Understanding Of Practices Research Articles

Pediatric oncology nutritional practices in high-income countries: A survey from the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP).

Optimal nutrition in pediatric oncology can influence cancer-related outcomes. To establish an understanding of nutrition practice and perceptions of best practice, we queried nutrition providers practicing in pediatric oncology care centers in high-income countries. An electronic, multidisciplinary, cross-sectional survey of nutrition practices was conducted among pediatric oncology nutrition practitioners. Final analysis included 110 surveys from 71 unique institutions and included practitioners from Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia/New Zealand, South America, and the Middle East/Asia. The majority of institutions (97%) reported having dietitians; 72% had designated oncology dietitians. Approximately half of the practitioners (47%) reported feeling their institutions were inadequately staffed. The majority (78%) of institutions completed nutrition risk screening, but there was no consensus on specific screening practices. Half (50%) of the institutions that screened for nutrition risk did so in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The majority (80%) of institutions completed a nutrition assessment close to the time of diagnosis. Those that did not cite lack of staff and/or lack of time, lack of standardized approach, and consult only level of nutritional care as primary barriers. The most common topic of nutrition education provided to patients/families was nutrition-related symptom management (68%). While most institutions reported having pediatric oncology dietitians, we found a lack of standardized practice and perceived inadequate staffing. In addition, what providers perceived to be best practice did not always align with day-to-day clinical practice. Ongoing efforts are needed to develop evidence-based guidelines, including staffing recommendations, to support specialized care in this population.

Pengaruh Penguasaan Bahasa Indonesia terhadap Pemahaman Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan Jasmani pada Mahasiswa

The mental and physical health of students is greatly influenced by physical education, especially in the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PJKR) study program at Medan State University. One of the languages ​​that can be used in PJKR learning to understand the Theory and Practice of Education and to communicate with lecturers and friends during lectures is Indonesian. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Indonesian language proficiency on students' understanding of physical education theory and practice. This is because language is an important communication tool in learning, including in physical education lessons. The results of the study showed that increasing Indonesian language proficiency has an effect on contributing to improving student achievement in the field of Physics education.

Learning from innovative staff practices that led to virtual disability services using the lens of Complex Adaptive Systems

This paper draws on a Complex Adaptive Systems lens to develop an understanding of the staff practices that supported the development of Virtual Disability Services in Ireland amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved twelve interviews with service providers, which were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis, leading to two overarching themes. The first theme focuses on the logistics of constructing the response. This includes dynamic adaptiveness, technological readiness, a positive attitude towards technology, resource availability, digital skills, and the level of take-up. The second theme centres on the enacted response, which encompasses sensemaking, developing technological expertise, managing upward, fostering creative innovation, cultivating a systems sensibility, and creating conditions for psychological safety and authentic engagement. We conclude that staff practices are key for creating conditions conducive to safe spaces, sustaining well-being, and reshaping power dynamics and emphasise the importance of embracing technology as a tool for innovation within complex operating environments. POINTS OF INTEREST Virtual Services offered a good alternative to face-to-face services for some disabled people during COVID-19: they supported people to stay connected while self-isolating. Even though some staff and disabled people did not have many technology skills before COVID-19, they learned in real-time, using the resources available to them. Online relationships were seen as more equal as everyone was learning as they went. People with disabilities developed new skills and sometimes co-facilitated sessions. This gave them greater choice and control over how they interacted with services and changed power relationships within services. Having choices about how to access services is in line with enhancing rights and choice under the Convention of the Rights of People with Disabilities. Promoting digital inclusion may protect people against future societal disruptions.

