Conceptual Understanding Research Articles

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match Berbantuan Aplikasi 3D terhadap Pemahaman Konsep pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan

This research utilized a cooperative learning model of make a match type assisted by a 3D application to investigate the influence of students' conceptual understanding on the topic of the digestive system in Grade XI of a Private High School in Medan City. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of using the cooperative learning model of make a match type assisted by a 3D application and to assess students' conceptual understanding of the digestive system material. The research design employed was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental approach with a quantitative method. The study was conducted with an experimental group and a control group. The instruments administered to both groups consisted of pretest (before treatment) and posttest (after treatment) essay questions adjusted according to conceptual understanding indicators. Data analysis included descriptive statistical approach, inferential analysis, and independent t-test hypothesis testing to evaluate the influence and differences in students' conceptual understanding between the experimental group (treatment) and the control group using conventional learning models. The results of this study indicated that the posttest scores in the experimental group increased by 73.95 points, compared to only 12.19 points in the control group. The findings suggest a significant impact of the treatment (experimental group) on students' conceptual understanding of the digestive system material in one of the Private High Schools in Medan City.

Pemahaman Konsep Materi Metabolisme pada Siswa Kelas XII MIPA

Good, broad, and in-depth mastery of concepts is very necessary to avoid misconceptions which may influence mastery of concepts in subsequent interconnected material. Low understanding of concepts can be seen from the low material completeness scores as found in class XII MIPA MA Negeri 1 Pontianak in two consecutive academic years, especially in the Metabolism material. This research aims to describe students' understanding of concepts and find out concepts that are difficult for class XII MIPA MA Negeri 1 Pontianak students to understand in Metabolism material. This research uses a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The sample was taken randomly, namely one of three classes XII MIPA at MA Negeri 1 Pontianak in the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 31 individuals. A two-tier diagnostic test instrument in the form of multiple choices is used to test understanding of the concepts of enzymes, catabolism and anabolism which consists of 20 questions. A combination of first and second level answers is used to differentiate between students who understand the concept, misconception type 1, misconception type 2, and do not understand the concept. The test results show that students' understanding of Metabolism material is in the very low category at 74.19%, in the low category 19.35%, in the medium category 6.45%, and in the high and very high categories 0%. The metabolism material that is most difficult for students to understand is the catabolism sub-material with a percentage of not understanding the concept of 50.69%, misconception type 2 41.93%. However, the percentage of misconceptions type 2 and not understanding concepts in the catabolism sub-material is also high at 50.00% and 33.33% respectively. Likewise, in the enzyme sub-material, the percentage of misconception type 2 was 38.24% and 37.32% did not understand the concept.

개념적 접근에 따른 교육과정 연계·통합의 가능성과 과제

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze cases of curriculum connection and integration according to the conceptual approach practiced by IB schools, and to discuss the educational possibilities and challenges of such an approach. Method: In order to analyze the characteristics of curriculum connection and integration according to a conceptual approach, unit design plans and class observations of IB PYP schools were analyzed. Results: IB schools clearly recognize that forming students’ conceptual understanding is the most important goal of teaching and learning, and design and implement inductive learning experiences and transition steps toward conceptual understanding through student-led inquiry. Discussion: It is necessary to present cross-curricular key concepts in the national curriculum, prepare differentiated strategies according to the characteristics of elementary and secondary schools, and strengthen teacher capacity.

Pengembangan Edugame pada Materi Sistem Saraf untuk Siswa SMA

The complex material of the nervous system often makes high school students feel challenged due to limited teaching time and monotonous learning media. Designing an interactive and enjoyable edugame can simplify students' understanding of abstract concepts and increase their motivation to learn. This study aims to develop an educational game on the nervous system that is valid and practical as a recommended learning medium for high school students. The development uses the Multimedia-Based Instructional Design model by Lee & Owens, which consists of analysis, design, development and implementation, and evaluation. The sample in this study consists of 32 high school students majoring in Science. The data analysis of the validation results is done using a percentage formula, while the questionnaire reliability is analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. The results of media validation showed a score of 95%, material validation reached 100%, validation by practitioners obtained 95%, and the practicality test of the media achieved 96.7%. This educational game on the nervous system can be recommended as one of the learning media for the nervous system material.

