Parental Understanding Research Articles

Parents’ perceptions and practices of children’s risky play in Hong Kong

Risky play provides various benefits to child growth and development. The culture of overprotection among Hong Kong parents have decreased young children’s opportunities to engage in play that involves physically challenges. This study expanded our understanding of parents’ views and behaviors on allowing their preschool children opportunities for risky play. Two hundred and three parents of children aged 2 to 8 years completed a questionnaire regarding their understanding and practices of risky play, and their attitudes toward risk-taking. Parents perceived risky play as more appropriate for boys at a younger age than for girls. Parents with higher education background were more likely to allow children to engage in risky play at a younger age. Moreover, a significant relationship was identified between parents’ own attitudes towards risk-taking and the views on their child’s age for involvement in risky play. Qualitative analysis further revealed that parents acknowledged the roles of risky play in enhancing physical development of children, and in having benefits for children’s mental health. However, parents perceived risky play as something having possibility of leading to accidents. Implications on parent education relating to risk as an essential learning process on child development and as a way to build resilience are discussed.

Passive/Active WeChat Use and Subjective Well-being among Chinese Parents: A Serial Mediation Model

Previous studies have explored the direct impact of social media use on subjective well-being (SWB), but they have not fully grasped the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. As a result, this study aims to investigate the direct relationship between passive/active WeChat use and SWB, as well as how upward social comparison, perceived social support, and self-esteem serially mediate the relationship between passive/active WeChat use and SWB among Chinese parents. The current study, which used a sample of 403 Chinese parents, found no significant relationship between passive WeChat use and SWB, but there was a significant relationship between active WeChat use and SWB. Moreover, upward social comparison and self-esteem have a significant and negative serial mediating effect on the relationship between passive WeChat use and SWB. Additionally, the study found a significant and positive serial mediating effect of perceived social support and self-esteem on the relationship between active WeChat use and SWB. We hope the suggestions will contribute to a deeper understanding of parents' use of WeChat and SWB.

Optimization of Stunting Prevention Education Programs in Improving The Quality of Parenting and Nutritional Balance of Children

This Community Service Activity aims to increase the understanding and awareness of parents in Margamukti Village regarding the importance of proper parenting patterns and balanced nutritional health in early childhood. The research method used is a qualitative approach with observation data collection, interviews, and documentation. The study's results showed increased public knowledge and awareness of the importance of proper parenting patterns and balanced nutrition to prevent stunting. The interactive discussion opened space for participants to share experiences and find solutions to various challenges faced in maintaining children's health and nutrition. Overall, this activity succeeded in achieving its goal of providing education and awareness to the community, which is expected to be the first step in reducing stunting rates in Margamukti Village. This community service activity emphasizes the importance of the involvement of various parties, including pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, posyandu cadres, and the community, in supporting stunting prevention. With a qualitative approach focusing on counseling and in-depth information delivery, this program can help reduce the risk of stunting in the target area. The impact is not only on children's health but also on improving the quality of human resources in the future.

Problems of Information Technology-Based Zoning PPDB Implementation at SMAN 3 Banjarmasin

New Student Admission (PPDB) is a school activity that is carried out every year. The current system for junior, vocational, and high schools uses a zoning system. This study aims to determine the implementation of school policies, human resource development, infrastructure, and technical support related to the implementation of IT-based PPDB at SMAN 3 Banjarmasin. This research involved 1 principal, three members of the PPDB committee, three teachers, parents of students, and 4 students at SMAN 3 Banjarmasin. The research aims to implement PPDB zoning based on information technology, namely policies, infrastructure, human resource development, and supporting factors in PPDB. Data collection is carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. After the data is collected, it is processed and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this study show that in the implementation of IT-based zoning PPDB, there are several problems faced by the PPDB involved in SMAN 3 Banjarmasin, such as student quota restrictions, data manipulation, lack of understanding of prospective students and parents of the PPDB zoning system, network problems, teacher strategies in adjusting learning to the student zoning path, and errors on websites and networks. Based on the findings, it is hoped that the PPDB committee will prepare carefully related to the technical implementation of this PPDB and simulate registration before the official period begins to help users understand the stages.

"Just Listen to Me. Help Me Explore it." An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Exploring Experiences of Gender Dysphoria, Identity And Resilience in Autistic Adolescents Assigned Female at Birth.

