Underweight Category Research Articles

Descriptive epidemiology of the prevalence of adolescent active travel to school in Asia: a cross-sectional study from 31 countries

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of adolescent active travel to school (ATS) across 31 countries and territories in Asia, overall and by age group, sex and body mass...

Body mass index and 12-year mortality among older Mexican Americans aged 75\u2009years and older

BackgroundThe role of obesity in mortality in the very old and old-oldest Hispanic population has not been studied. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on 12-year mortality among older Mexican Americans aged 75 years and older.MethodsTwelve year prospective cohort study consisting of a population-based sample of 1415 non-institutionalized Mexican American men and women aged 75 and older from 5 southwestern states: Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. Data was from Wave 5 of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2004/2005–2016). Socio-demographics, body mass index (BMI), self-reported medical conditions, disability, depressive symptoms, falls, Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were assessed at baseline during 2004–2005. BMI (Kg/m2) was classified as underweight (< 18.5), normal weight (18.5 to < 25), overweight (25 to < 30), obesity category I (30 to < 35), and obesity category II/morbid obesity (≥ 35). For assessment of mortality, deaths were ascertained through the National Death Index and report from relatives. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of 12-year mortality as a function of BMI categories at baseline.ResultsThe mean BMI was 27.5 ± 1.7 with participants classified as 1.8% underweight, 30.8% normal weight, 39.2% overweight, 20.7% obesity category I, and 7.6% obesity category II/morbid obesity. Mexican Americans aged ≥75 years with overweight or obesity category I had a reduced HR of death (0.82, 95% CI = 0.70–0.96 and 0.75, 95% CI = 0.62–0.91, respectively) over 12-years of follow-up. The HR of death for underweight and obesity category II/morbid obesity participants was 1.59 (95% CI = 1.03–2.45) and 1.12 (95% CI = 0.85–1.46), respectively. Female participants and those with high scores in the MMSE and SPPB had decreased risk of death.ConclusionsThis study showed the protective effect of overweight and obesity on mortality in Mexican Americans above 75 years of age, which might have implications when treating older adults with overweight and obesity.

Association of BMI with pulmonary function, functional capacity, symptoms, and quality of life in ILD

Obesity is a health epidemic associated with greater morbidity and mortality in the general population. Mass loading of the thorax from obesity leads to a restrictive pulmonary defect that reduces lung capacity in obese individuals without pulmonary disease, and may exacerbate the restrictive pulmonary physiology that is characteristic of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The purpose of this study was to test the association of body mass index (BMI) with pulmonary function, functional capacity, and patient-reported outcomes (dyspnea and quality of life) in patients with ILD. We analyzed 3169 patients with fibrotic ILD from the Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Patients were subcategorized as underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5≤BMI<25), overweight (25≤BMI<30), obese I (30≤BMI<35), obese II (35≤BMI<40), and obese III (BMI>40). Analysis was performed using a linear regression with adjustment for common prognostic variables. Overweight and obese BMI categories were associated with worse pulmonary function, functional capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life compared to normal weight. This is likely a result of mass loading on the thorax, and we speculate that intentional weight-loss may improve lung function and functional capacity in obese patients with fibrotic ILD. The underweight BMI category was also associated with worse functional capacity compared to normal weight, which may reflect greater disease severity or the presence of other comorbidities. Future work should explore the clinical utility of BMI to improve patient outcomes.

Risk of Tobacco Smoking and Consumption of Energy Drinks on Obesity and Central Obesity Among Male University Students

BackgroundObesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity and premature death. The prevalence of obesity and being overweight in young adulthood is increasing exponentially globally, including Palestine. Consumption of energy drinks (EDs) and tobacco smoking are highly prevalent among Palestinian young adults. Although different studies have demonstrated that the use of caffeine and tobacco products is highly prevalent among Palestinians, especially university students, the adverse effects of these products on obesity have not been thoroughly investigated.MethodologyMale students from An-Najah National University in the West Bank were recruited to fill out a self-administrated questionnaire in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2021. Obesity was measured as total adiposity by calculating body mass index (BMI) and as central obesity by measuring waist circumference. To determine the association between obesity and ED consumption and tobacco smoking, we used adjusted multiple logistic regression models. Shapiro-Wilk’s test was used to assess the normality of the data.ResultsA total of 396 students filled the questionnaire, with a response rate of 89.4%. The prevalence of obesity and central obesity was 42% and 35.75%, respectively. The prevalence of ED consumption, cigarette smoking, and waterpipe smoking was 59.6%, 39.6%, and 43.2%, respectively. ED consumers were more likely to be cigarette smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 3.827, P < 0.001), waterpipe smokers (OR = 4.578, P < 0.001), and chocolate consumers (OR = 3.524, P = 0.001). Central obesity was associated with waterpipe smoking (OR = 2.126, P = 0.044), increased age (OR = 1.367, P = 0.001), and increased BMI (OR = 1.927, P < 0.001). On the other hand, cigarette smokingincreased the risk of being underweight (OR = 6.255, P = 0.012), and ED consumption decreased the risk of being obese (OR = 0.183, P = 0.017).ConclusionsWaterpipe smoking was a risk factor for increased central obesity, and ED consumption was associated with decreased; however, smoking was associated with the underweight BMI category. Given the undesirable health consequences of consuming the closely associated tobacco and EDs, stricter measures are needed to prevent access to these products.

Association Between Health Literacy and BMI: A Cross-Sectional Study of Suburban Adult Population in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This study investigated the relationship between health literacy and body mass index (BMI) among the suburban adult population in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 196 random participants. Inferential statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The BMI was calculated using the World Health Organization standard, and a health literacy index was constructed using the principal component analysis. Results obtained from the relative risk ratio suggested that a higher level of health literacy directly correlates with a reduction of the obesity, overweight, and underweight categories. The health literacy indicators, including healthy behavior (0.38, p&lt;0.01), nutrition knowledge (0.47, p&lt;0.10), and preventive care knowledge (0.47, p&lt;0.05), significantly influenced BMI. Furthermore, years of schooling have a substantial negative effect on the underweight category (0.71, p&lt;0.01). The government should launch health literacy campaigns at all levels of education and promote the campaigns through social and mass media. A longitudinal study on nationally representative samples should be carried out to assess the impact of health literacy campaigns on the overall health and well-being of the Bangladeshi population.

Demographic and Occupational Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among Dental students in their Final Year at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral compression neuropathy that accounts for 90% of all entrapment neuropathies. Dentists typically have a higher prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders including CTS. Currently, there is a lack of literature on CTS prevalence and risk factors among dentistry in Saudi Arabia. Our study was the first to examine the prevalence and the associated demographic and occupational factors of CTS among dental students. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the School of Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University. A total of 120 dental students in their final year were included. We used a validated self-administered questionnaire that included demographic data, work, medical history, and a modified Katz's hand diagram to assess the symptoms and occupational exposures. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied using SPSS software version 16. The prevalence of CTS among dental students was 13.3%. It was higher in females 10% compared to male 3.3%. There was a significant relationship between the body mass index (P= 0.03) with underweight category by having a higher prevalence of CTS. The use of finger pinch grip showed an inverse association with CTS (P=0.04). Other risk factors were not significantly associated with CTS. The prevalence of CTS among dental students was higher than the general population. However, many previously identified risk factors showed no significant association with CTS adding to the controversy of the contributing risk factors of this disease among dentistry. Finger pinch grip showed inverse association which was contrary to published literature. Future studies may include exposure time for each occupational risk factor preferably in a prospective cohort.

Relationship Between the Eruption of Third Molar Teeth and the Growing Status of the Assamese Inhabitants of a North-Eastern State of India.