Effects of Game-Based Activities on Student's Social Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Science

This study evaluated the effectiveness of four game-based activities (GBAs) in teaching ecosystems to Grade 7 Biology students. Involving 69 students (34 control, 35 experimental), the quasi-experimental study used a mixed-methods approach. The researcher utilized a static-group comparison design for the quantitative phase and a thematic analysis for the qualitative phase. Quantitative analysis revealed significant improvements in the experimental group's social skills (p<0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.63) and conceptual understanding (p<0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.86). Descriptive statistical analysis also suggests that GBAs can foster positive attitudes toward using GBAs and learning. Qualitative data from journal entries and teacher-observer interviews highlighted enhanced communication, collaboration, confidence, and participation among students using GBAs. The study also recognized the interconnection between conceptual understanding, social skills, and attitude toward learning, not just as pedagogical tools but also as practical tools in improving students’ affective domain, creating a safe environment beneficial for the learning process in general.

Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Media GeoGebra dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Materi Dimesi Tiga

This research discusses the design and implementation of GeoGebra media and Student Worksheets (LKPD) for three-dimensional material. The main focus is to explore the potential use of media, such as 3D simulations, learning videos, and mathematical modeling applications, in increasing students' understanding of complex concepts. This research aims to analyze the benefits of using media in LKPD, including increasing student involvement, facilitating abstract understanding, and developing critical thinking skills. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), which involves the needs analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation stages. The research subjects consisted of 30 students taking the Mathematics Teaching Materials course. Data was collected through a questionnaire on student responses to the media used in the LKPD. The research results show that the use of media in LKPD significantly increases understanding of three-dimensional concepts. In addition, students responded positively to the use of media, which was considered to help visualize concepts and increase interest in learning. Media implementation strategies in LKPD, such as demonstrations, group assignments and class discussions, have proven effective in overcoming the challenges of three-dimensional mathematics learning. Thus, media integration in LKPD is recommended as an effective strategy to increase students' understanding and involvement in mathematics learning.

INFLUENCE OF PEER LEARNING PRACTICES ON STUDENT ACADEMIC COMPETENCES IN MATHEMATICS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RWANDAA CASE OF RUHANGO DISTRICT

Background:Peer learning recognized as a form of collaborative learning has garnered significant attention in educational settings due to its potential to enhance students understanding and retention of subject matter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of peer learning practices on student academic competences in mathematics in public secondary schools in Rwanda. This study was guided by three specific objectives and three research hypotheses focusing on peer learning practices and their influences on student academic competences in mathematics in Public secondary schools. Methods and Materials:The study utilized a mixed-methods research design. The target population included 5 sector education officers, 20 secondary school head teachers, 40 mathematics teachers, and 1435 students from 20 secondary schools in Ruhanago District. Both probability and non-probability sampling procedures were employed to determine the sample size. Specifically, stratified random sampling was used for selecting education officers, head teachers, and mathematics teachers, while convenience sampling was employed for selecting students. Data collection involved the use of interview guides for head teachers and questionnaires for teachers and students. Qualitative data were analyzed using statistically techniques, while quantitative data were analyzed with IBM SPSS. Results:Results pertaining to the relationship between peer learning practices and academic competences in mathematics revealed significant findings. 93.1% of students acknowledged that peer-learning practices positively influenced their mathematics grades, while 91.5% agreed that these practices enhanced their problem-solving skills. Additionally, 94.5% of respondents affirmed that peer-learning practices improved their conceptual understanding of mathematics, while 92% agreed that such practices increased their peer interaction and collaboration skills. Furthermore, 94.5% of students acknowledged that peer-learning practices enhanced their metacognitive skills. A strong relationship was established between students academic competences and peer learning practices where Pearson coefficient of correlation states the correlation (r=0.860, p-value<0.001), Peer learning practices and students problem solving skills (0. 608**.p-value<0.001), Students academic abilities and peer learning practices (r=.876** , p-value <0.001). changes or improvements in their academic competences due to peer learning practices (r=.705** , p-value <0.001) The association is related because p-value was less than 0.05, explaining that peer learning practices influence students academic competences at high level. The researcher suggests further investigation to explore the influence of students academic competences on their overall academic performance in public secondary schools in Rwanda, allowing for comparative analysis. Overall, the results pertaining to the relationship between peer learning practices and students academic competences in mathematics establish a strong correlation. The data consistently demonstrate a high degree of positive correlation between peer learning practices and students math grades, problem-solving skills, conceptual understanding, peer interaction and collaboration skills, metacognitive abilities, and overall academic confidence. Conclusion: It is essential to acknowledge that the effectiveness of these practices may vary based on contextual factors and individual differences among students. Effective facilitation and a supportive learning culture are crucial for realizing the full benefits of peer learning practices, as well as for addressing potential challenges and variations in outcomes.