Person-Organization Fit and Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role Between Performance Appraisal Effectiveness and Employee Turnover Intention

Due to the harmful consequences of turnover in the context of hospitality industry, the current study aims at proposing a moderating mediated model through which turnover intention may be reduced. Person-organization fit, and organizational commitment were proposed to aid performance appraisal in lowering turnover intention. The study’s purposes are threefold. Firstly, to assess the direct effect of performance appraisal effectiveness on employee turnover intention. Secondly, to evaluate the indirect effect of performance appraisal effectiveness on turnover intention through organizational commitment. Finally, it examines the moderating effect of person-organization fit between performance appraisal effectiveness and organizational commitment. Research data were collected through a questionnaire form designed and distributed to a sample of employees of five-star hotels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Four hundred forms were distributed, and 289 were returned. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS. It was revealed that performance appraisal effectiveness significantly negatively affects turnover intention. Moreover, organizational commitment mediates the relationship between performance appraisal effectiveness and turnover intention. Finally, person-organization fit could moderate the effect of performance appraisal effectiveness on organizational commitment. The study recommends that performance appraisal effectiveness is enhanced through achieving equity in the appraisal process and providing trust and effective communication between appraiser and appraisee. This requires conveying appraisal criteria in advance to the appraisee and conducting appropriate appraisal interviews where the appraisee can freely discuss the appraisal results with their appraiser. Fostering person-organization fit via appropriate selection and socialization can support performance appraisal effectiveness by preparing employees for their understanding of organizational policies and practices.

Social Interaction for Empowering and Encouraging Farmer Productivity in Kecamatan Rubaru, Sumenep

This research focuses on social interaction and farmer empowerment in Rubaru District, Sumenep, and its impact on agricultural productivity. Social interaction between farmers plays a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity, while farmer empowerment is an important factor in increasing welfare. This study adopts the framework of symbolic interaction theory to understand the role of communication and interaction in agricultural development. Miles and Huberman’s research method was used, involving in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document content analysis with five informants. The research results show that positive social interactions between farmers contribute to increasing agricultural knowledge, skills, and innovation. Farmer empowerment involves providing knowledge, skills, and access to resources and supporting better decision-making in agriculture. The role of farmer groups and cooperatives in facilitating social interaction and empowering farmers is very important. Madurese people’s myths and cultural beliefs influence farmers’ understanding of agricultural practices. Field instructors need to have cultural sensitivity and effective communication. In conclusion, social interaction and farmer empowerment positively increase agricultural productivity in Rubaru District, Sumenep. Peer-to-peer education and strong relationships between field extension workers and farmers play an important role in knowledge transfer and behavior change, providing valuable insights for the development of farmer empowerment programs and sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: social interaction, empowerment, farmer groups, productivity

Green knowledge management: a bibliometric analysis, research trends and future directions

Purpose Green knowledge management (GKM) has become a critical factor for modern organizations, offering a multifaceted approach to enhancing business operations while promoting environmental sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and explore how GKM helps companies reduce their ecological footprint by digitalizing processes and minimizing physical storage needs, thus aligning with growing expectations for corporate environmental responsibility. The necessity for conducting a GKM review is underscored by the increasing recognition of sustainability, environmental performance and as a critical component of organizational corporate success in the contemporary business landscape. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 994 papers related to GKM from 2005 until August 2024. Findings Over the 20 years of research on GKM, this bibliometric analysis drew the interlinked relationships between main theme of KM in the context of sustainable practices, processes, social and related theories. This study identifies green innovation, digital transformation, green and lean supply chains, leadership and technology tools. Future research can explore themes such as green and lean processes, barriers and enablers, role of leadership and ambidexterity in green supply chain integration using different theoretical lenses. Research limitations/implications Although the findings of this study are important to GKM research, there are a number of limitations to this investigation. The research database used exclusively was the Web of Science and Scopus, which contained the indexed papers. Future investigations may draw from various databases, such as EBSCO and Google Scholar. Additionally, the use of topic modelling and other artificial intelligence frameworks could enhance research analysis. Subsequently, research papers may expand their scope to encompass conference papers, books and book chapters, in addition to articles. Practical implications This review gives a holistic understanding of GKM practices across various sectors which not only enhances organizational performance but also contributes to broader environmental goals. This study offers an understanding on GKM on holistic approach that combines total quality management (TQM), absorptive capacity and collaborative frameworks to foster innovation and sustainability. Originality/value It is evident from the review that research in GKM is evolving gaining momentum. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the GKM literature, from its earliest forms of basic concepts aligned with the sustainability and progressing more into the concepts of GKM adoption for green innovation by highlighting multiple theories, factors and gaps in the studies.

