Underrepresented Racial Minority Research Articles

Borrower discouragement: Explaining under-represented racial minority entrepreneur’s relationship with debt financing

This study examines the factors influencing borrower discouragement among underrepresented racial minority entrepreneurs (URMs) in the United States, focusing on their engagement with debt financing. Despite their significant economic contributions, URMs face systemic challenges in accessing financial resources essential for growth. The research explores how experiences in racialised environments lead to feelings of stereotype threat, which in turn result in borrower discouragement. An experiment involving 186 entrepreneurs revealed that stereotype threat fosters a prevention focus while diminishing a promotion focus. Interestingly, stereotype reactance can mitigate the impact of stereotype threat on prevention focus. These findings enhance our understanding of the micro-processes in debt acquisition for URMs, contributing to URM entrepreneurship literature and resource acquisition research. They also have practical implications, highlighting the need for strategies to counteract borrower discouragement and support URMs in their entrepreneurial endeavours.

Different power perceptions based on socially situated needs: Findings from a qualitative study among Asian Americans.

While power is often defined and operationalized as control or influence over others, alternative conceptualizations define power as the ability to meet various fundamental needs. We argue that this conceptualization may better capture how marginalized minority group members understand their group's power or powerlessness. However, there is little research examining how people themselves construe group-based power. The present study, therefore, used qualitative inquiry to examine perceived ingroup power among Asian Americans, an underrepresented racial minority group with an ambivalent power status in society. Reflexive thematic analysis of 25 interviews illustrated the relevance of Prilleltensky's (J. Community Psychol., 36, 2008, 116) psychopolitical conceptualization of power. Specifically, we identified eight themes that reflect various context-specific construals of power as oppression, wellness and liberation. Additionally, the findings suggest the need to consider intragroup heterogeneity in power and to situate how power is understood in the given sociopolitical, structural context.

Memphis NeuroSTART Program: Promoting Student Success and Increasing the Diversity of Applicants to Neuroscience Graduate Programs.

With grant support from the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Awards to Stimulate and Support Undergraduate Research Experiences (ASSURE) program funded by the Department of Defense (DoD) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), we established a program intended to increase the number of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (URM) and first-generation undergraduate students successfully applying to neuroscience and other STEM-related graduate programs. The Neuroscience Techniques and Research Training (NeuroSTART) Program aimed to increase the number of undergraduate students from the Memphis area involved in behavioral neuroscience research. In this two-semester program, students completed an empirical research project in a neuroscience lab, received individual mentoring from neuroscience faculty, became part of a STEM network, presented at research conferences, and attended specialized professional development seminars. In two cohorts of 15 students, 4 are PhD students in neuroscience-related programs or in medical school (27%), 4 are employed in neuroscience-related research facilities (27%), 3 are employed as clinical assistants (20%), and 1 is employed in the IT field (7%). The remaining three recently graduated and are planning a gap year prior to applying for admission to graduate/medical school. The Memphis NeuroSTART program has provided valuable training to participants, making them competitive applicants for jobs in the health sciences and for admittance into graduate neuroscience programs. By providing this training to first-generation and URM students, the broader impact of this program was an increase in the diversity of the health sciences workforce, particularly those specializing in neuroscience-related research and treatment.

The presence of diversity initiatives leads to increased pro-White hiring decisions among conservatives.

Despite the push and pull between pro-diversity advocates and conservative resistance, most organizations have implemented diversity initiatives in an effort to promote equitable and fair organizational practices. Past work has shown that these diversity initiatives may not be as effective as expected and may instead result in unintended negative consequences for the very individuals they are meant to support. In three novel experiments (total N = 3,664), we investigated whether and when the presence of pro-diversity messages in organizational job recruitment materials might facilitate versus hinder the hiring of underrepresented racial minorities. Participant race and political ideology were also investigated as predictors of hiring recommendations. Findings indicate that pro-diversity messages facilitate politically motivated hiring bias. Specifically, in the presence of pro-diversity messages, White and some Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) conservatives tend to display a pro-White shift in their hiring recommendations, whereas liberals tend to display a pro-minority shift. The present research underscores the importance of organizational awareness regarding the potential for hiring managers to react, whether consciously or subconsciously, against pro-diversity efforts because of political ideology. The present research also highlights the need for organizations to move beyond just espousing pro-diversity values and actually investigate the impact diversity initiatives have on hiring, retention, and promotion of diverse employees. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Impact of Graduate Record Exam Threshold Scores in Disqualifying Underrepresented Ethnic-Racial Minority Applicants for Admission to a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program.

