Underprivileged Women Research Articles

Prevalence and Predictors of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases among women in an Urbanized Village of India.

Background:The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors among the underprivileged women of the urban areas are expected to increase. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of these risk factors.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 370 women between 25 and 64 years in an urbanized village of India. Risk factors for NCDs were assessed using the WHO STEPS instrument. To determine the sociodemographic predictors of these risk factors binary logistic regression was used.Results:The prevalence of tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, overweight, and obesity was found to be 18.3%, 61.6%, 96.5%, 27.6%, and 5.9%, respectively. Raised blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol were found to be present in 23%, 22%, and 42%, respectively. Older age was found to be a significant predictor of tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, raised blood pressure, and raised blood glucose.Conclusion:The current study reported a high prevalence of physical inactivity and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, with age being a significant predictor of the majority of risk factors. Thus, arises the need for programs and policies tailored toward addressing the local needs, targeted toward older women.

An Exploratory Study on Recent Inclusive Approach under MGNREGSforUnderprivileged Women, Tribal Community & Smallholders Becoming Self-reliant (Atmanirbhar) in Jharkhand State in India.

MGNREGA enacted in 2005 as a social safety net based on right based framework to provide unskilled wages and employment to the needy households has gradually incorporated innovative schemes for creation of long-term durable assets to enhance the livelihoods of the participating households and making them self-reliant. This paper attempts to explore the impact of Horticulture initiative on small holders, underprivileged women & tribal households, which was initiated by Government of Jharkhand in 2016. The secondary data was accessed from the official website of MGNREGA for further analysis. A questionnaire-based interview of sampled beneficiaries of Horticulture Scheme from two Districts of South Chhotanagpur division of Jharkhand was administered for primary information. Case studies have been incorporated for creating support evidence for the study. The study reveals that the Horticulture Scheme under MGNREGA, “Birsa Munda Baagwani Yojana” (BMBY) has significant impact on the life of unskilled workers who became the beneficiaries of this scheme. Inclusion of scheduled tribe and schedule caste to this scheme is significant. It has accommodated the marginal landholding households to be the beneficiaries. Provision of associated training and support from NGOs, CBOs and administration have increased the coverage and inclusion of the marginal section and also ensured the technical assistance to most of the beneficiaries.

A Study on Youth TAEKWONDO Revitalization Plana

Purpose: The growing number of youth Taekwondo practitioners gives them the opportunity to live a mentally and physically healthy life by learning not only the techniques of Taekwondo, but also the theory and the mind. The goal of this study is to look into ways to expand and revitalize the youth Taekwondo training population, as well as to provide basic data. Method: The electronic literature platform search was used for the research method and data collection method used to achieve the purpose of this study. After reconfirming the title and summary of each literature, the literature judged to be highly relevant to this study was finally chosen, and its validity as data was verified using triangulation with a peer expert group. Results: To revitalize youth Taekwondo, a year must be set aside to actively and extensively promote inter-esting and fun Taekwondo for youth, educate leaders about current youth popular culture, develop instructional methods, and hold Taekwondo competitions. Various competitions are held in accordance with the sports policy, including group exhibitions for underprivileged youth and women s group competitions, so it should be reviewed on a long-term basis in accordance with the understanding of sociality and the flow of popular culture. ‘Forgery’ is the conduct of fabricating non-existing data or research outcome and recording or reporting them as true and existing. Conclusion: It is critical to continue to focus on the vitalization of youth Taekwondo, and understanding and accepting youth popular culture will aid in revitalizing youth Taekwondo. It is interpreted as a problem of ac-ceptance and convergence, and it is thought that efforts should be made to support it, develop a Taekwondo training program, and nurture professional leaders, according to the flow of popular culture.

Persepsi Ibu-Ibu Nasabah Terhadap Program Pembiayaan Paket Masa Depan Bank BTPN Syariah (Mobile Marketing Syariah) X Koto Tanah Datar

This study aims to determine the perceptions of women customer of the Bank BTPN Syariah MMS (Mobile Marketing Syariah) X Koto Tanah Datar Future Package financing program. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data collection techniques: Observation, Interview and Documentation, Data Analysis: Miles Huberman. Bank BTPN Syariah unit MMS (Mobile Marketing Syariah) X Koto presents a future package financing program based on sharia principles which focuses its activities on providing business capital financing and aims to prosper underprivileged women in rural areas, especially (mothers) in X Koto Tanah Datar. The results showed that the implementation of the future package financing program for Bank BTPN Syariah MMS X Koto was not in accordance with sharia principles, the installment payment system was not affordable and the margin / profit received by the Bank was very high at 30% to 43%. This has resulted in poor perceptions from customer mothers of future package financing programs.