How the arts heal: a review of the neural mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of creative arts on mental and physical health.

The creative arts have long been known for their therapeutic potential. These modalities, which include dance, painting, and music, among others, appear to be effective in enhancing emotional expression and alleviating adverse physiological and psychological effects. Engagement in creative arts can be pursued as a personal hobby, in a classroom setting, or through a formal therapeutic intervention with a qualified therapist. Engagement can be active (i.e., creating) or passive (i.e., viewing, listening). Regardless of the modality and manner of engagement, the mechanisms explaining the therapeutic efficacy of creative arts remain poorly understood. This study aims to systematically review research investigating the neurological mechanisms activated during active or passive engagement in creative arts, with a specific emphasis on the roles of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the amygdala in emotional regulation (ER) and creative behaviors. The review seeks to provide preliminary evidence for the possible existence of common neural mechanisms underlying both phenomena, which could inform the development of targeted therapeutic interventions leveraging creative arts for ER. A systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane Collaboration guideline and PRISMA standards to identify studies examining the neurological mechanisms underlying creative activities. A total of six out of 85 records meet the inclusion criteria, with all being basic research studies. Preliminary findings suggest that active and passive engagement with creative arts consistently activate neural circuits implicated in adaptive emotional regulation, including the mPFC and amygdala. These activations mirror the neural pathways engaged in effective ER strategies, suggesting the possible existence of shared mechanisms between creative expression and emotional processing. The evidence underscores the potential of creative arts as a complementary therapeutic strategy alongside conventional care and other evidence-based mind-body modalities. By elucidating the shared neural mechanisms between creative arts engagement and ER, this review contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of the role of creative arts in mental health. Future research is recommended to further explore these neural correlations and their implications for therapeutic practice.

Portrait of the Assessment Practices of Physical Education Teachers in Quebec: Reporting and Grading

Purpose: To gain a better understanding of the assessment practices currently implemented by Quebec physical education teachers regarding reporting and grading. Method: Exploratory mixed-methods study using semistructured interviews (n = 13), interviews to the double (n = 12), and a questionnaire (n = 164) with elementary and high school physical education teachers. Results: Participants use different strategies to report student performance. When grading, their strategy is to combine a mathematical approach with their professional judgment. They often consider all the marks taken during a learning and assessment situation and not only those taken at the end of it. Discussion/Conclusions: The main finding of this study is that teachers’ reporting and grading practices are subjective. We discuss how our results show the subjectivity in teachers’ practices and possible explanations for it, and then conclude by trying to understand how to make assessment in physical education more objective.

Why and how do suppliers develop environmental management capabilities in response to buyer-led development initiatives?

PurposeAlthough buying firms increasingly adopt supplier development to help suppliers enhance their ability to deal with environmental issues, little is known about the mechanisms by which buyer-led environmental supplier development (ESD) affects the environmental management capabilities (EMC) of suppliers. Focusing on the supplier perspective and specifically on the role of psychological mechanisms at the supplier level, the authors adopt the stimulus–organism–response framework from functionalist psychology to investigate the mediating role of environment-related supplier perceived relationship value in the association between ESD, in the form of environmental requirements and audits (indirect development – ID) vs. direct development projects (direct development – DD), and supplier EMC.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used structural equation modeling and regression analysis to test the hypotheses using survey data from 221 supplying organizations in China.FindingsResults reveal that each of the three considered dimensions of the environment-related supplier perceived relationship value (i.e. economic, strategic and co-creation) helps enhance EMC. However, while DD influences positively all three dimensions, ID has a positive effect on only the economic and strategic dimensions. Moreover, the mediation analysis suggests that, while DD affects EMC both directly and via the three dimensions of environment-related supplier perceived relationship value (partial mediation), ID affects EMC only through its impact on environment-related supplier perceived relationship economic and strategic value (full mediation).Originality/valueThe study sheds light on the psychological mechanisms that drive suppliers’ involvement in green supplier development activities. By doing so, it contributes to the understanding of ESD practices and processes and their effectiveness.