A growing number of graduate-level health professions education programs in the United States are discontinuing the use of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) in their admissions requirements amidst concerns that its use puts Underrepresented Racial Minority (URRM) applicants at a disadvantage. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzes the association between ethnic-racial selection and the reasons for disqualification among applicants to a public Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program that used a minimum grade point average (GPA), and Analytic Writing and Quantitative Reasoning GRE minimum threshold scores to qualify applicants. There is evidence across the health professions literature that both GRE scores and GPA are associated with success on licensure examinations and academic performance. However, these variables also tend to disadvantage URRM applicants in gaining admissions to postgraduate health care fields, including physical therapy. All applicants (N = 4,797) to a single DPT program from a 9-year period were included. Racial and ethnic self-selections, GRE scores, and prerequisite GPA were coded for each applicant and classified for meeting qualifying criteria. The URRM applicants were disqualified based on GRE scores alone (P < .001) and in combination of GRE and GPA at a statistically significantly (P < .001) higher rate than Overrepresented Racial Group (ORRG) applicants, although the associations were negligible or weak. Compared with ORRG applicants, URRM applicants were at a statistically significant disadvantage because of the GRE threshold scores requirement. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that use of GRE minimum threshold scores disproportionately reduced URRM applicants in the qualified applicant pool. This investigation can be used as a model to inform holistic admission decisions regarding the use of academic variables to achieve the diversity and success goals of the program.

Study protocol for ADHERE (Applying Directly observed therapy to HydroxyurEa to Realize Effectiveness): Using small business partnerships to deliver a scalable and novel hydroxyurea adherence solution to youth with sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that affects approximately 100,000 Americans, primarily from underrepresented racial minority populations, and results in costly, multi-organ complications. Hydroxyurea, the primary disease-modifying therapy for SCD, is effective at reducing most complications; however, adherence to hydroxyurea remains suboptimal and is the primary barrier to clinical effectiveness. Video directly observed therapy (VDOT) has shown promise as an adherence-promoting intervention for hydroxyurea, yet previous VDOT trials were limited by high attrition from gaps in technology access, use of unvalidated adherence measures, and healthcare system limitations of delivering VDOT to patients. As such, we fostered a small business partnership to compare VDOT for hydroxyurea to attention control to address previous shortcomings, promote equitable trial participation, and maximize scalability. VDOT will be administered by Scene Health (formerly emocha Health) and adherence monitoring will be performed using a novel electronic adherence monitor developed to meet the unique needs of the target population. Adolescent and young adult patients as well as caregivers of younger patients (<11 years of age) will be recruited. In addition to visit incentives, all participants will be offered a smartphone with a data plan to ensure all participants have equal opportunity to complete study activities. The primary objectives of this pilot, multi-center, randomized controlled trial (RCT) are to assess retention and sustained engagement and to explore needs and preferences for longer-term adherence monitoring and interventions. This RCT is registered with the National Institutes of Health (NCT06264700). Findings will inform a future efficacy RCT applying VDOT to hydroxyurea to address adherence gaps and improve outcomes within this vulnerable population.

Specialty Care Referral for Underrepresented Minorities Living with HIV in the United States: Experiences, Barriers, and Facilitators.

