Understanding Of Poverty Research Articles

Interprofessional Education: A Poverty Simulation with Elementary Teachers and Social Work Students

ABSTRACT Simulation training has been found to be an effective method to increase social work student knowledge, empathy, or skills. This study examined the impact of an interprofessional poverty simulation on public school teacher participants, who would learn about the impact of poverty, and on social work students, who were the volunteers or “standardized providers” in the simulation. The teachers and the BSW and MSW students all significantly increased scores in their self-rated understanding of poverty and attitudes toward poverty. Students highly endorsed the experience, noting that they learned about the constraints under which social service agencies work. Implications for community collaboration are discussed.

Critical reflection about socioeconomic inequalities among White young men from poor and working-class backgrounds.

An intersectional approach to human development emphasizes the multiple social categories individuals occupy, some of which confer privilege (e.g., being White) and some of which confer marginalization (e.g., being poor). This approach is needed especially in critical consciousness scholarship, and particularly in regard to understanding whether and how it may manifest among youth who simultaneously experience privileges due to some aspects of their identities and marginalization due to other aspects of their identities. We explored critical reflection (CR) about socioeconomic inequalities through interviews with 31 White young men from low-income and working-class backgrounds who were attending trade colleges in Pennsylvania. Participants were asked about their understandings of the causes of poverty in the United States and potential solutions. Multiple rounds of qualitative analysis were conducted to understand the potential manifestation of CR in responses. Inductive across-case thematic analysis yielded 11 themes describing participants' understandings of poverty. We then conducted case-based analyses to identify the specific attributions about poverty that each participant made (structural, fatalistic, and/or individual), the ways in which these attributions arose in responses, and how the pattern identified related to CR. Eight participants were identified as having some CR or the potential to develop CR, and their responses were explored for references to experiences that may have been related to CR as well as their membership in a privileged racial and gender group, and more marginalized socioeconomic group. Implications for examining and promoting CR in different groups of youth are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Marginal youth: mapping spatial capability exclusion in Bogota

Although the analysis of urban poverty has advanced towards the integration of objective and subjective approaches to assessing urban development, evaluation of quality of life in cities remains tied to a commodity framework which conceptualises it as the mere dotation of urban amenities. Multidimensional indicators of quality of life attempt to overcome this sort of restriction by considering broader informational spaces to assess well-being in cities. The capability approach has gone some way in addressing this as a multidimensional approach, however the interpretation of spatial phenomena has been absent from its application, meaning that the role of space in the configuration of urban poverty has been neglected. Drawing on cross-sectional data, this paper examines a multidimensional measure of urban poverty based on capabilities of young adults in Bogota in order to identify clusters of deprivation and affluence of well-being and determine levels of urban segregation based on this type of metric. The result is a spatialised index of capabilities that allow us to assess well-being from a perspective of socio-spatial differences. The findings support the importance of considering spatial patterning of capabilities in understanding poverty dynamics in cities. Spatialised capabilities may help to support urban policy design and promote greater understanding of spatial inequalities in cities.

Older people’s conceptualisation of poverty and their experiences of government programmes in Uganda

ABSTRACTThis article explores older people’s understandings of poverty and analyses their experience of government policies for fighting poverty. It employed qualitative methods, including focus group discussions and key informant interviews. A total of 120 older people in two districts in Uganda participated in the study. Based on thematic analysis and observation of non-verbal communication, older people’s perspectives on poverty included a wide range of deprivations in their household. Findings reveal that there is a lack of legislation support and effective information for old people to demand accountability or influence policy strategies to address poverty. Despite the difficult living conditions of older people in poverty, the majority live independent lives, are self-reliant and use a variety of strategies to address poverty. Therefore, there is a need for scrutiny to ensure that poverty alleviation support reaches those who need it most.

