the consistency between clinical diagnoses and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Sixty-seven individuals were evaluated by three TMD specialists, and 49 underwent MRI examination. Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (κ) was used to evaluate the inter-examiner reliability and the consistency between clinical diagnoses and MRI manifestations. Results Diagnostic agreement was good to excellent for pain and disc displacement with or without reduction (κ = 0.659–1.000). Agreement between clinical diagnoses and MRI findings was fair to good (κ = 0.400). Conclusion Inter-examiner diagnostic reliability using the Chinese version of the DC/TMD Axis I instruments was excellent, especially for arthrogenic TMDs.

Expert consensus on the clinical practice of neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging.

In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in evaluating neonatal brain development, diagnosing neonatal brain injury, and predicting neurodevelopmental prognosis. Based on current research evidence and clinical experience in China and overseas, the Neonatologist Society of Chinese Medical Doctor Association has developed a consensus on the indications and standardized clinical process of neonatal brain MRI. The consensus has the following main points. (1) Brain MRI should be performed for neonates suspected of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial infection, stroke and unexplained convulsions; brain MRI is not considered a routine in the management of preterm infants, but it should be performed for further evaluation when cranial ultrasound finds evidence of brain injury; as for extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants without abnormal ultrasound findings, it is recommended that they should undergo MRI examination at term equivalent age once. (2) Neonates should undergo MRI examination in a non-sedated state if possible. (3) During MRI examination, vital signs should be closely monitored to ensure safety; the necessity of MRI examination should be strictly evaluated for critically ill neonates, and magnetic resonance compatible incubator and ventilator can be used. (4) At present, 1.5 T or 3.0 T equipment can be used for neonatal brain MRI examination, and the special coil for the neonatal head should be used to improve signal-to-noise ratio; routine neonatal brain MRI sequences should at least include axial T1 weighted image (T1WI), axial T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging, and sagittal T1WI or T2WI. (5) It is recommended to use a structured and graded reporting system, and reports by at least two reviewers and multi-center collaboration are recommended to increase the reliability of the report.

Quantitative assessment of the mandibular condyle in patients with diabetes mellitus using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the mandibular condyle in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). 102 patients with DM and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the TMJs at our hospital between August 2006 and March 2020 were included in this study. 112 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) who underwent MRI examination at our hospital between April 2019 and March 2020 were included as controls. The MRI findings were compared between the two groups. The mean ADC values of the mandibular condyle in patients with DM were significantly greater than the controls (P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed a cutoff of 0.98 for the ADC values of the mandibular condyle in patients with DM. This study found that the ADC on DWI could be used for the quantitative assessment of the mandibular condyle in patients with DM. DWI might serve as a new and noninvasive method to assess the presence of DM.

Bladder paraganglioma: CT and MR imaging characteristics in 16 patients.

BackgroundBladder paraganglioma (BPG) is a rare extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma with variable symptoms and easy to be misdiagnosed and mishandled. The aim of the study was to document the imaging features of BPG using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Patients and methodsWe retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with pathology-proven BPG, who underwent CT or MRI examinations before surgery between October 2009 and October 2017. The clinical characteristics, CT, and MRI features of the patients were described and analysed.ResultsA total of 16 patients with 16 bladder tumours (median age 51 years, 9 females) were included. Among them, 13 patients underwent CT examinations and eight patients underwent MRI examinations preoperatively. Tumour diameters ranged from 1.6−5.4 cm. Most of the tumours grew into the bladder cavity (n = 11) with oval shapes (n = 10) and well-defined margins (n = 14). Intratumour cystic degeneration or necrosis (n = 2) was observed. Two lesions showed peripheral tissue invasion, suggesting malignant BPGs. All 13 lesions imaged with CT exhibited slight hypoattenuation and moderate to marked enhancement. Compared to the gluteus maximus, all lesions showed slight h yperintensity in T2-weighted images, hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted images (DWI), hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient maps, hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and a “fast in and slow out” enhanced pattern on contrast-enhanced MRI images.ConclusionsBPGs are mostly oval-shaped, broadly-based and hypervascular bladder tumours with hypoattenuation on non-contrast CT, T2 hyperintensity, slight T1 hyperintensity compared to the muscle, marked restricted diffusion on DWI. Peripheral tissue invasion can suggest malignancy of the BPGs. All of these features contribute to preoperative decision-making.