The increased incidence of chronic diseases among people with HIV (PWH) is poised to increase the need for specialty care outside of HIV treatment settings. To reduce outcome disparities for HIV-associated comorbidities in the United States, it is critical to optimize access to and the quality of specialty care for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (URM) individuals with HIV. We explored the experiences of URM individuals with HIV and other comorbidities in the specialty care setting during their initial and follow-up appointments. We conducted qualitative interviews with participants at three large academic medical centers in the United States with comprehensive health care delivery systems between November 2019 and March 2020. The data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis. A total of 27 URM individuals with HIV were interviewed. The majority were Black or African American and were referred to cardiology specialty care. Most of the participants had positive experiences in the specialty care setting. Facilitators of the referral process included their motivation to stay healthy, referral assistance from HIV providers, access to reliable transportation, and proximity to the specialty care health center. Few participants faced individual, interpersonal, and structural barriers, including the perception of individual and facility stigma toward PWH, a lack of transportation, and a lack of rapport with providers. Future case studies are needed for those URM individuals with HIV who face barriers and negative experiences. Interventions that involve PWH and health care providers in specialty care settings with a focus on individual- and structural-level stigma can support the optimal use of specialty care.

Demographic Diversity and Economic Research: Fields of Specialization and Research on Race, Ethnicity, and Inequality

Using dissertation research topics found in the EconLit database and large-scale algorithmic methods that identify author demographics based on names, we explore the link between race and ethnicity and fields of economic research. We find that underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (URM) researchers are more likely to write dissertations in some unexpected subfields of economics but limited evidence that they are more likely to write dissertations on racial topics once we include basic controls. These descriptive results may be due to limitations in the data, intrinsic motivations, or external constraints.

Time to Degree, Identity, and Grant Writing: Lessons Learned From a Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Case Study of Biosciences PhD Students

Time to degree completion is an important metric of academic progress and success for doctoral students. It is also a common way for educational stakeholders to compare programs even if the content of the degree programs varies. But what types of behaviors and experiences are associated with faster times to degree? In this study, we examine the relationship between receiving competitive research awards (e.g., grant writing) and time to degree for PhD students. We organize our analyses by student identities, specifically gender and underrepresented racial minority (URM) status, to examine differences in time to degree based on student demographics. Our dataset included students that graduated between academic years 2008 to 2009 through 2018 to 2019. We also interviewed students currently enrolled in these same programs. We find that underrepresented minority women who won competitive research awards graduate faster than all other students who also won awards but also report lower levels of advisor support. Underrepresented minority women and all underrepresented minority students who won research awards tended to graduate faster compared to other groups of students who did not win awards. Students who reported feeling supported by their advisors, most of which reflected hands-on guidance through the writing process, in the interviews were more likely to apply for grants. Combined, these results highlight that writing grants and specific types of advisor support may influence faster times to degree for biosciences PhD students. This study suggests similar introspective analyses at other institutions and databases are needed.

Abdominal Transplant Surgeons: The Lack of Female Surgeons and People From Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Academic and Clinical Leadership.

The demographic disparities among surgeons in academic leadership positions is well documented. We aimed to characterize the present demographic details of abdominal transplant surgeons who have achieved academic and clinical leadership positions. We reviewed the 2022-2023 American Society of Transplant Surgeons membership registry to identify 1007 active abdominal transplant surgeons. Demographic details (academic and clinical titles) were collected and analyzed using the chi-square test, the Fisher exact test, and t tests. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted. Female surgeons (P < .001) and surgeons from racial-ethnic minorities (P = .027) were more likely to be assistants or associates rather than full professors. White male surgeons were more likely to be full professors than were White female (P < .001), Asian female (P = .008), and Asian male surgeons (P = .005). There were no Black female surgeons who were full professors. The frequency of full professorship increased with surgeon age (P < .001). Male surgeons were more likely to hold no academic titles (P < .001). Female surgeons were less likely to be chief of transplant(P = .025), chief of livertransplant (P = .001), chief of pancreas transplant (P = .037), or chair of surgery (P = .087, significance at 10%). Chief of kidney transplant was the most common clinical position held by a surgeon from a racial or ethnic minority group. Female surgeons were more likely to hold no clinical titles (P = .001). The underrepresentation of women and people from racial and ethnic minority groups in academic and clinical leadership positions in the field of abdominal transplant surgery remains evident. White male physicians are more likely to obtain full professorship, and they comprise most of the clinical leadership positions overall. A continued push for representative leadership is needed.