Patients’ knowledge of diabetic foot self-care practice: A cross-sectional study

This study evaluated the patients’ knowledge of diabetic foot self-care practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess patients' understanding of diabetic foot care practices at the diabetic center in Merjan Medical City. The study was conducted from October 15, 2023 to April 1, 2024. An extensive review of relevant literature informed the development of the study instrument, consisting of two sections and 22 items. Data were collected using a developed questionnaire administered through interviews with available contacts who facilitated access to the study sample. Each interview lasted approximately 10 to 15 minutes. The data collection period was extended from December 1, 2023, to January 1, 2024. Most of the respondents (52%) were between 50 and 59 years of age. The sample was predominantly male, comprising 28 patients (56%). A significant portion (84%) were married, and 44% had literacy skills. Most participants were employed (36%), with 72% residing in urban areas. Most respondents (68%) reported inadequate economic status, and a majority (76%) had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Additionally, the highest percentage of the study sample (80%) had been living with the disease for more than one year. Most of the sample (42%) had a fair level of knowledge regarding diabetic foot self-care at the diabetic center in Merjan Medical City. Providing comprehensive education to registered patients who regularly visit the center is essential, focusing on foot self-care activities to enhance their knowledge and practices.

The Influence of Budget Planning on Financial Expenditure: Evidence from Tier One Commercial Banks in Nairobi County, Kenya

This study examines the influence of budget planning on financial expenditure among tier one commercial banks in Nairobi County, Kenya. The research was grounded in Agency Theory. Using a descriptive survey design, data was collected from 112 respondents across six tier one banks. The study employed correlation and regression analyses to investigate the relationship between budget planning practices and financial expenditure. Results indicate a strong positive correlation between budget planning and financial expenditure (r=0.684, p<0.01). Regression analysis revealed that budget planning significantly influences financial expenditure (β=0.327, p<0.05), explaining 32.1% of the variance. The findings suggest that effective budget planning practices lead to improved control over financial expenditure in tier one commercial banks. This study contributes to the understanding of budgetary control practices in the Kenyan banking sector and provides practical implications for bank management.

A system dynamics gamification tool to enhance supply chain resilience in times of disruptions

AbstractIn recent years, significant disruptive events have stressed the global business environment and supply chains worldwide, and these events have become more disturbing and frequent. Consequently, organisations have been facing many troubles in different echelons of their supply chains, such as high inventory stockouts or unplanned supply and recovery costs, significantly affecting their performance and stability. Accordingly, strategists must acknowledge enterprise and supply chain resilience as a vital competence in organisational strategies and ploys to guide decision-makers when dealing with disruptive events. This work aims to help organisations develop a powerful approach for testing and improving a decision-making process to minimise stockouts, through a simulation game that considers essential supply chain components, such as suppliers, products, and disruptive events, coexisting in a dynamic system. Upon implementing the proposed game within an organisation, the main expected outcomes include: (i) enhanced decision-making capabilities; (ii) increased awareness and preparedness to address disruptive events; (iii) improved practical understanding of resilient supply chain management practices; (iv) cost-effective training and awareness-building; and (v) repetitive learning opportunities, thereby enhancing supply chain management and resilience. The game’s simplicity is crucial to ensure that this tool remains accessible and practical for its intended audience, as excessive complexity may potentially discourage its use.

Caregivers’ perceptions of feeding practices and diet diversity among children aged 12–59 months in a rural district of South India: an analytical cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to assess caregivers’ perceptions of feeding practices (breastfeeding and complementary feeding) and diet diversity among children aged 12–59 months in a rural district...

Professional Skills for School Administrators in the 21st Century

Background and Aims: Professional skills are essential for school administrators in the twenty-first century because they enable effective leadership, strategic decision-making, and the management of complex educational environments. Mastering these skills enables administrators to navigate challenges, implement innovative solutions, and foster an inclusive, supportive environment for students and staff. This paper aims to explore the Professional Skills for School Administrators in the 21st Century. Methodology: This methodology entails conducting a thorough review of existing literature and case studies to identify and assess the essential skills required for effective school administration. The review combines findings from a variety of sources to provide a comprehensive understanding of current demands and best practices in educational leadership. Results: The findings revealed that the multifaceted professional skills required of 21st-century school administrators are critical for effective leadership and management. Administrators can create equitable and supportive educational environments by focusing on ongoing development and best practices in these areas. These efforts are critical to navigating the complexities of modern education and ensuring long-term success for both students and schools. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of school administrators mastering a diverse set of professional skills to effectively lead and manage educational institutions. Emphasizing continuous growth and best practices in these areas is critical to creating equitable environments and achieving long-term success in education.