ObjectivesEven though permanent teeth eruption time may vary, the tooth eruption stage represents a critical developmental milestone, which may help in the monitoring of the child's growing status towards adolescence. This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between the third molar eruption (TME) and investigate any possible association with the body mass index (BMI), which is used to monitor the growth of children and adolescents.MethodsWe included 1060 student participants aged 14 to 26 years from selected educational institutions in Assam for this study. We performed a conventional clinical dental examination to determine the stages of TME. Moreover, to calculate the individual height and weight, we have carried out a thorough physical examination to assess the BMI and rule out any visible congenital developmental anomalies.ResultThe overall mean age of the status of no eruption (NE), incomplete eruption (IE), and complete eruption (CE) categories of the third molar in the current research were 17.39±2.273, 18.67±2.282 and 20.33±2.566 years, respectively, and the difference in mean age was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). Among the 1060 participants assessed, 163 (15.38%) were underweight, 625 (58.97%) belonged to the average category, 207 (19.52%) were at risk of being overweight, and 65 (6.13%) were obese. The CE in both average and overweight categories was 109 (17.4%) and 37 (17.9%). Similarly, the NE status of the third molar in the underweight and obese category was 120 (73.6%) and 39 (60.0%), respectively. These differences in the frequency of TME in different BMI categories were found statistically significant (p-value <0.05).ConclusionThe result shows a substantial relationship between the mean age of eruption of third molar teeth and BMI among children and adolescents in 14 years to 26 years in the Assamese population. Further, the mean age can be used in forensic age determination.

Age, seasons and influence of body mass index on menarche among secondary school girls in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Menarche is a significant marker of maturity and puberty in girls, and it is a transition influenced by different biophysical factors. This study was carried out to determine the age, seasons and the influence of body mass index (BMI) on menarche. A total of 450 girls’ between the ages of 10 and 19 years participated in the study. Age at menarche was obtained via the recall quo cross sectional method. Parameters measured were; standing height (SH), weight (Wt) and BMI. A total of 373 (82.9%) girls had their menarche in their early adolescence while 77 girls (17.1%) had their menarche in mid adolescence. Mean age at menarche was 13.17± 1.48 years. The average value for BMI was 20.35 ± 3.77 kg/m2, SH was 161.09 ± 6.16 cm, Wt was 52.53 ± 9.21kg. Overweight girls were observed to attain menarche earlier, followed by those whose mean weight was in the normal range .Subjects in the underweight category had higher age at menarche. Menarche was high in the months of August, July and January. Menarche occurs early among secondary school girls in Port Harcourt and among other factors, those associated with BMI and stress are important in the onset of the biological event.

Relationship of overweight and obesity to insomnia severity, sleep quality, and insomnia improvement in a clinically referred pediatric sample.

Children with overweight or obesity are more likely to experience sleep disorders, although the role of weight in pediatric insomnia treatment has not been examined. The current study examined the relationships of high body mass with pretreatment insomnia severity and global sleep problems and the potential moderating impact of weight on changes in insomnia severity following insomnia treatment. Participants included 1,133 youth ages 2-18 years clinically referred for insomnia treatment. The Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index was collected at the initial assessment and throughout treatment as part of routine clinical care. Treatment status was coded as no treatment, early termination, and completed treatment. Secondary measures of global sleep problems at the initial assessment included the Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale, Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale, and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Medical chart review of visits within ± 3 months of baseline was used to obtain age-adjusted and sex-adjusted body mass index Z-score. Among adolescents, regression analyses found that higher body mass index Z-score modestly predicted baseline insomnia severity (P = .021) and worse sleep hygiene (P < .001). For children, higher body mass index Z-score was modestly associated with baseline total sleep problems (P = .006) but not insomnia severity (P = .792). Across ages, body mass index Z-score predicted neither treatment status nor insomnia improvement (P > .05). Findings were similar in categorical analyses comparing patients with overweight/obesity to healthy weight. Although there is evidence that children of higher body mass present for insomnia treatment with greater sleep concerns, body mass does not predict treatment completion or insomnia improvement. Data suggest insomnia treatment is effective irrespective of weight status. Duraccio KM, Simmons DM, Beebe DW, Byars KC. Relationship of overweight and obesity to insomnia severity, sleep quality, and insomnia improvement in a clinically referred pediatric sample. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(4):1083-1091.

Biological Well-Being during the "Economic Miracle" in Spain: Height, Weight and Body Mass Index of Conscripts in the City of Madrid, 1955-1974.