Abstract P387: Research Participation Rates and Characteristics in Underrepresented Groups in a West Virginia-Based Pregnancy Cohort Study

Introduction: Individuals living in rural areas, identifying as underrepresented racial minorities, and with low socioeconomic status tend to be poorly represented in research. Each underrepresented group experiences unique barriers that may prevent them from participating in research. Objectives and Hypothesis: This study aimed to test the hypotheses that 1) in a West Virginia-based pregnancy cohort study, individuals identifying as rural, an underrepresented racial minority, or receiving Medicaid/Medicare (as a surrogate for socioeconomic status) would have lower participation rates than typically better represented populations; and 2) that people from each underrepresented group would have different characteristics associated with screening for and consenting to participate in the pregnancy cohort study. Methods: Potentially eligible participants were sent recruitment messages via MyChart, a patient facing app linked to their electronic medical record. Upon receiving the message, participants could express their interest to participate in the study by filling out an eligibility screening form and, eventually, consent to participate at a study visit. Screening and consenting rates were calculated, stratified by rurality (i.e., urban, micropolitan rural, small town rural), race (i.e., white, underrepresented racial minority), and insurance status (i.e., Medicaid/Medicare, private). Logistic regression was used to test which characteristics were associated with screening for and participating in the study in each group. Results: Between October 2022 - April 2023, 1024 potential participants were sent recruitment messages. Screening rates (7.3% urban, 7.6% micropolitan rural, 8.8% small town rural; 7.3% White, 10.1% underrepresented racial minorities; 7.9% private insurance, 7.1% Medicaid/Medicare) and consenting rates (2.5% urban, 2.1% micropolitan rural, 4.6% small town rural; 2.8% White, 1.4% underrepresented racial minorities; 3.6% private insurance, 1.9% Medicaid/Medicare) were similar between different underrepresented groups and their better represented counterparts. For small town rural participants, preterm births (OR 6.85 [2.04 - 33.7]) and number of children (OR .24 [.05 - .71]) were associated with participating in the study. Those who identified as an underrepresented racial minority were more likely to screen for the study if they had private health insurance (OR 16.81 [1.53 - 500]). People with Medicaid/Medicare were more likely to participate in the study if they lived in a small town rural area (OR 7.71 [1.57 - 58.97]). Conclusion: Differences in characteristics associated with research participation suggest that researchers may need to tailor recruitment strategies to better consider characteristics of different underserved groups.

Genomic data in the All of Us Research Program

Comprehensively mapping the genetic basis of human disease across diverse individuals is a long-standing goal for the field of human genetics1–4. The All of Us Research Program is a longitudinal cohort study aiming to enrol a diverse group of at least one million individuals across the USA to accelerate biomedical research and improve human health5,6. Here we describe the programme’s genomics data release of 245,388 clinical-grade genome sequences. This resource is unique in its diversity as 77% of participants are from communities that are historically under-represented in biomedical research and 46% are individuals from under-represented racial and ethnic minorities. All of Us identified more than 1 billion genetic variants, including more than 275 million previously unreported genetic variants, more than 3.9 million of which had coding consequences. Leveraging linkage between genomic data and the longitudinal electronic health record, we evaluated 3,724 genetic variants associated with 117 diseases and found high replication rates across both participants of European ancestry and participants of African ancestry. Summary-level data are publicly available, and individual-level data can be accessed by researchers through the All of Us Researcher Workbench using a unique data passport model with a median time from initial researcher registration to data access of 29 hours. We anticipate that this diverse dataset will advance the promise of genomic medicine for all.