Investigating child-facing practitioners' understanding of adversity and its impact on children's development and service provision

Adversity during childhood is a common risk factor for poorer outcomes across physical, mental, and social health. Despite growing evidence and policy around preventing adversity and its sequalae, the incidence of adversity in childhood remains high. Child-facing practitioners (CfPs) may be well-placed to identify adversity and address its impact on children. This study investigated the understanding of adversity and current practice of CfPs working in the Education system, Healthcare and Social Care in England. An anonymous online survey was completed by 113 CfPs between April and June 2022. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Participating CfPs' reported using a range of assessment tools and direct observation, but there was a lack of consistency in the extent to which different types of adversity were explored in assessments. CfPs working in the Education system and Healthcare reported only liaising with Social Care services when a current worker was known to be involved with the family, or to make a referral. Indeed, a quarter of respondents from the Education system and Healthcare only considered early life experiences when capacity allowed. Over half of the CfPs in this survey 'did not know' or 'did not agree' that public services offer interventions to support families experiencing domestic abuse, parental mental health difficulties and addiction, or the impact of these adversities on children's wellbeing. The study highlights that CfPs could benefit from further training about the prevalence and impact of adversity to inform service delivery. A review of CfPs' routine assessments is needed to ensure that children's exposure to adversity is routinely identified; this will facilitate families to access appropriate support to mitigate the impact of such experiences.

Decoding Depth of Meditation: Electroencephalography Insights From Expert Vipassana Practitioners

BackgroundMeditation practices have demonstrated numerous psychological and physiological benefits, but capturing the neural correlates of varying meditative depths remains challenging. In this study, we aimed to decode self-reported time-varying meditative depth in expert practitioners using electroencephalography (EEG). MethodsExpert Vipassana meditators (n = 34) participated in 2 separate sessions. Participants reported their meditative depth on a personally defined 1 to 5 scale using both traditional probing and a novel spontaneous emergence method. EEG activity and effective connectivity in theta, alpha, and gamma bands were used to predict meditative depth using machine/deep learning, including a novel method that fused source activity and connectivity information. ResultsWe achieved significant accuracy in decoding self-reported meditative depth across unseen sessions. The spontaneous emergence method yielded improved decoding performance compared with traditional probing and correlated more strongly with postsession outcome measures. Best performance was achieved by a novel machine learning method that fused spatial, spectral, and connectivity information. Conventional EEG channel-level methods and preselected default mode network regions fell short in capturing the complex neural dynamics associated with varying meditation depths. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of decoding personally defined meditative depth using EEG. The findings highlight the complex, multivariate nature of neural activity during meditation and introduce spontaneous emergence as an ecologically valid and less obtrusive experiential sampling method. These results have implications for advancing neurofeedback techniques and enhancing our understanding of meditative practices.

Exploring aggressive tax planning dynamics: the impact of investment opportunity sets and free cash-flow surplus

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how investment opportunity sets (IOs) and free cash-flow (FCF) surpluses affect aggressive tax planning (ATP). This research focuses on examining the correlation between these factors and delves into how ATP, perceived as a tool for exploiting legal loopholes, plays a central role.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses panel data analysis techniques on a sample of 1,248 firm-observations gathered from nonfinancial enterprises in Jordan that are listed in the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) between the years 2008 and 2019. The Driscoll–Kraay regression model (fixed effect) is enlisted to avoid the inconsistency of the slope across individual units and time period.FindingsThe findings indicate that the IOs does not affect ATP. However, there is a significant negative effect of FCF surplus on ATP. Furthermore, consistent with positive accounting theory the data reveal that all of these control variables exert a substantial positive influence on ATP.Research limitations/implicationsThis study concentrates on nonfinancial firms listed in the ASE, thereby constraining the applicability of the results to alternative contexts. Nevertheless, the findings of this study enhance comprehension regarding the extent of ATP and bear policy implications for policymakers regarding the structuring of future tax systems aimed at reducing the prevalence of tax avoidance behaviors. Thus, future research should conduct longitudinal studies to capture temporal dynamics.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature on ATP by focusing on using the Wilson tax-shelter model as a precise proxy. It fills gaps in prior research by exploring connections between IOs, FCF and ATP. The findings offer novel insights into the dynamics of tax planning strategies and contribute to the broader understanding of tax management practices.