Initiative for self-control of blood sugar-diabetes in pregnancy

Our aim was to empower underprivileged women to self-control their blood glucose during pregnancy so that optimum blood glucose values and its monitoring can be achieved as outpatient care. A dedicated clinic was established for women with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), that was focused on diabetes education and training of women. It was conducted by a team of a nutritionist, a trained midwife and residents. The challenges of unaffordability and language barrier were addressed. DIP clinic helped us cut down the cost of inpatient care. Awareness about DIP and its consequences on the baby motivated women to comply with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). The women attained ownership and the feeling of fulfilment by taking charge of their blood glucose control for the benefit of their babies. This was a practical, cost-effective and successful health practice initiative of attaining glycemic targets in a lower middle-income population.

Food intake and eating patterns of underprivileged women in a metropolitan city

Background: India faces the burden of dual-malnutrition due to several influences affecting the dietary-pattern. These causes include economic and social factors. Many migrants come to metropolitan cities in search of livelihood. This study aimed to study the dietary intake of 100 low-socioeconomic women in Mumbai.Methods: These participants were migrants from various states. They lived in slums and worked to supplement family income. A detailed food-frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary-recall were obtained from them.Results: All participants consumed white rice, junk-food and oil. Ninety-five subjects consumed potato, milk and sugar. Areca nut was regularly consumed 33 women. According to the Indian recommended dietary allowances (RDA, 2020), none of the subjects met their energy and protein needs. However, their average fat intake exceeded the recommendation. Older women (33-40 years) had significantly higher intake of calories and fat, compared to younger women (25-32 years) (p=0.03). Fat intake was positively correlated to the abdominal obesity (p=0.04). These women had a low fruit, vegetable, protein and overall caloric intake but a high fat, junk-foods, areca nut and sugar intake.Conclusions: Poor economic conditions and affordability may cause inappropriate dietary-patterns resulting in dual malnutrition which can put these women at a high-risk for metabolic diseases.

The Economic Impact of Murabahah Financing On PT. PNM Mekar Syariah In Increasing The Welfare Of Pre-Prospered Women

The main problem that the authors study in this study is how the economic impact of murabahah financing on PT. The general objective to be achieved in this research is to find out how the economic impact of murabahah financing on PT. This research is a qualitative field research. This research is descriptive and emphasizes the analysis side. Process and meaning are highlighted in qualitative research on the theoretical basis that is used as a guide to focus on research in accordance with the facts on the ground. The data collection method in this study is by observation and interviews. The results of the study found that in general present PT. PNM Mekar Syariah in Banuhampu District and unsecured murabahah financing distributed by PT. PNM Mekar Syariah has a positive but not significant impact on improving the welfare of underprivileged women in Banuhampu sub-district from an economic perspective.

Education and screening for obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (including gestational diabetes) “at the doorstep” of women from nine underprivileged urban areas in Delhi National Capital Region

Background and aimsWomen in underprivileged urban areas have poor access to health and education, making them vulnerable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), specifically diabetes. The current project has sought to focus on this group, to educate and screen this population to prevent and manage obesity and diabetes. MethodsThe project was conducted in 9 underprivileged areas of Delhi NCR using a mobile van unit. Women from these areas were invited for health education (this included talks, lectures and distribution of Information, Education & Communication material), screening {anthropometric, blood glucose and blood pressure (BP) measurements} diet counselling sessions and referral of subjects with uncontrolled blood glucose. ResultsBaseline survey on knowledge of diabetes and nutrition showed low awareness. Health education sessions (n, 46) included face-to-face discussion and problem solving and distribution of simple pictorial leaflets (n, 3000). The health education sessions were well accepted. In total, 4% women (n,3175/91000- total population, 3056 non-pregnant, 119 pregnant) participated in the research trial. Among non-pregnant women, an average weight gain of 11.8 kg between the ages of 20–40 years was observed. The average BMI and waist circumference (WC) was 26.8 ± 5.3 kg/m2 and 91.1 ± 13.2 cm, respectively in non-pregnant women. Further, 75.3.0% (2207/2928) and 96.7% (2875/2971) of the non-pregnant women had overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, respectively. In the non-pregnant women, 21.7% had known diabetes. Further, 7.4% non-pregnant women and 2.5% pregnant women were identified as having hyperglycaemic state. Hypertension was observed in 11.9% pregnant women and 49.9% of non-pregnant women. ConclusionExtremely high prevalence of obesity, along with diabetes and hypertension in underprivileged urban women requires intensive individualised and group health education, screening, and counselling “at the doorsteps”, as has been shown in our model.