Review of the Disparities in Access to Pediatric Eye Care Among Low Socioeconomic Status and Underrepresented Racial Minority Groups Exacerbated by the Economic Downturn in Pediatric Ophthalmology.

To explore the association between race and socioeconomic status on health disparities in pediatric eye care, characterize the status of diversity within the pediatric ophthalmology workforce, and propose potential solutions to improve access to vision care, particularly for children from vulnerable populations. The major studies examining the socioeconomic and racial disparities in visual outcomes and the impact of diversity in the ophthalmology workforce were reviewed. Currently, the pediatric ophthalmology workforce has limited racial diversity, and increasing the number of underrepresented in medicine providers has potential to improve access to pediatric eye care, particularly for underserved populations. Mobile eye clinics, school-based vision programs, and health literacy initiatives may engage communities to bring eye care directly to children and enhance follow-up. Families with lower socioeconomic status may represent a vulnerable population facing significant access to pediatric eye care barriers, particularly for asymptomatic pediatric eye conditions. Emphasis on strategies that directly engage communities and bring free vision care to families should be given to improve disparities in visual health outcomes. Ophthalmologists and pediatric ophthalmologists should be aware of the current racial underrepresentation within the pediatric ophthalmology workforce, and the importance of workforce diversity in accelerating physician-patient concordance and access to eye care. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2024;61(3):172-178.].

Realmind: A Prospective and Retrospective Study to Characterize Real-World Use of Tafasitamab Plus Lenalidomide in US Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, with a Focus on Patients from Minority Groups

Background The combination of the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody tafasitamab and the immune modulatory drug lenalidomide (LEN) has been commercially available in the US for adult patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) not otherwise specified, including DLBCL arising from low-grade lymphoma, and who are ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) since August 05, 2020. It was granted accelerated FDA approval and EU conditional marketing authorization after the primary analysis of Phase II L-MIND study (NCT02399085) demonstrated safety and efficacy in this setting. To complement clinical data, it is important to assess real-world safety and effectiveness given the heterogeneity of routine clinical care. Furthermore, focusing on patients from racial and ethnic minorities, who may face challenges in receiving optimal access to care, may help to identify and address inequities. realMIND is an observational study of the real-world safety and effectiveness of tafasitamab + LEN for the treatment of R/R DLBCL among patients in the US by race and ethnicity. Using prospective and, where necessary, retrospective data collection, this non-interventional study will also provide a deeper understanding of treatment patterns of US patients with R/R DLBCL treated with tafasitamab, and its use in a real-world setting in terms of treatment duration, dose modifications, and post-tafasitamab + LEN combination partners and monotherapy use. Methods realMIND (NCT04981795) is a multicenter, observational, prospective and retrospective Phase IV trial-in-progress study targeting ≥100 US patients with R/R DLBCL treated with tafasitamab + LEN. To ensure diversity, Group 1 will enroll patients from racial and ethnic minorities (n≥50), while Group 2 will comprise non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients (n≥50) (Figure 1). Eligible patients are ≥18 years old with histologically confirmed R/R DLBCL, ≥1 prior line of treatment, and have initiated or will be initiating tafasitamab treatment (except in the context of an interventional study). Prospective data collection began at study sites in September 2021, and retrospective data (from study sites or vendor databases) may include patients with a tafasitamab start date (index date) from August 05, 2020, onwards. The primary endpoints include safety and effectiveness outcomes (Table 1). Serious adverse events (SAEs) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) will be reported. Effectiveness will be assessed in terms of tumor response rates and time-to-event endpoints, while secondary endpoints include treatment line and dose information (Table 1). Patient data for this observational study will be collected by prospective follow-up of patients included at study sites, or by retrospective collection of data from patient records, at study sites or from vendor databases. Prospective and retrospective data will be analyzed separately, as well as pooled. No formal sample size calculation was performed due to the descriptive nature of the study and no hypothesis testing is planned. Study status The in-progress non-interventional realMIND study is expected to end by approximately December 2025, or earlier, when: ≥50 patients treated with tafasitamab + LEN have been recruited into each of Group 1 and Group 2 with either prospective or retrospective data collection; and all prospectively-followed patients have ≥6 months follow-up after starting tafasitamab treatment, or have discontinued from the study for any reason, whichever occurs earlier. The results are anticipated to describe the real-world safety and effectiveness of tafasitamab for R/R DLBCL in US patients, with a focus on underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities, to help optimize outcomes of treatment and identify opportunities for further studies.