DIGITAL MARKETING - A BOOST TO TODAY’S BUSINESSES

Digital marketing refers to the promotion of products or services through digital technologies, primarily via the Internet, but also through mobile phones, display advertising, and other digital mediums. Since its inception in the 1990s and 2000s, digital marketing has transformed how brands and businesses utilize technology for their marketing efforts. With the growing integration of digital platforms into marketing strategies and everyday life, and the increasing preference for digital devices over physical store visits, digital marketing campaigns have become more widespread and effective. This paper focuses on providing a conceptual understanding of digital marketing, exploring how it benefits modern businesses, and presenting examples to illustrate its impact. Keywords: Digital Technologies, Digital Platforms, Business Strategy, Conceptual Understanding.

Use of Concept Mapping as an Innovative Learning Strategy in Science: A Qualitative Study Using Thematic Analysis

Abstract: This research paper explores the use of concept mapping as an innovative learning strategy in science education. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, thematic analysis is employed to analyze data collected from science educators and students. The study aims to understand how concept mapping influences learning outcomes, student engagement, and conceptual understanding in science. The findings suggest that concept mapping enhances comprehension, fosters critical thinking, and supports active learning. Recommendations for educators and implications for future research are discussed.

The Effectiveness of Using SmartBoard Interactive Toward Learning Innovation in Schools

SmartBoard Interactive is a tool that combines touch and projection technology, allowing teachers and students to interact directly with learning content through touch screens. SmartBoard Interactive is an implementation of Smartclass. Smartclass is the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in education. The IoT is a network of physical objects connected to the Internet. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of using SmartBoard Interactive in improving learning innovation in schools. The research method is a survey that uses questionnaires. The respondents in this study were teachers and students at elementary, junior high, and high school levels who used SmartBoard Interactive in the daily learning process. The application of SmartBoard Interactive in Learning includes the use of an interactive whiteboard, multimedia, animation, video, and gamification. The results show that the use of SmartBoard Interactive has a positive impact on learning innovation. Teachers stated that it increased student engagement, improved learning motivation, and facilitated better concept understanding. A total of 96.9% of the students showed a positive response to the use of this technology, felt more motivated, and showed a significant improvement in learning outcomes. This research will encourage the wider application of this technology in educational contexts, with the aim of achieving more effective learning outcomes and enhancing students' learning experiences.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL MELALUI MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning model in improving students' concept understanding of global warming material in class X of one of the high schools in Kotagede, Yogyakarta. This study used a quantitative research design with a sample of 10 learners selected through purposive sampling. The method involved two meetings, each allocated 2 x 35 minutes, which included a pretest, learning by applying the Discovery Learning model, and a post-test. The paired sample t-test analysis showed a significant increase in concept understanding, with the average pretest score of 65.5 increasing to 83.0 in the posttest. The Discovery Learning model's application improved student engagement and understanding of global warming material. Based on the results of this study, the Discovery Learning model is recommended to be applied in physics learning in high school.

Analysis of Differences in Graph Interpretation Understanding of Grade X Students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Malang on Kinematics Topic Based on Gender

This study aims to analyze the conception profile of MAN 1 Malang students on the subject matter of kinematics based on gender using multiple choice tests. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. This research was conducted on 94 students (47 male and 47 female students) of MAN 1 Malang. Quantitative data was obtained from the score of correct answers from students when answering questions. The method used was survey method. After the validation test and reliability test, there were 20 questions categorized as valid and could be used for research. The questions that passed the test were then given to students to do in the form of a written test. The results showed that students' understanding of the concept of kinematics was categorized as very low. This is due to the average student concept understanding score of 24.04. Based on the data analysis that has been done, it is concluded that there is no difference in concept understanding between male students and female students.

Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation in Karabakh region: causes and consequences