Much of the current autism and gender literature has been based within a medical deficiency model; where both are seen as deficiencies rather than differences. However, there is currently minimal knowledge about the experiences of being an autistic adolescent who is both assigned female at birth and has gender dysphoria (GD), whilst even less is known about their experiences of social identity, self-concept and resilience. This study aims to explore experiences of GD with a particular focus on identity and resilience to promote parent and healthcare staff understanding; particularly around gender-affirming care, to foster positive mental health outcomes. Five assigned female at birth autistic adolescents, who identify as trans men/boys, took part in one-to-one semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Approach. Five subordinate themes arose; "Having both autism and GD", "Finding where I belong", "Being more than labels", "Trying to cope" and "Making support successful". Our findings build on current literature and theory regarding the experience of concurrent autism and GD; highlighting its legitimacy, the ways in which autism impacts upon GD and how healthcare approaches and policy can increase accessibility and suitability of gender-affirming care.

Parental experience of change following VIPP-SD in families with preschool children with externalizing behavior: A qualitative interview study.

Insensitive parenting and ineffective disciplinary strategies are known risk factors for child externalizing behavior. The Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) has documented effect in promoting sensitive parenting, but little is known on how VIPP-SD is experienced by parents. This study explores how parents of preschool children with externalizing behaviors experience change following VIPP-SD delivered by trained childcare providers. Individual qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 mothers and 2 fathers to explore the parents' experiences of change following the intervention. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were generated: 1) "All of her behavior is actually just a result of how she feels, right?"-Enhanced parental understanding, 2) Meeting the child's needs in comfort and in play, 3) Learning to prevent and manage conflicts is essential-diverse experiences of gains and progress, 4) "I'm actually not a bad parent"-new positive perspectives. Parents experienced an enhanced capacity to understand their child and positive development in their parenting behavior, skills and confidence as well as improvements in the parent-child relationship after receiving VIPP-SD. Findings also suggest potential areas for adaptation of VIPP-SD when intervening in families with a child exhibiting externalizing behaviors, as parental experiences of gains related to conflict management varied. Further research on this matter is recommended.

The Impact of Child Injury Prevention Package (CIPP) on Injury Prevention in Toddler

Injuries are a cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five. In Indonesia, the prevalence of injuries to children under five in 2013 was 8.5%, and in 2018, it was 8.2%. Injuries to toddlers derive from not-yet-optimal levels of development, high curiosity, lack of gross motor coordination, and the ability to anticipate danger. Nurses can provide anticipatory guidance to parents to increase parental understanding and prevent injuries to toddlers. The research aimed to determine the effect of CIPP on injury prevention in toddlers. The research method used the One group pre and post-test design with the population of all toddlers in the Puskesmas (Community Health Centre) Rajabasa Indah working area. The research sample using Proportional Random Sampling was 120 parents of toddlers. Data collection was done through interviews using screening cards. Data were analyzed using proportions and a T-test. The results of toddler characteristics were male (55.83%), toddler (55.83%), and standard nutritional status (70.8%). The proportion of toddlers who experienced injuries was 41.66%, and the most frequently experienced injuries were falls (37.5%). There was a significant difference in the mean value of knowledge about injury prevention in toddlers (p-value=0.000), environmental modification (p-value=0.000), and injury incidences in toddlers (p-value=0.000) before and after the anticipatory guidance intervention using CIPP. It is recommended to integrate CIPP into toddler health promotion, socialize CIPP with parents, cadres and kindergarten teachers, and develop CIPP-Android based applications.

Management of Boarding School Institutions in Developing Positive Characters of Students

This study aims to determine the management of Islamic boarding schools in developing positive character of students and supporting and inhibiting factors in the management of Islamic boarding schools. The approach used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive type, the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. In addition, the data analysis techniques used are data condensation, data display, drawing and verifying conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the management of the Nurul Hakim Islamic boarding school is carried out based on operational management such as planning, organizing, implementing, supervising and evaluating. The supporting factors in this study are an integrated learning system with very detailed management, good collaboration and cooperation between all elements of the Islamic boarding school, parents and even the community, students or santri all live in dormitories and can be controlled 24 hours, habits that are carried out with full awareness by students or santri and adequate facilities or can be said to be complete. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the lack of understanding of parents regarding the rules or regulations of the boarding school, input from students from different backgrounds, awareness of students regarding the importance of good character, the number of students or students is large but inversely proportional to the number of teachers which is small.