The Empowerment For Women's Economic With Productive Financing at Bank BTPN Syariah

The aim of this study is to find out the financing patterns provided by bank BTPN Syariah to special customers of pre-poor women in improving their micro-businesses. And to find out the increase in the growth of financing channeled by bank BTPN Syariah. The type of research in this paper uses literature research, taking data that has been presented from available sources. Then the author processes from the existing data sources. Sources of research data in research that are relevant to the theme and formulation of the problem presented. This research is qualitative descriptive. The results of this study indicate that the development of financing at bank BTPN syariah experienced growth in the period June 2017 to June 2018 which grew by 18.128 percent. Bank BTPN syariah provides special microfinance for underprivileged women who have a business, this financing program is called the Future Package (PMD). The financing special for women, customers are not charged with collateral, customers always receive entrepreneurial guidance on a regular basis, customers have the opportunity to save at Bank BTPN Syariah, and customers can take advantage of mobile phone technolgy facilities with Wow IB bank BTPN Syariah program. The results of this study indicate that the bank BTPN Syariah has carried out a financing program specifically provided for pre-prosperous women, in a plan to fix their family's economy. Pre-prosperous women's special financing at Bank BTPN Syariah has been enjoyed by its customers. With Islamic financing, customers can obtain business capital from one million to four million to develop their business. Pre-prosperous women's special financing is a financing product that is only owned by Bank BTPN Syariah. Even financing products at Bank BTPN are devoted to PMD productive financing and do not serve consumptive financing. So the funds of depositors can be channeled directly to productive economic activities.

The Empowerment For Women's Economic With Productive Financing at Bank BTPN Syariah

The aim of this study is to find out the financing patterns provided by bank BTPN Syariah to special customers of pre-poor women in improving their micro-businesses. And to find out the increase in the growth of financing channeled by bank BTPN Syariah. The type of research in this paper uses literature research, taking data that has been presented from available sources. Then the author processes from the existing data sources. Sources of research data in research that are relevant to the theme and formulation of the problem presented. This research is qualitative descriptive. The results of this study indicate that the development of financing at bank BTPN syariah experienced growth in the period June 2017 to June 2018 which grew by 18.128 percent. Bank BTPN syariah provides special microfinance for underprivileged women who have a business, this financing program is called the Future Package (PMD). The financing special for women, customers are not charged with collateral, customers always receive entrepreneurial guidance on a regular basis, customers have the opportunity to save at Bank BTPN Syariah, and customers can take advantage of mobile phone technolgy facilities with Wow IB bank BTPN Syariah program. The results of this study indicate that the bank BTPN Syariah has carried out a financing program specifically provided for pre-prosperous women, in a plan to fix their family's economy. Pre-prosperous women's special financing at Bank BTPN Syariah has been enjoyed by its customers. With Islamic financing, customers can obtain business capital from one million to four million to develop their business. Pre-prosperous women's special financing is a financing product that is only owned by Bank BTPN Syariah. Even financing products at Bank BTPN are devoted to PMD productive financing and do not serve consumptive financing. So the funds of depositors can be channeled directly to productive economic activities.

Comparison of cervical cancer screening by self-sampling papillomavirus test versus pap-smear in underprivileged women in France

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare cervical cancer screening by pap smear (PS) versus preliminary HPV testing based on self-collected samples (SC-HPV).MethodsInterventional study among underprivileged women from 25 to 65 years old in four French cities. The control group (CG) was referred for a PS. The experimental group (EG) conducted a SC-HPV test followed by a PS in case of positivity. Differences on screening completion and cytological abnormalities were analysed by logistic and Cox regression.Results383 women were assigned to the EG and 304 to the CG. The screening completion proportion was 39.5% in the CG compared to 71.3% in the EG (HR = 2.48 (CI 95% [1.99–3.08]; p < 0.001). The proportion of cytological abnormalities was 2.0% in the CG and 2.3% in the EG (OR = 1.20 (CI 95% [0.42–3.40]; p = 0.7). The proportion of participants lost to follow-up was 60.5% in the CG and 63.2% in the EG HPV positive (p = 0.18).ConclusionProviding an SC-HPV-test increased the participation of underprivileged women in CCS. Nevertheless, the significant number of lost to follow-up in both groups can undermine the initial benefits of the strategy for HPV positive women.Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03118258.