Improving persistence of underrepresented racial minority science majors: where to begin

Many colleges and universities are interested in implementing effective strategies to support broaden participation and persistence of undergraduates, and especially underrepresented students, in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors. While there are programs and models that have proven successful in this arena, many of these models are extremely resource intensive. This Perspective provides a distillation of key aspects of successful programs that institutions could consider implementing as a starting point when thinking about how to design programs to support students in STEM.

Promoting diversity in neurosurgery through a virtual symposium.

The rates of women and underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (UREM) students successfully matching into neurosurgical residency are extremely low and do not reflect the makeup of the general population. As of 2019, only 17.5% of neurosurgical residents in the United States were women, 4.95% were Black or African American, and 7.2% were Hispanic or Latinx. Earlier recruitment of UREM students will help to diversify the neurosurgical workforce. Therefore, the authors developed a virtual educational event for undergraduate students entitled "Future Leaders in Neurosurgery Symposium for Underrepresented Students'' (FLNSUS). The primary objectives of the FLNSUS were to expose attendees to 1) neurosurgeons from diverse gender, racial, and ethnic backgrounds; 2) neurosurgical research; 3) opportunities for neurosurgical mentorship; and 4) information about life as a neurosurgeon. The authors hypothesized that the FLNSUS would increase student self-confidence, provide exposure to the specialty, and reduce perceived barriers to a neurosurgical career. To measure the change in participant perceptions of neurosurgery, pre- and postsymposium surveys were administered to attendees. Of the 269 participants who completed the presymposium survey, 250 participated in the virtual event and 124 completed the postsymposium survey. Paired pre- and postsurvey responses were used for analysis, yielding a response rate of 46%. To assess the impact of participant perceptions of neurosurgery as a field, pre- and postsurvey responses to questions were compared. The change in response was analyzed, and a nonparametric sign test was performed to check for significant differences. According to the sign test, applicants showed increased familiarity with the field (p < 0.001), increased confidence in their abilities to become neurosurgeons (p = 0.014), and increased exposure to neurosurgeons from diverse gender, racial, and ethnic backgrounds (p < 0.001 for all categories). These results reflect a significant improvement in student perceptions of neurosurgery and suggest that symposiums like the FLNSUS may promote further diversification of the field. The authors anticipate that events promoting diversity in neurosurgery will lead to a more equitable workforce that will ultimately translate to enhanced research productivity, cultural humility, and patient-centered care in neurosurgery.

Inclusion of Middle Eastern and North African populations in diabetes clinical research

The need for diverse representation in clinical trials has recently been reinforced by the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) guidance for industry entitled, “Diversity Plans to Improve Enrollment of Participants from Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Populations in Clinical Trials.” By ensuring inclusion of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority populations in clinical trials, results can be more generalizable and the safety and efficacy can be accurately assessed within the diverse U.S. population. Limitations exist in the interpretation and implementation of clinical trial results reported using the current racial and ethnic categories, as these standards do not reflect the true diversity of the U.S. population. This is particularly true for the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) population, which is usually overlooked given the lack of an established category. Although the international MENA region demonstrates the highest prevalence of diabetes in the world at 12.2%, the actual prevalence among MENA individuals living in the U.S. may be “hidden” within the White category. Therefore, data on the MENA population should be disaggregated from data within the White category to not only unmask health disparities, but also to ensure adequate representation in clinical trials. This paper discusses the importance of appropriate representation and inclusion of the MENA population in diabetes clinical trials, which is a critical public health issue domestically and globally.