Development of interprofessional educational module for understanding the musculoskeletal basis of sports injury

ABSTRACT Context: Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial in promoting a better understanding of collaborative practices within the healthcare system. Unfortunately, healthcare professionals are still working in isolation. To address this issue, a study was conducted to develop a module-based teaching and learning activity focusing on sports injuries and to promote IPE. Aims: The aim of the study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an IPE module. Settings and Design: An educational mixed-method study was conducted on 25 facilitators and 108 students. Methods, Materials and Statistical Analysis: The facilitators were interviewed for an assessment of the need for the IPE module. Qualitative analysis was done on the interview data. An interprofessional team was created to develop the sports injury prevention module (SIPM). The SIPM consisting of 11 objectives was developed and validated by experts. After the implementation of SIPM students’ performance was analysed with the help of pre and post-tests. The perception of students and facilitators about IP SIPM were recorded with the help of questionnaires. Results: Need assessment data showed that the facilitators were not very familiar with the concept of IPE. There was a significant increase in students’ performance with a P value ≤ 0.05 after learning with SIPM. Both facilitators and students agreed that module-based IPE increases students’ attentiveness and learning. Conclusions: For effective interprofessional educational collaboration for training students of the healthcare profession, there is a need for an interprofessional educational module. SIPM can enhance the learning of musculoskeletal anatomy and create awareness about sports injuries among students.

Struggling with strategizing in public client organisations: Managing strategic projects in inter-organisational contexts

The efficiency of using strategic projects to accelerate long-term change is questioned, especially in inter-organisational contexts. Strategic projects operationalised in inter-organisational contexts are decoupled from the parent – permanent – organisation, creating a need for project actors to manage in-between. The aim of this paper is to increase the understanding of practices for managing strategic projects in inter-organisational contexts, initiated by public client organisations. Applying a practice perspective, this paper presents a case study exploring a strategic project to test collaborative contracting in road maintenance contracts for a public infrastructure client in Sweden. The findings revealed a lack of structure regarding both participation and responsibilities, as well as uncertainties and ambiguities with respect to the goal of the strategic change. The study shows how strategic practices move from central units at the permanent organisational level to the contract level where the strategic project is operationalised and tested, isolating the project and making project actors act as middle managers in-between the project and parent organisation. Thus, the study contributes with a discussion on the efficiency of strategizing through projects in public organisations, especially those operating in a network of suppliers through outsourcing.

Conceptualizing the Antecedents and Individual Impact of Business Intelligence in the Public Sector: The Technology-Organisation-Authoritative Framework

Business intelligence (BI) refers to a technological tool and process that transforms large and fragmented data into well-informed graphical insights to aid managerial decision-making. Recognizing the significant benefits of BI in leveraging extensive amounts of data, governments have been progressively investing in BI tools to improve efficiency in public offices. Nevertheless, despite a significant body of knowledge related to BI adoptions and their advantages, there is a dearth of theoretical understanding of how the effective use of the system affects employees' work performance, particularly among civil servants who have distinctive work natures compared to businesses. Most studies have also ignored external and institutional factors that influence individual usage, whilst studies on the effective use of BI tools remain limited. The paper thus proposed a new conceptual framework for examining the factors that influence the effective use of BI and its impact on individual job performance. The suggested propositions could provide a theoretical contribution by integrating technological, organizational and authoritative dimensions that are novel and unique to the public sector. It would also contribute to practical understandings for public managers and policymakers in ensuring the investment made on BI is worthwhile. Ultimately, the paper seeks to bridge the gap in BI studies related to public organizations.