Typifying historical populations using anthropometric indicators such as height, BMI and weight allows for an analysis of the prevalence of obesity and malnutrition. This study evaluates secular changes in height, weight and body mass for men cohorts at 21 years old, born between 1934 and 1954 who were called up between 1955 and 1974, in the city of Madrid, Spain. In this study we prove the hypothesis that anthropometric variables increase thanks to improvement in diet and significant investments in hygiene and health infrastructure during the 1960s. The results of our analysis show a positive secular change in the trends for height (an increase of 4.67 cm), weight (6.400 kg) and BMI (0.90 Kg/m2), the result of a recovery in standards of living following the war and the autarchy of the 1940s. We also observed a slight trend towards obesity and a reduction in underweight categories at the end of the period is also observed. In conclusion, the secular trends of anthropometric variables in the city of Madrid reflect the recovery of living standards after the deterioration of the nutritional status suffered during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the deprivation of the autarchic period.

Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Anemia Among Adolescent Indonesian Girls (Analysis of The Indonesia Family Life Survey 5th Data)

ABSTRACTBackground: Anemia is a condition characterized by low levels of hemoglobin (Hb) from normal limits. Anemia is still a public health problem. Data states that the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia in 2013 was 21.7%, with the number of sufferers known to be higher in women than men. The prevalence of anemia in the age range 15 to 24 years was 18.4%. Nutritional status shows the balance of nutrients due to the consumption, absorption, and use of nutrients that come from food in the body. A person's nutritional status can be said to be deficient if the body lacks intake of one or more essential nutrients for the body. One of the indicators for assessing a person's nutritional status is the Body Mass Index (BMI). Inadequate nutritional status will affect the nutritional status of iron in a person' s body so that it can be interpreted that nutritional status is one of the factors of anemia. Consuming foods with good nutritional value, especially foods that contain high iron will also affect the nutritional status of these adolescents so that the risk of suffering from anemia will decrease.Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between body mass index and anemia among young women in Indonesia.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The data used are secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. The population of this study was all Indonesians who participated in IFLS 5. The sample used in this study amounted to 3,525 respondents. IInclusion criteria of this study included female, aged 10-18 years, unmarried, having complete data regarding body weight, height and hemoglobin measurement results. If data related to the measurement results of hemoglobin, body weight, height are incomplete, they will be excluded.The statistical test was used is a chi-square test.Results: There was a relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and anemia among young women in Indonesia (p = 0.034 &lt;0.05).Based on the odd ratio analysis using the normal Body Mass Index (BMI) group as a comparison, it is known that young women with underweight BMI categories have a 1.198 greater risk of experiencing anemia than girls with normal BMI categories.Conclusion: There is a relationship between BMI and anemia in adolescent girls. It is important for young women to always pay attention to daily iron intake by eating foods that are rich in iron or taking blood-booster tablets (TTD) to avoid anemia.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure Among Medical Students of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Birgunj

Introduction: Body mass index is an important parameter associated with a variety of disease processes. The risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases increases with an increase in body mass index. The study was conducted to compare the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure.&#x0D; Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and correlate the Obesity and Hypertension in medical students&#x0D; Methodology: The study was conducted in 200 students (113 males and 87 females). Height, weight and blood pressure were recorded from all participants and body mass index was calculated. The recorded body mass index was utilized to divide the student into underweight, normal, over weight and obese category according to the World Health organization body mass index classification. Hypertension was determined from the measure of blood pressure. Then comparison of blood pressure with body mass index was made.&#x0D; Results: Among 200 students 6% were obese, 22% were overweight, 65% were normal and 7% underweight. The mean height was 163cm and mean weight 60.48kg. The mean value of systolic blood pressure (105.85, 115.45, 134.95, 137.16 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (70.14, 76.15, 90.72, 93.33 mmHg) increased with increasing body mass index.&#x0D; Conclusion: Overweight and obesity increases the risk of hypertension among students.