The Role of Parenting Styles in Treatment Stunting in Selengen Village, Kayangan District

The role of parenting style plays an important role in dealing with the problem of stunting. Stunting can be influenced by low access to food and the quality of balanced nutrition which is not consumed by children regularly, and often does not have a variety. Therefore, improving diet, parenting patterns, as well as improving and accessing clean water are things that must be considered in handling stunting. Poor parenting patterns in caring for children, including feeding babies and toddlers, are also influenced by the understanding of parents, especially mothers. Therefore, there is a need for education about reproductive health and nutrition so that prospective mothers understand the importance of meeting nutritional needs during pregnancy and for the fetus, which is also important in managing stunting. The role of parents in caring for children must also be based on good and appropriate understanding so that parents know what is good or bad for their children. This research aims to describe the role of parenting styles in dealing with the problem of stunting in Selengen village, Kayangan sub-district. The research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques from interviews and observations. The research subjects involved Health Midwives, Nutrition Midwives, Gynecology Midwives, Posyandu cadres and children experiencing stunting in Selengen village, Kayangan sub-district. The scope of activities such as socializing the provision of additional food (PMT) and immunization.

Correlation between self-efficacy, parental parenting patterns, and severe depression in adolescents.

Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant psychological changes. This study explores how self-efficacy and parental parenting styles may influence the risk of severe depression among teens. The hypothesis is that higher self-efficacy and authoritative parenting patterns will be negatively correlated with severe depression in adolescents. To investigate the correlation between self-efficacy, parenting patterns and major depression in adolescents, and to provide guidance for mental intervention. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the data were collected through a questionnaire survey. Patients with major depression and healthy adolescents in the hospital control group were selected as the study objects. The General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used as research instruments. Data input and statistical analysis were performed, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, through SPSS software. The study found that depressed patients had significantly lower self-efficacy than healthy controls, and parenting style was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in terms of emotional warmth and understanding, punishment severity, and denial. Specifically, parental emotional warmth and understanding were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while parental punishment severity and denial were significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms. Self-efficacy showed a significant negative correlation with depressive symptoms, indicating that higher self-efficacy had lower depressive symptoms. Adolescent major depressive disorder patient was significantly associated with their parenting style and self-efficacy. Higher self-efficacy is associated with decreased depressive symptoms, so improving adolescent self-efficacy and improving parenting style are important.

Harmony at Home and School Makes Them Superior in Learning Natural and Social Sciences

In the era of globalization and rapid technological development, the need to produce students who excel in natural and social sciences is becoming increasingly important. Many students still need help achieving optimal academic achievement, which is caused by the lack of holistic support from the home and school environment. Research shows that harmony between the home and school environment plays an important role in shaping students' character, motivation, and positive attitudes towards learning. When parents and educators work together and provide consistent support, students are more likely to develop in natural and social sciences. This study aims to explore the influence of learning interest and learning environment on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in science. This study uses a quantitative method with an ex post facto design. The study population was fourth-grade students, with a sample of 66 students selected randomly. Interviews, questionnaires, and recording of learning objectives were used to collect data. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive, simple, and multiple regression techniques. The results showed that learning interest and learning environment significantly influenced learning outcomes in science. Learning interest, which includes awareness, attention, willingness, and pleasure in learning, positively contributes to academic achievement. The learning environment, supported by parental understanding, teaching methods, home conditions, economic situation, cultural background, and relationships between family members, also plays an important role. These findings have practical implications, highlighting the importance of collaboration between teachers and parents in creating a conducive learning environment.

Unifocalization of Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCAs) and Native Pulmonary Arteries in Infancy-Application of 3D Printing and Virtual Reality.

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are rare remnants of pulmonary circulation embryological development usually associated with complex congenital anomalies of the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary arteries. Effective management requires surgical unifocalization of MAPCAs and native pulmonary arteries (NPAs). Traditional imaging may lack the spatial clarity needed for precise surgical planning. This study evaluated the feasibility of integrating three-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual reality (VR) into preoperative planning to improve surgical precision, team communication, and parental understanding. In a prospective cohort study, nine infants undergoing MAPCA unifocalization were included. Four patients underwent conventional imaging-based planning (control), while five were additionally assessed using VR and 3D-printed models (intervention). The outcomes measured included operative times, team confidence, collaboration, and parental satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed using standard tests. The intervention group had shorter operative and cardiopulmonary bypass times compared to the control group. Intraoperative complications were absent in the VR/3D group but occurred in the control group. Medical staff in the VR/3D group reported significantly improved understanding of anatomy, surgical preparedness, and team collaboration (p < 0.05). Parents also expressed higher satisfaction, with better comprehension of their child's anatomy and surgical plan. VR and 3D printing enhanced preoperative planning, surgical precision, and communication, proving valuable for complex congenital heart surgery. These technologies offer promising potential to improve clinical outcomes and patient-family experiences, meriting further investigation in larger studies.