Percent change in apparent diffusion coefficient and plasma EBV DNA after induction chemotherapy identifies distinct prognostic response phenotypes in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BackgroundTo evaluate the prognostic value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and monitor the early treatment response to induction chemotherapy (IC) with plasma EBV DNA in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).ResultsA total of 307 stage III-IVb NPC patients were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent MRI examinations to calculate ADC and plasma EBV DNA measurements pretreatment and post-IC. The participants’ ADC value of 92.5% (284/307) increased post-IC. A higher percent change in ADC value (ΔADC%high group) post-IC was associated with a higher 5-year OS rate (90.7% vs 74.9%, p < 0.001) than those in the ΔADC%low group. Interestingly, ΔADC% was closely related to the response measured by RECIST 1.1 (p < 0.001) and plasma EBV DNA level (p = 0.037). The AUC significantly increased when post-IC plasma EBV DNA was added to ΔADC% to predict treatment failure. Thus, based on ΔADC% and plasma EBV DNA, we further divided the participants into three new prognostic response phenotypes (early response, intermediate response, and no response) that correlated with disparate risks of death (p = 0.001), disease progression (p < 0.001), distant metastasis (p < 0.001), and locoregional relapse (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe percentage change in ADC post-IC is indicative of treatment response and clinical outcome. ΔADC% and plasma EBV DNA-based response phenotypes may provide potential utility for early termination of treatment and allow guiding risk-adapted therapeutic strategies for LA-NPC.

Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of Marrow Adjacent to the Sacroiliac Joints in Children During Development.

On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for sacroiliitis, increased T2 marrow signal can be misinterpreted as marrow edema. We hypothesize that a changing but predictable pattern for marrow signal intensity adjacent to the sacroiliac joints is present from infancy through skeletal maturity. The purpose of our study is to characterize the distribution of increased T2 signal intensity within the marrow adjacent to the sacroiliac joints in healthy children. A retrospective review of the electronic health record identified 345 children who underwent MRI examination of the sacrum, sacroiliac joints, or pelvis. Those with underlying disease that may potentially alter sacroiliac marrow signal were excluded. Sixty children, 30 girls and 30 boys, were assessed for T2 marrow signal intensity greater than the interforaminal sacrum and less than or equivalent to the primary spongiosa of the posterior iliac crests at the S1, S2, and S3 levels. The width of increased T2 signal intensity at each sacral level, right and left sides, ilium, and sacrum was measured (mm). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine if there were differences between skeletally immature and skeletally mature subjects; defined as aged 15 years for girls and 17 years for boys. When 30 girls and 30 boys are assessed, the width of increased T2 marrow signal adjacent to the sacroiliac joints is significantly greater in skeletally immature than in skeletal mature female subjects for right S1 sacral side (P = 0.0100), left S1 sacral side (P = 0.0119), right S2 sacral side (P = 0.037), left S2 sacral side (P = 0.0020), and in male subjects for the right S2 sacral side (P = 0.0178), right S2 iliac side (P = 0.0415), right S3 sacral side (P = 0.0024), and left S3 sacral side (P = 0.0037). There were insufficient subjects for whom the ilii extended beyond the S2 sacral segments to assess for the S3 iliac sides. Healthy children and adolescents have increased T2 signal intensity within the sacral marrow adjacent to the sacroiliac joints, likely the vascular primary spongiosum, which is greater in adolescence compared with skeletal maturity. Knowledge of this normal pattern is beneficial in interpreting MRI examinations for the presence of sacroiliitis.

MRI-Derived Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue Reference Values for Children Aged 6 to Under 18 Years.

The assessment of body composition in pediatric population is essential for proper nutritional support during hospitalization. However, currently available methods have limitations. This study aims to propose a novel approach for nutrition status assessment and introduce magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived subcutaneous and visceral fat normative reference values. A total of 262 healthy subjects aged from 6 to 18 years underwent MRI examinations and anthropometric measurements. MRI images at the second lumbar vertebrae were used by two radiologists to perform the semi-automatic tissue segmentation. Based on obtained adipose tissue surface areas and body mass index (BMI) scores sex-specific standard percentile curves (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th) and z-scores were constructed using LMS method. Additionally, 85th and 95th centiles of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were proposed as equivalents of overweight and obesity. Bland-Altman plots revealed an excellent intra-observer reproducibility and inter-observer agreement. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate highly reproducible method and suggest that MRI-derived reference values can be implemented in clinical practice.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Post Traumatic Ankle Joint

Background: The ankle joint injuries are common emergency and account for about 10% of all visits to emergency departments. This is usually due to a sprain related to sports, walking, fall, or road traffic accident. Ankle joint has a complex three-dimensional anatomy, so MRI is considered the modality of the choice in evaluating patients with ankle problems. MRI provides precise information about soft tissue, skeletal and extra-skeletal lesions. Objectives: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of abnormalities and injuries associated with post traumatic ankle joint. Patients and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to April 2021. Sixty patients with post-traumatic ankle joint complaints underwent MRI examination during this period. All patients performed MRI examination in the Radiology Department, Menoufia University Hospital after signing informed consent. Results: Out of 60 patients, nine (16%) were diagnosed with ligamentous injuries, 29 (48.3%) were diagnosed with tendon injuries and 35 (58.3%) were diagnosed with bone injuries. Nine (15%) were fractures, one (1.7%) was bone necrosis and 34 (56.7%) were bone contusions. 55 (91.7%) had joint effusion and 11 (18.3%) had sinus tarsi syndrome. Conclusion: MRI is the modality of choice in evaluating ankle injuries because of its high soft tissue contrast resolution and multi-planar capabilities. It is an ideal modality for global evaluation of the osseous and soft tissue structures of the ankle.