A study on impact of iron deficiency on cognition and anthropometry in pediatrics and clinical pharmacist’s intercession to provide awareness about iron deficiency in tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies largely affect pediatric population worldwide. In India, pediatric category is more prone to iron deficiency, the most common micronutrient deficiency disorder which produces haematological as well as non-hematological disturbances. This study aimed to identify the impact of iron deficiency on cognitive function and anthropometric changes in pediatric populations.Methods: A hospital based, prospective observational study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, 127 participants were enrolled in this study. BKT kit of Intelligence, Electronic weighing machine, Stadiometer, BMI Calculator by CDC guidelines and patient’s haemoglobin values were used in this study.Results: Out of 127 patients, 66 patients had iron deficiency with anemia and remaining 61 had iron deficiency without anemia. Cognitive behaviour was assessed based on the norms and majority were under the category- dull average (52 patients) followed by average (45 patients) and other’s had single digit patients. Growth charts of Indian Academy of Pediatrics were used to assess anthropometric characteristics and majority were in the underweight category (61.4%) followed by average category (38.6 %).Conclusions: Low cognitive scores and underweight were found in participants with low haemoglobin levels. Hence, our study provides convincing evidence that iron plays a vital role in the cognition, motor and physical growth. Awareness about the importance of iron and the health issues associated with its deficiency was also provided to the participants.

Can BMI be a predictor of perioperative complications in Head and Neck cancer surgery?

&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; The effect of BMI on development of perioperative complications in head and neck cancer surgeries is not welldefined. &lt;/br&gt;&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt; Aim:&lt;/b&gt; This study aims to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the development of surgical complications during the perioperative period in head and neck carcinoma (HNC) patients. &lt;/br&gt;&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/b&gt; This study was conducted from 2019 to 2020. Electronic medical records of 210 patients undergoing major (clean-contaminated) surgeries were analysed. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test for determining association in categorical data and independent T-test or Mann-Whitney U test for comparison between the presence of complications and relation with continuous clinical parameters were used. &lt;/br&gt;&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The majority of patients were within normal-weight range (68.57%). Only 12.85% of patients had BMI under 18.5 kg/m2 and 18.57% of patients had BMI equal to or more than 25 kg/m2. Coexisting comorbidities were present in 48.7% of patients with BMI of more than 25 kg/m2. Major and minor complications were present in 10.5% and 16.7% of all patients, respectively. Surgical site infections were present in 18.1% of patients. There was no statistical difference in the rate of complications (major, minor and SSI) in underweight, normal weight and overweight categories. The complications were significantly associated with the extent of surgery (P = 0.00413) and blood loss of more than 775 mL (P-value 0.005). &lt;/br&gt;&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt; Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; In conclusion, the rate of surgical complications in head and neck onco-surgeries is not related to BMI of the patients. The perioperative management of these patients might require some modification due to co-existing comorbidities, but the overall impact on the development of complications could not be proven in this study.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PICKY EATING AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

AbstractBackground : Picky eating is a condition when children refuse to eat certain foods. Picky eating usually stops within 2 years as part of the growth process, those who stop picky eating after more than 2 years tend to be more difficult to accept new types of food. This may be unfavorable for a child's growth and nutritional status. The study was conducted to analyze the relationship between picky eating with nutritional status in preschool children. Method : This research method was observational analytic quantitative with cross sectional research design. Sampling used a total sampling technique. Data was collected in 3 preschool in October 2019 using primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire given to parents to measure picky eating used Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Nutritional status was measured bytaking anthropometric measurements of children. Data analysis used fisher exact correlation tests. Results : The results obtained a sample of 78 respondents from 3 preschool. The average age of children was 48,37 months with a median was 49,00. The result showed 62,8% of children were female, 55,1% were second or more children, 88,5% had routine growth monitoring, 53,8% were in extended families, and 73,1% of children were taken care by their parents. The prevalence of children with picky eating was 70,5%. Nutritional status measurements found 1.3% of children included in underweight category and 83,3% normal. Results of the analysis of the relationship between picky eating and nutritional status showed p value = 0,819. Conclusion : There was no relationship between picky eating with nutritional status in preschool children.