Survey of clinical informatics fellows graduating 2016-2024: experiences before and during fellowship.

To describe experiences and activities of Clinical Informatics (CI) fellows since the first fellowships were accredited in 2014. We performed a voluntary and anonymous survey of 394 alumni and current clinical informatics fellows from the graduating classes of 2016-2024 in the summer of 2022. We received 198 responses; 2% declined to participate. Most were male (62%), White (39%), 31-40 years old (72%), from primary care specialties (54%) and nonprocedural specialties (95%), and without prior informatics experience or any careers before medicine. Most fellows (87-94%) participated significantly in operations, research, coursework, quality improvement, and clinical care activities during fellowship. Women, underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities, and procedural physicians were underrepresented. Many incoming CI fellows did not have an informatics background. During CI fellowship, trainees earned Master's degrees and certificates, were exposed to many different types of CI activities, and were able to spend most of their time pursuing projects that supported their personal career goals. These findings represent the most comprehensive report to date of CI fellows and alumni. Physicians without prior informatics experience who are interested in CI should be encouraged to apply because CI fellowship provides a strong foundation of informatics knowledge while supporting fellows' personal career goals. There remains a lack of women and underrepresented minorities in CI fellowship programs; efforts to expand the pipeline are needed.

Under-Representation of Racial Minorities and Under-Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Studies Used to Inform 2014 Atopic Dermatitis Clinical Guidelines: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Dermatitis®Ahead of Print LetterUnder-Representation of Racial Minorities and Under-Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Studies Used to Inform 2014 Atopic Dermatitis Clinical Guidelines: A Cross-Sectional AnalysisKatie Roster, Lillian Xie, Farhha Fatima Feroz, and Shari R. LipnerKatie Rosterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-9498New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA.Search for more papers by this author, Lillian XieNew York Medical College, New York, NY, USA.Search for more papers by this author, Farhha Fatima FerozNew York Medical College, New York, NY, USA.Search for more papers by this author, and Shari R. LipnerDepartment of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Search for more papers by this authorEmail the corresponding author at shl9032@med.cornell.eduPublished Online:22 Jun 2023https://doi.org/10.1089/derm.2023.0025AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 0Issue 0 Information© 2023 American Contact Dermatitis Society. All Rights Reserved.To cite this article:Katie Roster, Lillian Xie, Farhha Fatima Feroz, and Shari R. Lipner.Under-Representation of Racial Minorities and Under-Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Studies Used to Inform 2014 Atopic Dermatitis Clinical Guidelines: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Dermatitis®.ahead of printhttp://doi.org/10.1089/derm.2023.0025Online Ahead of Print:June 22, 2023PDF download

Factors Related to College Major Selection in Communication Sciences and Disorders: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Purpose:The growing number of racial and ethnic minorities in the United States is not reflected in the speech-language pathology profession, with ramifications for the diverse communities it serves. Despite decades of initiatives, the numbers of racial and ethnic minorities entering the profession have been modest. The aim of this pilot study is to explore potential factors that influence decision making for a college major that could inform strategies for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (URM) recruitment into communication sciences and disorders (CSD) programs.Method:The theory of planned behavior was used as a framework to explore the influences on students' selection of college majors with a particular focus on speech-language pathology. Students enrolled and not enrolled in CSD programs were surveyed about their attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective normative pressure (e.g., perceptions of race and ethnic representation, familiarity with speech-language pathology, and family education).Results:There were significant differences between CSD and non-CSD respondents, and between URM and White respondents in their perception of representation and exposure to the profession. The majority of URM students reported that race and ethnic representation is important in their chosen job. URM students were less likely than White students to know anyone who has received speech-language therapy or who is a speech-language pathologist.Conclusion:Findings suggest that initiatives to increase representation and diverse role models, and early exposure to the profession for URM students should be areas of focus in the efforts to diversify the profession.