Immersion Learning in Social Work Education: A Pedagogical Tool for Enriching Knowledge and Practice Skills among BSW Students

ABSTRACTImmersion learning is one form of experiential education and has great utility in social work education. However, there is limited research on student learning outcomes from immersion learning courses in social work education. This ethnographic research describes an immersion learning course offered to BSW students (N = 9) and the learning outcomes gained. This semester-long course focused on macrolevel practice with people experiencing poverty, homelessness, and the sexual exploitation of women. As part of this course, students went on a weeklong immersion trip, where they visited a dozen human service organizations and interacted with people experiencing poverty and homelessness. Qualitative analysis produced three findings. First, students reported that these interactions helped them realize their biases and impacted their understanding of poverty. Second, students reported enhanced social work practice skills, such as cultural competency, self-awareness, and interpersonal expertise. They also gained a better appreciation for macrolevel practice. Third, students reported a better understanding of how to deploy classroom knowledge in practice and how to apply what they learned back in the classroom. These findings have implications for undergraduate social work education and how immersion learning programs can be a tool for enriching both knowledge and practice skills.

A Relational View of San Poverty in Botswana: A Case Study of Khwee and Sehunong

ABSTRACTPoverty is a persistent problem that characterises San communities in Botswana and beyond. As an indigenous and minority ethnic group in Botswana, the San find themselves trapped in unequal social relations with the Tswana-speaking groups. Since the societal structure is made of unequally perceived social statuses where the San are regarded as “inferior/subordinate” and Tswana speaking groups “superior/dominant,” this presents a complex relationship of privilege and disadvantage, which perpetuates a vicious cycle of poverty for the San in Khwee and Sehunong settlements. Thus, this paper argues that San poverty is a phenomenon not only locked in lack of basic needs, but social relationships of power. Critical social theory, which argues that all social relations are power relations, and those who are dominant use their power to (re)produce their position of privilege, is used to provide a theoretical framework. A qualitative multiplecase study approach using semi structured interviews and focus groups was used to gather data. The findings centred on poverty as being a result of structural deficiencies and the understanding of poverty as an attribute. As such, this paper recommends that poverty alleviation policies and programmes need to address power issues for effective and efficient poverty alleviation efforts.

Penalization and multidimensional poverty: improving our understanding of poverty amongst offenders in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico

Using a multidimensional approach to poverty measurement, this article aims to contribute to an improved understanding on the main aspects of deprivation experienced by former participants of organized crime in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, a city that became the epicenter of violence due to the ‘war on drugs’ declared in 2006. A sample of 180 surveys and 20 in-depth interviews were implemented to evaluate multidimensional poverty amongst young men serving a prison sentence for a series of crimes related to organized criminal activity (aged 12 to 29) in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua. An equal number of surveys were implemented to a group of non-offenders who had no criminal record and resided in a marginalized area of the same city. The research finds that while offenders fared worse in several non-income dimensions of poverty compared to non-offenders, qualitative evidence revealed that experiences of poverty of offenders were not homogenous, as suggested by existing studies. One of the key findings to emerge from the research is that participation in organized crime decreases income poverty; however, participation did not constitute an effective nor sustained pathway out of poverty nor did it decrease deprivation in other dimensions due to a highly skewed distribution of income in the illegal economy and the use of gains from illegal activity to fuel conspicuous consumption, findings that are similar in the established Western literature on youth gangs.

Kemiskinan dalam Perspektif Sosiologi

This paper describes the social and cultural situation of Pematang Gubernur Village, Muara Bangka Hulu Sub-district, Bengkulu City. Formerly, this area belongs to Suku Lembak who lived in Tanjung Agung and Tanjung Jaya village. The population of Pematang Gubernur has increased along with the establishment of Bengkulu University housing and the relocation of government office of Bengkulu City to Muara Bangka Hulu Sub-district. Based on the sociological analysis, Suku Lembak becomes a minority group in their own territory and as a minority, they are no longer able to carry out their customs and traditions, in contrast, the migrants that have become majority group, in fact, can apply their traditions and rituals from their origin. This research found that the social structure of Pematang Gubernur Village is seeking its ideal format. The community of the village is diverse and live in different groups based on housing complex and kampong. This makes the community divided and trapped in the situation in which the interaction between groups is limited. This also makes the community of Padang Gubernur has a narrow perspective in understanding poverty by seeing it as merely a problem of success and failure in pursuing the career and business of their neighbors. They also have narrow self-orientation and non-competitive capacities.