Purpose: is to discuss the possible causes and consequences of Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation in Karabakh region. Method: comparative analysis, and synthesis. Findings: Azerbaijan is one of few countries which successfully waged a full-scale war against Armenia in order to restore its territorial integrity and conducted impeccable counterterrorism operation of the local nature against illegal armed groups in Karabakh region in order to eliminate separatism and ensure its sovereignty over liberated territories. A set of principles is usually followed to conduct counterterrorism operations, which are intricate and multidimensional, with the goal of efficiently fighting terrorist threats while minimizing collateral harm and safeguarding human rights. All principles of counterterrorism operation were met and Azerbaijan eliminated separatism once and for all and ensured its sovereignty over the liberated territories. What makes this operation different from many operations of the same nature, is that a long-term approach – one of the most important principles of the counterterrorism operations has been applied, where the immediate security concerns were eradicated, the source of separatism was isolated, the ideological extremism was dispelled, the promotion of stability was ensured, left no reason for foreign troops (so-called Russian peacekeepers) to stay in its territory. Theoretical implications: The paper enhances our understanding of key concepts of counterterrorism operations in general and provides new insights for understanding the possible causes and consequences of Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation. The results obtained in the study have broader implications for national security strategies in pursuit of eradicating the similar problems in different contexts. Practical implications: Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation is a typical example for the nations suffering from the same problem. Applying different aspects of this operation as depicted in the paper would definitely contribute to the adjustment of tactics and techniques, reallocation of resources, effective application of new technologies by the nations to eliminate the separatism within their internationally recognized territories. Value: The study presents Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation as a model for eradicating the problems of the same nature in pursuit of peace and stability in different regions, delineates the principles of the counterterrorism operations and explains them in the example of the operation conducted by Azerbaijan Armed Forces. Paper type: theoretical.

C. S. Lewis and Derrida: An Exploration

While many scholars have presented C. S. Lewis’s understanding of language and meaning as directly opposed to those of Jaques Derrida, others have seen similarities between their understanding of these same concepts. This paper provides an overview of the two different perspectives while also introducing other concepts that they both address. These include their attitudes about the changing nature of how people understand the world they live in, and how words change meaning. They also share an interest in wonder, and in some ways, agree on how forgiveness works.

THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (STEM MODEL) IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS LEARNING

The education involves STEM combines four fields: S for Science, T for Technology, E for Engineering, and M for Mathematics. STEM education is under the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025, to enhance the high interest and motivation to study these four fields. Subsequently, the academic achievement of the STEM subjects can be improved. Therefore, this study aims to study the usage of the STEM model in the learning process of fundamental physics subject, characterized by higher-order thinking skills. The sample in this study was students from the Centre of Foundation Studies in Science of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Two groups are formed: the group that will produce the model (developer groups) and the group that will use the model in the learning process (user groups). The user groups are given a Pre-Achievement Test (Pre-AT) to determine their initial skills on the related topic. At the same time, the developer groups develop the STEM model, which acts as a learning tool for the usage groups. Then, after being exposed to the STEM model for 2 months, the user groups are requested to answer a Post-Achievement Test (Post-AT). The performance of Pre-AT and Post-AT are compared since these tests use a similar level of Bloom's taxonomy. Moreover, both groups need to answer the same surveys regarding the model's formation and evaluate the model's satisfaction in the learning process. Based on the analysis results, it was found that using the STEM model enhances the understanding of physics concepts, and subsequently increase the critical thinking and problem-solving skills among students. In addition, the STEM model development enhances the skills of project-based learning (PBL) among students.

TEACHER’S EXPERIENCE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPIRAL PROGRESSION APPROACH (SPA) IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY

This qualitative inquiry explores the experiences of teachers implementing the Spiral Progression Approach (SPA) in teaching English to junior high school students. The study aims to understand the challenges educators in English subject encounter while applying SPA, a pedagogical method designed to reinforce learning by revisiting topics with increasing complexity. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with a diverse group of junior high school English teachers. Findings reveal that while teachers appreciate the SPA’s potential to enhance student retention and understanding, they face significant challenges. These include difficulties in aligning the curriculum with SPA principles, time constraints in covering the required material, and varying levels of student readiness. Despite these hurdles, teachers reported that SPA facilitates a deeper understanding of language concepts and skills over time, fostering a more holistic and integrated approach to learning English. The study concludes that successful implementation of SPA requires comprehensive professional development, adequate resources, and continuous support for teachers. By addressing these needs, educational institutions can better leverage SPA to improve English language education outcomes in junior high schools.

Educational Transformation: Using Virtual Reality as a Learning Tool for The Future

Education continues to transform with the introduction of advanced technology such as Virtual Reality (VR). The use of VR as a future learning tool promises to revolutionize the way students learn and interact with course material. This research aims to explore the potential of VR to increase student engagement through a more interactive and immersive learning experience. The research method used is literature study. Through a literature study and analysis of recent developments, we see how VR can aid the understanding of complex concepts, such as science and mathematics, as well as improve understanding of historical content through realistic simulations. However, challenges such as device costs and curriculum integration need to be overcome to realize the full potential of this technology in education. It can be concluded that with the right strategy, VR can be the key to creating more personalized and effective learning experiences, leading to major transformations in the global education system. This research contributes to a more personalized and effective learning experience, which in turn can improve the quality of education and student learning outcomes

How to Support The Algebraic Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students Using The Generative Multi-Representation Learning Model Modification Schema-Based Instruction?