The Association of Body Image Self-Discrepancy With Female Gender, Calorie-Restricted Diet, and Psychological Symptoms Among Healthy Junior High School Students in Japan.

Background: Body image self-discrepancy reflects a preference for weight loss regardless of normal body size and is a distorted cognition that may be a precursor to eating disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with body image self-discrepancy among healthy junior high school students in Japan.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at one junior high school in Saitama, Japan, in December 2016. After excluding obese participants (defined as 20% above their ideal weight), 304 students (mean age, 13.9years; n=181 girls, 59.5%) who fell into underweight (n=22, 7.2%) and normal weight categories were selected. Body image self-discrepancy was measured using the Contour Drawing Rating Scale which includes eight separate figures representing body sizes. We then calculated the difference by subtracting ideal from current body sizes and defined body image self-discrepancy if the difference >1.Results: Girls constituted 92% (n=49) of the 53 students with body image self-discrepancy. In all students, multivariable stepwise models demonstrated that female gender (OR, 6.92, 95% CI: 2.33–20.51), a calorie-restricted diet (OR, 5.18, 95% CI: 2.22–12.05), and psychological symptoms (OR, 1.47, 95% CI: 1.15–1.87) were significantly associated with an increased risk of body image self-discrepancy. Specifically for girls, an increased risk of body image self-discrepancy was associated with calorie-restricted suppers and psychological symptoms.Conclusion: Body image self-discrepancy among healthy adolescents in Japan was found to be closely linked to being a girl, having a calorie-restricted diet, and having psychological symptoms.

Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in US Military Academy Cadet Basic Training: A Survival Analysis Evaluating Sex, History of Injury, and Body Mass Index.

Background:Injury incidence for physically active populations with a high volume of physical load can exceed 79%. There is little existing research focused on timing of injury and how that timing differs based on certain risk factors.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to report both the incidence and timing of lower extremity injuries during cadet basic training. We hypothesized that women, those with a history of injury, and those in underweight and obese body mass index (BMI) categories would sustain lower extremity musculoskeletal injury earlier in the training period than men, those without injury history, and those in the normal-weight BMI category.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:Cadets from the class of 2022, arriving in 2018, served as the study population. Baseline information on sex and injury history was collected via questionnaire, and BMI was calculated from height and weight taken during week 1 at the United States Military Academy. Categories were underweight (BMI <20), middleweight (20-29.99), and obese (≥30). Injury surveillance was performed over the first 60 days of training via electronic medical record review and monitoring. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate group differences in time to the first musculoskeletal injury. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).Results:A total of 595 cadets participated. The cohort was 76.8% male, with 29.9% reporting previous injury history and 93.3% having a BMI between 20 and 30. Overall, 16.3% of cadets (12.3% of male cadets and 29.7% of female cadets) experienced an injury during the follow-up period. Women experienced significantly greater incident injury than did men (P < .001). Separation of survival curves comparing the sexes and injury history occurred at weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Hazards for first musculoskeletal injury were significantly greater for women versus men (HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.76-3.94) and for those who reported a history of injury versus no injury history (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18-2.64). No differences were observed between BMI categories.Conclusion:Female cadets and those reporting previous musculoskeletal injury demonstrated a greater hazard of musculoskeletal injury during cadet basic training. This study did not observe an association between BMI and injury.

Performance of neck circumference to predict obesity and metabolic syndrome among adults in a tertiary care hospital in India: A prospective cross sectional study