Living with poverty: A simulation

Summary This research explores whether participating in a poverty simulation resulted in changes to participants’ beliefs about the causes and effects of poverty, as well as shifts in their attitudes and actions towards people experiencing poverty. In this multiple case study, we analysed quantitative and qualitative data from participant feedback surveys and pre-, post- and follow-up questionnaires from two samples: undergraduate students and community participants. We conclude that the poverty simulation is only a step, albeit a potentially important one, to enhance participants’ understanding about the causes of poverty, and to alter their attitudes and beliefs about people living in poverty. Findings We found statistically significant results (p < .05) on cumulative scores of the modified Attitudes Toward Poverty Scale, indicating an improvement in participants’ attitudes towards poverty (both samples). Although generally positive about their experiences, participating in the simulation did not appear to have prompted participants to take action to reduce poverty. Applications Poverty simulation planners should be wary of adopting scenarios that emphasize, or fail to adequately contextualize, behaviours or responses that might perpetuate individual explanations of poverty. Moreover, organizers must carefully consider how to ensure participants in their audience currently experiencing low income do not become emotionally distressed, triggered or further marginalized in the process. While overall participants were positive about their experiences in the simulation, the events did not appear to have prompted them to action. Moving beyond the goal of increasing participants’ understandings of poverty, interventions that foster greater engagement in poverty issues over the long term are necessary.

The primary care provider and the patient living in poverty: Applying the Bridges to Health and Healthcare model to NP practice.

There is a much recent emphasis on the social determinants of health, and poverty is the most influential of these. It is not enough merely to understand the influence of poverty on health-the primary care provider must understand how to effectively treat patients who live in poverty. This article applies the Bridges to Health and Healthcare model for understanding poverty to primary care practice from an individual provider's perspective. The article walks the reader through the implications of generational poverty for the primary care clinician in a typical office visit from history taking to following up. Most primary care practitioners approach patients from a middle-class perspective. Awareness of the challenges and different perspectives of those in generational poverty can enhance care and outcomes. The individual provider can use the understanding of driving forces, resources, language and cognition, environment, and relationships provided by the Bridges to Health and Healthcare model to benefit patients in generational poverty.

Satellite data and machine learning tools for predicting poverty in rural India

Increased availability of satellite imageries and rapid development in algorithms to process imagery data has spurred interest amongst economist to use high frequency imagery data for meaningful economic interpretations. One such application is to use satellite night light data as an indicator of poverty. As poverty statistics in India is released once in five years, high frequency night lights data can be used to predict poverty in the years where official poverty statistics is not available. In this paper, we explored use of satellite night light data and machine learning algorithms (Artificial Neural Network) to predict rural poverty at sub-national level, i.e. state. We compared night light data with per capita domestic product as a predictor for the model. We find night light data as a better predictor of poverty than of per capita domestic product. Such predictions using satellite data can be used as a complement to the existing data-sets. This will facilitate economist for modelling the economic relationships in understanding poverty and provide more frequent and local estimates for policy makers.

Introduction

Introduction

Charismatic Movements, State Relations and Public Governance in Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone has seen the rise of Charismatic movements that are bringing about greater levels of co-operation with the state. This new church development aims at renewing the Christian faith and projecting a more proactive role towards public governance. This ecclesial development shows that African Pentecostal/Charismatic theology appears to be moving away from the perceived isolationist theology that once separated the church from involvement with the rest of society. By reapplying the movement's eschatological beliefs, Charismatics are presenting themselves as moral crusaders who regard it as their responsibility to transform public governance. The article probes this relationship so that the Charismatic understanding of poverty, prosperity, good governance and socio-economic development in Sierra Leone can be more clearly established.