Effect of an Insulation Device in Preventing Hypothermia during Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examinations for Dogs and Cats under General Anesthesia.

Simple SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging examinations require general anesthesia, and it is difficult to prevent a decrease in body temperature because a machine for warming the body cannot be placed in the magnetic resonance imaging room, which must have a low room temperature. In this study, we created a heat insulating device that does not affect magnetic resonance imaging and examined the effectiveness of this device for dogs and cats undergoing magnetic resonance imaging examinations. In the dogs and cats wearing bubble wrap and down cloth blanket, the decrease in body temperature was minimal. The heat insulating device developed in this study protected the animals from the cold air and prevented heat loss from the body surface, minimizing a decrease in body temperature. The results obtained in this study suggest that dogs and cats requiring magnetic resonance imaging can be protected from hypothermia due to general anesthesia without the need for special machinery.Dogs and cats under general anesthesia may develop hypothermia. When performing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, it is not possible to place a magnetic material in the MRI room, and MRI equipment requires a low room temperature. This study investigated the effectiveness of a heat insulating device that prevented hypothermia during MRI examinations in dogs and cats. The animals that underwent MRI examinations under general anesthesia were divided into control groups (no covering) and heat insulating groups (wearing bubble wrap and down cloth blankets), and their body temperatures were measured before and after the MRI examinations. The changes in body temperatures were as follows: control dogs (n = 17), median of −1.0 (from −2.5 to 0.3) °C; heat insulated dogs (n = 7), −0.3 (from −0.8 to 0.2) °C; control cats (n = 14), −1.85 (from −2.7 to −0.6) °C; and heat insulated cats (n = 12), −0.8 (from −1.5 to −0.1) °C. These results revealed that the bubble wrap and down cloth blanket significantly prevented hypothermia and heat loss from the body surface during MRI examinations of dogs and cats.

Analisa Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kecemasan Pasien pada Pemeriksaan MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Background: The existence of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in every hospital is not widely known by the general public or patients, especially about the benefits and importance of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) for radiological supporting examinations. The problem with this examination revolves around its management, especially the indication that requires an MRI examination, the patient tends to have a perception with a little excessive concern that leads to the finding of abnormal examination results.Research methods: The research design used was descriptive qualitative with an observational analytic approach. The technique of determining the sample using a cross-sectional formula. With a sample size of 90 patients who underwent MRI examinations. Data obtained from literature study, observation, documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis used bivariate with chi square method and multivariate with multiple regression test.Result: Chi square and multivariate bivariate analysis with multiple regression test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and education level variables.Conclusion: Of the three variables tested, there are 2 factors that have a relationship with the patient's anxiety level, namely the age and education level of the patient.

O02 Low birthweight is associated with decreased grip strength and reduced leg muscle mass in middle age: findings from the UK Biobank imaging enhancement

Abstract Background/Aims Low birthweight has been shown to be associated with poorer musculoskeletal health in later life in a variety of epidemiological studies. We investigated relationships between birthweight and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of muscle volume, and between birthweight and measures of grip strength in UK Biobank. Methods UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort of men and women aged 40-69 years, including a detailed baseline assessment in which birthweight was collected by self-report. A subset of participants underwent MRI examination with the dual-echo Dixon Vibe protocol, from neck to knees. Automated body composition analysis was performed using the AMRA ProfilerTM system, to segment and quantify total thigh muscle volume. Grip strength was assessed using a Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer. Associations between birthweight, and thigh muscle volume or grip strength (expressed as Fisher-Yates z-scores) were investigated using multivariate linear regression analysis. This study was conducted under generic ethics approval (NRES:11/NW/0382). Results 13,048 participants [5,508 men, mean (SD) age 61.9 (7.6) years and 7,540 women, age 60.9 (7.2) years] were able to recall their birthweight and underwent MRI body composition analysis or had a measurement of grip strength. In both men and women, higher birthweight was associated with greater thigh muscle volume (adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI)): men, β (95% CI): 0.23 (0.16,0.30) SD/kg, p &amp;lt; 0.001; women, β (95% CI): 0.28 (0.22,0.35) SD/kg, p &amp;lt; 0.001. Higher birthweight was also associated with higher grip strength (adjusted for age and height); men, β (95% CI): 0.09 (0.06,0.13) SD/kg, p &amp;lt; 0.001; women, β (95% CI): 0.06 (0.02,0.09) SD/kg, p = 0.001. All associations were robust to additional adjustment for current smoking and physical activity. Conclusion Birthweight was positively associated with MRI measures of thigh muscle volume and grip strength in a population of middle-aged UK adults. These findings provide novel evidence in support of the developmental programming hypothesis and suggest that interventions to optimise birthweight may help to prevent sarcopenia and reduce the risk of falls in future generations. (Project 3593) Disclosure E.M. Curtis: None. S. D'Angelo: None. S. Ashai: None. K. Ward: None. Z. Raisi-Estbragh: None. S. Petersen: None. C. Cooper: None. N.C. Harvey: None.