Aims and Objectives: To explore performance of neck circumference to predict obesity and metabolic syndrome among adults. Materials & Methods: In this prospective study, totally Three hundred cases of both sexes, between 30 to 75 years old, were evaluated. A convenience sampling strategy was used. The sample comprised cases treated at an outpatient clinic for obese children and adolescents in the Hospital. The study included overweight, obese, and normal weight subjects, according to criteria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Exclusion criteria were: cervical lymph nodes or deformities, goitre, late neuropsychological and motor development, congenital syndromes, hepatopathy, nephropathy, metabolic disorders (such as type 1 diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism) and use of systemic corticosteroids. Results: In the present study, 17 cases belongs to age group of less than 31 years, 70 cases belongs to 31 to 40 year group, 43 cases belongs to 41 to 50 year group and 170 cases belongs to more than 50 year age group, 159 cases were male and 131 cases were female, one case belongs to underweight category, 84 cases belongs to normal weight category, 152 cases belongs to overweight category and 63 cases belongs to obese category. In males, 32 cases NC was less than 37 cms and 127 cases was more than 37 cms and In females, 47 cases NC was less than 34 cms and 84 cases was more than 34 cms. 86 cases were suffering from diabetes, 135 cases were suffering from hyperlipidemia, 2 cases were suffering from chronic kidney disease, 4 cases were suffering from coronary artery disease, 29 cases were suffering from hypertension, 15 cases were suffering from hypothyroidism, FBS was normal in range in 174 cases and abnormal in 126 cases, HBA1C was normal in 174 cases and abnormal in 126 cases. Conclusion: Strength of the study is that it was community based, making it more precise in the results and wider age groups have been included in the study. In spite of all the limitations, measuring upper body fat by neck circumference is a reasonable method to evaluate the obesity status.

High Prevalence of Osteopathy in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Cross-sectional Analysis From the PROCEED Study

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with osteopathy (osteoporosis or osteopenia). However, existing literature is mostly limited to retrospective or administrative studies that have not clearly defined the prevalence and risk factors. Our aim was to identify patient- and disease-related associations with osteopathy in a prospective cohort study of CP. We studied 282 subjects with definitive CP enrolled in the PROCEED study who had a baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were defined using the lowest T-scores. Clinical data were collected using standardized case report forms. Comparisons were performed with a multivariate logistic regression model with forward selection to identify risk factors for osteopathy. The majority of subjects had osteopathy on DXA scan (56.0%; 17.0% osteoporosis; 39.0% osteopenia). Subjects with osteopathy had a higher prevalence of traumatic (40.0% vs 26.4%; P= .02) and spontaneous fractures (3.9% vs 0; P= .04). On multivariate analysis, older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.29 per 5 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.45), female sex (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.75-5.43), white race (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.20-6.01), and underweight body mass index category (OR, 7.40; 95% CI, 1.56-34.99) were associated with higher probability of osteopathy. There were no significant associations between osteopathy and other patient and disease-related features of CP. In the largest study of patients with CP who underwent DXA screening, the majority had osteopathy. There are overlapping risk factors with osteopathy in the general population, but the high prevalence in men and younger women supports the need for future investigations into the mechanisms of bone loss in CP. gov number, NCT03099850.

An Epidemiological Study for Assessment of Selected Lifestyle Disorders among University Students at Central Gujarat, India

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen dramatically from just 4% in 1975 to over 18% in 2016. The risk for the non-communicable diseases increases, with increase in BMI. Objectives: To provide epidemiological insights into proportion of malnutrition in form of underweight/ overweight, hypertension and high blood sugar and to analyse the relation between anthropometric measures with Blood Pressure and Blood Sugar level among University students. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among newly admitted college students of the university during 2018. Total 3311 students’ data were collected using case-record form. Data collection included information on socio-demographic profile from students, anthropometric measurements, Blood pressure measurement and Random blood sugar (RBS) check-up. Results:The mean age was 18.7±1.2 and 19.17±1.6 years among male and female students, respectively. Out of 3311 students, 30.90% were in underweight category and 18.76% were in overweight or obesity category according to BMI. According to waist-Hip ratio (WHR), 20.6% males and 18.9% females had substantially increased risk for metabolic complications. Around 139 (5.99%) males and 16 (1.61%) females were found to have high systolic blood pressure while 365 (15.7%) males and 44 (4.4%) females were in high diastolic blood pressure category. Around 1.06% had RBS &gt; 140 mg/dl. There was positive correlation and statistically significant association between BMI and WHR with high blood pressure. Conclusions: High prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity, high WHR, high blood pressure among youth population demands early screening and intervention to prevent morbidity and mortality in later life.