Perceptions and Barriers to Accessing Myopia Management in the UK.

Perceptions and barriers to myopia management (MM) in childhood have not been fully explored within some countries, including the UK, where there is minimal public health education on myopia. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to explore perceptions of myopia and MM interventions using focus groups and a survey to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. Topics included the understanding of myopia, perceptions of MM, considerations when initiating MM, lifestyle risk factors, and barriers to uptake of intervention. Parent awareness and understanding of myopia and MM is limited. Many parents felt that they had not been provided with sufficient explicit advice about their child's diagnosis or treatment. Despite this, parents were aware of some of the protective lifestyle behaviours which may slow myopia progression. The common belief was that myopia can affect a child's quality of life. The most common reason that MM had been recommended to parents by practitioners was to reduce disease risk. The cost and lack of public awareness that MM interventions are available were the main barriers to the uptake of MM. There is a need to improve practitioner communication of myopia and its management and, subsequently, improve the standard of children's eyecare.

Pasifika parents’ experiences of neonatal skin-to-skin: Insight into culturally responsive care

Infants who survive prematurity have greater risk of neurodevelopmental impairments. Skin-to-skin during the neonatal period can improve infant outcomes. Greater understanding of Pasifika parents needs in implementing skin-to-skin could inform better implementation of skin-to-skin. This study explores Pasifika parents’ experiences of skin-to-skin with their preterm infants in New Zealand-based neonatal units to inform culturally responsive care and service delivery. Pasifika parents of preterm infants born less than 33 weeks gestation were eligible to take part in interviews. Recruitment and data collection occurred in neonatal units across Auckland. Interpretive Phenomenological analysis informed by Talanoa and Tui Kakala research methods informed the interview format and data analysis. Five themes were identified: “overcoming fear and anxiety”, “connection”, “words matter”, “actively managing racial bias”, and “spirituality and religious beliefs facilitate resilience”. Skin-to-skin promoted connection and strengthened all four pou of the Fonofale model. Communication styles of individual clinicians greatly influenced the Vā (relational space) experienced by families, which subsequently affected their experience of skin-to-skin. Findings indicate the need for Pasifika cultural competence training in order to provide culturally safe care when supporting an intervention like skin-to-skin. Intentionally encouraging and facilitating Pasifika parents’ spirituality within the neonatal intensive care unit could optimise skin-to-skin. Clinician communication has the potential to affect the initiation, uptake, and experience of skin-to-skin.

Introduction to Creative Economy for Early Childhood in Beurandeh Village: Building a Creative and Independent Generation

Themed community service activities aim to introduce the basic concepts of creative economy to young children. This activity was implemented with interactive learning methods involving stories, games, and creative activities, such as making crafts and painting. The active participation of 20 children aged 5 to 8 years old showed high enthusiasm, which contributed to the improvement of children's understanding of creative economy concepts and practical skills. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in understanding and skills, with the percentage of basic understanding increasing from 70% to 85% and practical skills from 60% to 80%. In addition, this activity also succeeded in fostering children's independence and creativity, which is expected to be a provision for a more creative and innovative generation in the future. The main challenges in implementing this activity are the limited props and the lack of understanding of parents about the importance of the creative economy at an early age. The long-term impact of this activity is expected to improve community welfare through the development of an independent and innovative creative generation.

Digital Literacy Education as an Effort to Build a Generation of Technology-Savvy and Economically Independent Village Teenagers

The community service activity themed "Digital Literacy Education as an Effort to Build a Generation of Technology-Savvy and Independent Village Teenagers" aims to improve digital literacy among village teenagers. This activity was carried out in Beurandeh Village, Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar Regency, involving 40 teenagers as participants. The program uses a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, which is divided into four phases: identification, needs determination, intervention, and evaluation. Each phase was designed to improve adolescents' understanding of digital literacy, including an understanding of digital safety, social media ethics, and productive and safe use of technology. The results showed a significant increase in adolescents' understanding and awareness of the importance of maintaining privacy and avoiding the spread of hoaxes, with an 85% increase in understanding. In addition, village officials also reported an increase in their ability to discuss digital literacy topics with teenagers, demonstrating the positive effects of the socialization. Although challenges such as lack of resources and limited parental understanding still exist, this activity is expected to have a long-term impact in building a generation of tech-savvy and independent teenagers, who are better prepared to face digital risks in the future.

Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi Leaflet Kementerian Kesehatan pada Pengetahuan Pola Konsumsi Balita di Desa Rantoe Panyang Timur

Toddler nutrition is critical for children aged 1-5 years to support optimal growth and development, requiring a balanced diet rich in protein, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. This study aims to evaluate the influence of nutrition education delivered through leaflets on enhancing parental knowledge about proper nutrition for toddlers. Conducted in Rantoe Panyang Village, this research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The population consisted of 62 mothers with toddlers, selected using total sampling to include the entire population. The findings revealed a significant relationship between nutrition education using leaflets and improved parental knowledge. The study concludes that nutrition education facilitated through leaflet media positively impacts parental understanding of toddler nutrition. These results underscore the importance of targeted educational interventions in improving knowledge and dietary practices among parents, ultimately contributing to better nutritional outcomes for children.

Parental Acceptance and Understanding of Autistic Children (PAUACS) - an Instrument Development Study.

Currently there are no instruments designed to assess parents' acceptance and understanding of their autistic child. We aimed to develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of a parent-report scale assessing parents' acceptance and understanding of their autistic child - the Parental Acceptance and Understanding of Autistic Children Scale (PAUACS). A total of 158 parents (74 non-autistic, 42 autistic, 42 questioning; mean age 42.69 years) of autistic children (mean age 10.80 years) completed an online survey comprising the prototype PAUACS as well as validated measures of parental sensitivity, neurodiversity affirming attitudes, autistic traits, mental health, and child adjustment and family experience. A subsample of participants (n = 97; 61.4%) completed the PAUACS questionnaire a second time, 2 weeks later, to assess for test-retest reliability. The final 30-item scale demonstrated excellent internal reliability (α = 0.89) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.92). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a clean structure comprising four distinct factors: Understanding (α = 0.86), Innate (α = 0.74), Acceptance (α = 0.82), and Expectations (α = 0.73). Overall, the PAUACS demonstrates good construct validity. Preliminary evidence of convergent validity and divergent validity was demonstrated. Preliminary evidence suggests PAUACS is a reliable and valid tool in assessing parents' acceptance and understanding of autistic children.

Exploring parents' perceptions of computational thinking and its role in children's television

AbstractThe rise in children's media use and the prioritization of STEM learning has led to the development of new STEM‐related apps, TV shows, and other media for young children, with several recent examples focused on computational thinking (CT). Learning CT at a young age can be beneficial to children's analytical and problem solving skills. Positive effects of educational media are best realized when the learning is scaffolded by a caregiver, but the ability of parents to scaffold CT lessons is understudied. This study explores parents' perceptions, understanding, and recognition of the CT cues embedded in a new television show for preschoolers. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 30 parents who, together with their children (ages 4–6), viewed two episodes of a new series. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Most participants had never heard of CT before. When asked to define it, many parents highlighted aspects of CT in their definitions; however, their examples illustrated limited understanding of how CT might be taught to young children. Although some parents had reservations regarding the abstractness and age‐appropriateness of the topic, parents believed CT was an important topic for their children to learn. Research has shown that scaffolding can be beneficial to promoting CT learning in young children. Therefore, for creators of CT‐focused content, it is important that the curricular focus and learning goals are made very clear so that parents and caregivers can scaffold the material in a way that effectively supports their children's learning.

Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di Pesantren Fathurrobbaaniy Cisoka: Membentuk Generasi Berkarakter dan Kompetitif dalam Pendidikan Islam

The implementation of the Independent Curriculum at Pesantren Fathurrobbaaniy Cisoka aims to shape a generation that is both character-driven and competitive within Islamic education. This study examines how the flexible and contextual approach of the Independent Curriculum can be applied in a pesantren environment to address the challenges of globalization and modernization. Using qualitative methods including interviews, observations, and documentation, this research explores the strategies employed by the teaching staff in integrating this new curriculum. The results indicate that the Independent Curriculum provides flexibility in designing learning programs that are more relevant to local needs and the potential of the students. Pesantren Fathurrobbaaniy successfully integrates moral values and 21st-century skills into the learning process, enhancing student participation and interest in both academic and non-academic activities. Challenges in adapting traditional teaching methods and improving parental understanding were addressed through comprehensive socialization and training. The implementation of the Independent Curriculum at this pesantren shows significant positive impacts on improving the quality of education and shaping students with strong moral character and high competitiveness.