Elementary school teachers still do not fully utilize effective learning models, especially in teaching algebraic concepts. Lack of understanding of algebraic concepts has caused students to have difficulty mastering algebra, including calculation, representation, and mathematical modeling, as well as recognizing algebraic symbols and variables. The purpose of this study is to answer the research question (RQ) How does the Generative Multi Representation Learning Model Modified Schema Based Instruction (MGMRM-SBI) affect the algebraic thinking skills of elementary school students? In this study, the experimental method was used with a posttest-only control group design, where the sample was selected using Cluster Random Sampling with a total sample of 128 students. The research instrument used was an algebraic thinking ability test in the form of description test questions, and data analysis was carried out using a t-test with the help of SPSS statistical software. The results of the t-test showed a significant difference between the algebraic thinking skills of students in the experimental and control classes, with significance values (2 sides) = 0.000 < sig. = 0.05. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of the Generative Multi Representation Learning model Modified Schema Based Instruction has a significant effect on the algebraic thinking ability of elementary school students, and is more effective than the expository model.

FEATURES OF USING VBA IN TEACHING ACTUARIAL MATHEMATICS

The article is devoted to the analysis of practice of application of specific computational techniques within MS Excel, including VBA, for teaching selected topics in actuarial mathematics. Formulation of the problem. With the evolution of financial and actuarial models towards complexity and reliance on machine learning and data science, there is a growing demand for modern mathematicians, particularly actuaries, to acquire new skills and knowledge. This demand is being driven by new fintech trends in banking and insurance, such as smart payments, real-time credit risk assessment, automated reputation management, customer analytics, fraud detection and cryptocurrency trading. As a result, the training of future actuaries must meet high standards to ensure they are equipped to handle the sophisticated mathematical calculations required by insurance companies and other financial institutions. Materials and methods. To yield results, both theoretical methods, which involve analyzing books and publications, in particular in professional journals in the domains of finance and actuarial mathematics, and empirical methods, entailing the observation of the educational process aimed at training prospective actuaries, are employed in this study. Results. A study aimed at tackling the challenges encountered in teaching actuarial mathematics topics, such as life expectancy and mortality tables, revealed that incorporating a balanced blend of theoretical concepts and hands-on applications, coupled with illustrating mathematical models through real-world examples and reinforcing diverse computational techniques, constitutes a cornerstone of successful training for aspiring actuaries. Leveraging a versatile and user-friendly tool like VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) integrated into MS Excel enables educators to customize examples and assignments to match the intricacy and emphasis of their syllabus, thereby offering students a more targeted learning journey. Conclusions. The teaching of mathematical disciplines, especially financial and actuarial mathematics, in academic programmes for future actuaries requires the adaptation of traditional methods and approaches. In particular, the integration of VBA is key to teaching specific actuarial mathematics concepts, which aims to equip students with the necessary practical competencies. VBA facilitates interactive learning by enabling students to manipulate variables and observe changes in calculations in real time, which improves their understanding of actuarial concepts. VBA also allows you to automate repetitive tasks involving complex mathematical calculations, which saves time and reduces errors. Therefore, its use is recommended when teaching topics involving tabular data, especially life expectancy.

Albuterol off-label use in the management of hyperkalemia and students survey

This study aimed to explore the evidence in the off-label use of albuterol in the acute management of hyperkalemia. It also aims to explore the knowledge and opinion of first-year pharmacy students related to this topic. Based on the literature survey, it shows a lack of awareness among first-year pharmacy students regarding albuterol, hyperkalemia, and the use of albuterol for hyperkalemia. Demographic factors, such as income and years of work experience, were shown to influence students' understanding of the topic. Regarding the survey, a total of forty participants completed an online survey, providing information on demographic factors such as age, gender, residency state, employment status, income, education, and work experience. Results revealed a predominantly female and younger student population, with diverse geographic representation and varied employment and income levels. Most participants selected the wrong answer to questions related to albuterol and hyperkalemia, suggesting potential knowledge gaps in this area. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance student understanding and clinical decision-making skills in pharmacotherapy-related concepts. Further research could evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions in improving student knowledge and patient care outcomes.