The Promise of Payne: How Overlapping Contexts Support One Superintendent’s Adherence to Ruby Payne’s Framework for Understanding Poverty

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to conversations of the widespread interest in Ruby Payne’s understandings of poverty and K-12 schooling in the United States. The author apply a conceptual framework of overlapping contexts to an in analysis of one superintendent’s perspectives on Payne’s work. In so doing, the author illustrates how leaders come to enact Payne’s ideas as part of their understandings of equity-focused reforms, even as these reforms negatively affect opportunities for educational equity through the perpetuation of deficit perspectives. The use of the conceptual framework of overlapping contexts offers a possibility for future leaders to complicate their understandings of class inequities.

Students as co-researchers to inform student learning: Findings from a poverty simulation

Survey data reveal that poverty simulations are an effective tool in changing student attitudes about poverty. What is not well documented in the literature is exactly how students learn through this type of experiential education. Using students as co-researchers in an action research model, this study sought to better understand how students learn about poverty through a poverty simulation, which is a pedagogical tool known to impact students’ attitudes and understandings of poverty. Results map closely with transformational learning theory, including that personal background and previous learning experiences shaped students openness and willingness to engage in a new learning opportunity. Students reflected how the climate of the learning environment, in this case the poverty simulation, was as a significant factor that impacted the learning process. Finally, findings from this study indicate that students had both an increased interest in issues of social justice and felt less judgmental of people experiencing poverty following the simulation. Additionally, the student research team itself had a learning opportunity which resulted in an increased interest and appreciation for participatory research.

Tony Atkinson on Poverty, Inequality, and Public Policy: The Work and Life of a Great Economist

We are very sad to report that Professor Sir Tony Atkinson died on the first of January, 2017, at the age of 72. Tony Atkinson was an extraordinarily distinguished academic whose works changed our understanding of poverty, inequality, mobility, public policy, and economic growth. His publications, from his first book in 1969 to his last in 2015, showed how he approached his work throughout his career: define the issues, examine the facts, analyze what forces shaped the outcomes, and ask what we can or should do in the way of policy. His longtime friend, Professor Lord Nicholas Stern, interviewed Sir Tony about his life and work on August 17, 2016, in Oxford.

Children, social class and social practices: A theoretical analysis of children's practices of class distinction

In this paper we reconstruct children's practices of class distinction to explore how poverty can be understood in relational class terms and through subjective class practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a set of theoretical considerations regarding children as classed subjects. Drawing on three multi-stage, multi-method qualitative studies previously undertaken by the authors, which explored what children define as important to their well-being and what constitutes a good life, we analyse how children position themselves as moral agents within class relevant dynamics. We suggest that, instead of focusing on fixed categories such as social exclusion/inclusion or poverty, it is useful to utilize a theory that emphasizes class as a form of subjectivity and social practices, in which the definition of and contest over socially valued resources is at stake. We argue that these practices, because they are about what is socially valued while structurally configured, occurs at the level of everyday practices, including through emotional expressions. However, we also consider the problem of how theoretical categorisations, such as class, risk reifying social categories and identities. We explore how our framework can usefully contribute to understanding poverty by discussing four empirical themes reconstructed from studies undertaken by the authors: children's responses to poverty; the normative understanding of children who earn their own money; experiences of shame and expressions of disgust in the context of an urban and socially heterogeneous locality. Each of these themes reveals different but related aspects of the contest over socially valued resources.

Infrastructure and social tie: Spatial model approach on understanding poverty in Malang regency, Indonesia

Poverty is a problem that requires attention from the government especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. This Research takes Place at Kasembon District because it has 53,19% family below poverty line in the region. The purpose of this research is to measure poverty based on 3 poverty indicators published by World Bank and 1 multidimensional poverty index. Furthermore, this research invesitigas the relationship between poverty with social and infrastructure in Kasembon District. This study using social network analysis, hot spots analysis, and regression analysis with ordinary least squares. From the poverty indicators known that Pondokagung Village has the highest poverty rate compared to another region. Results from regression model indicate that social and infrastructure affecting poverty in Kasembon District. Social parameter that affecting poverty is density. Infrastructure parameter that affecting poverty is length of paved road. Coefficient value of density is the largest in the model. Therefore it can be concluded that social factors can give more opportunity to reduce poverty rates in Kasembon District. In the local model of paved road coefficient, it is known that the coefficient for each village has not much different value from the global model.

Mengentaskan Kemiskinan: Multidimensional Approach

Abstrak Kemiskinan merupakan persoalan krusial dalam pembangunan nasional. Terdapat beberapa tipologi kemiskinan dari berbagai perspektif. Sesungguhnya persoalan kemiskinan ini bukan sekedar permasalahan ekonomi, melainkan permasalahan sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan politik. Oleh karena terdapat relatifitas dalam memahami kemiskinan, maka kemiskinan dapat dipahami dan dikategorikan sebagai kemiskinan berdimensi ekonomi yaitu kemiskinan absolut dan kemiskinan relatif. Kemiskinan berdimensi sosial-budaya yaitu kemiskinan kultural dan kemiskinan berdimensi struktural yaitu kemiskinan struktural. Pengentasan kemiskinan tidak selamanya berdimensi ekonomi, berikut dibahas melalui pendekatan peran, fungsional struktural, kapabilitas sistem politik dan partisipatif. Dimana pokok persoalan adalah bagaimana stakeholder menjalankan fungsi dan peran masing-masing. Pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat merupakan tiga elemen kunci dalam program pengentasan kemiskinan. Program pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia diklasifikasikan menjadi dua, program delivery approach dan emergency, yang sifatnya mendesak, jangka pendek dan program yang bersifat capacity building dan sustainability, yaitu program strategis jangka panjang yang mengedepankan peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat dan keberdayaan masyarakat. Masing-masing program dan strategi pengentasan kemiskinan mempunyai kelebihan dan kelemahan, tidak ada yang sempurna. Oleh karena itu diperlukan efektifitas dan efisensi program pengentasan kemiskinan dalam implementasinya. Untuk mencapai efektifitas dan efisiensi diperlukan langkah strategis, pemetaan masalah, pemetaan kelompok sasaran, implementor dan monitoring. Kata Kunci: kemiskinan, program pengentasan kemiskinan, capacity building, pendekatan partisipatif, delivery approach Abstract Poverty is a crucial issue in national development. There are several typologies from different perspectives. In fact this is not an economic barrier, the release of social, economic, cultural and political issues. Because there is a relative importance in understanding poverty, poverty can be understood and categorized as economic dimensionless poverty, namely absolute poverty and relative criticism. Social-cultural dimension of poverty. Poverty alleviation is not always economic dimension, following example above role, structural functional, political and participative system capability. Where the main problem is how stakeholders perform their respective functions and roles. Government, private and public are the three key elements in poverty alleviation programs. Poverty alleviation programs in Indonesia are classified into two, urgent, short-term and emergency programming and delivery approaches that require capacity building and sustainability, a long-term strategic program that promotes community capacity building and community empowerment. Each poverty reduction program and strategy has its advantages and disadvantages, nothing is perfect. Therefore, the effectiveness and efficiency of poverty reduction program is needed. To achieve the effectiveness and efficiency required strategic steps, problem mapping, target group mapping, implementing and monitoring. Keywords: poverty, poverty alleviation program, capacity building, participatory approach, delivery approach.

An occupational perspective of poverty and poverty reduction

ABSTRACTPoverty is a complex problem with diverse interdependencies. Effective poverty reduction requires new ways of thinking about poverty and innovative programs to reduce its impact on people, communities and the environment. To date, a mix of economic, social structural, capabilities and learning perspectives have been applied to understanding poverty and planning strategies to expedite its reduction. We propose that inclusion of an occupational perspective will foster deeper understanding of the causes of poverty and its impact on people and communities. To that end, we introduce the SEED-SCALE, a novel theoretical framework designed to bring about social change. We argue that it is inherently occupation-focused and highly appropriate for poverty reduction programs, as it uses human energy (i.e. what humans do) to generate community and global solutions.