Constraints faced by the underprivileged women in acquiring various health and nutritional practices

India is the seventh largest country in the world, yet its women still have to experience some of the worst living situation on the globe. Women are the most affected and have been on leave for a long time. The word “Underprivileged” refers to a “group of persons deprived of a number of fundamental rights”. Underprivileged women are discriminated against not only by the upper caste individuals but also within their own communities. Underprivileged women’s issues and problems vary from those of other Indian women. Owing to illiteracy, poor environmental sanitation and inadequate awareness, the health and nutritional status of Underprivileged women is worse than others, rendering them more vulnerable to health problems. The present study is related to the constraints faced by them in acquiring various health and nutritional practices.

Role of different communication aids on the development of underprivileged women for various health and nutritional practices

There is no doubt that communication aid plays a vital role in human life and human society. It helps an individual to communicate more effectively with the people around them. It not only helps to facilitate the process of sharing of information with others but also helps people to enhance their knowledge. Therefore, the importance of communication cannot be underestimated. This study was performed at the village of Masinadih in Samastipur district of Bihar state. The word “Underprivileged” refers to a “group of persons deprived of a number of fundamental rights”. They are categorized under the Dalit and Mahadalit groups from the economic status and caste perspective. As per the need of the study, it was imperative to develop various communication aids on the selected messages related to health and nutritional practices.

Leadership and Women Representation Riddle in Ghana

This paper interrogates the efficacy of women in authority and how it impacts the lives of underprivileged women in society. The hypothesis suggests that women in authority better represent the interest of vulnerable women and children if given opportunity at the decision-making levels in a country’s body politic. Feminist groups who champion this supposition argue, that the story of women has long been told by men and hence, there is the need for women to tell their own story. But how have women in leadership demonstrated their capacity to issues that reflect the interest of women? Using primary and secondary data, the authors analyzed the extent to which the interest of women has been represented by the women who have increasingly held very influential political and administrative positions in Ghana. The paper conceptualized the interest of women minimally to include alleged sexual demands as a quid pro quo for employment or positions, accusation of witchcraft, maternity leave with pay and inheritance. The findings suggest that, women in leadership have demonstrated a great zeal for women’s emancipation. However, there is more room for improvement to convince the ordinary Ghanaian woman that women in authority adequately represent the interest of all women especially the poor and vulnerable in society. The authors recommend a united front among women in academia, CSOs and the media to mount ‘pressure’ on women occupying influential positions to prioritize resolving politico-socio-economic challenges that confront vulnerable women in the Ghanaian society.

Underprivileged Women Impacted by Ethnic Violence: Deconstructing Lives.

Though the city of Karachi in Pakistan is a nucleus of ethnic violence, only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the predicament of underprivileged women during ongoing conflicts. There has been negligible focus on how the women are coping in the post violence milieu. Voices of disadvantaged women remain unheard in patriarchal societies, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries. The objective of this qualitative study is to provide voice to underprivileged women impacted by ethnic violence and to comprehend post violence conditions under which they are surviving. This research accentuates the relevance of studying gender dimension of violence (GDV) from women’s perspectives. Findings from five focus group interviews with 24 participants highlight the harrowing tales of poverty, despair, physical and psychological distress with which the women are coping. Individual, semi structured interviews were conducted with two female workers from local Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to examine measures for rehabilitation of the women. Data from NGO workers underscores the inertia of government in this respect and recommendations include endeavors of governmental and non-governmental organizations to provide healthcare, education and vocational training to the impacted women.

Rural market, role of women and poverty elimination

It is a bare fact that poverty is a threatening problem in the developing and underdeveloped countries. India sees women as the one who can do everything maybe even help eradicate poverty. The ongoing Project Shakti of Hindusthan Unilever Limited bears testimony to it as by empowering women changes are sought in livelihoods and development. The aim of the paper is to highlight how a market can be created with even underprivileged women here in north east where Project Shakti or e-choupal has not yet been applied. The creation of such ventures will lead to empowered women and welfare of consumers as well. Apart from secondary sources the paper has been written with the help of information collected from focus group interviews. However, to avail the objectives it is very important to create awareness amidst rural women about prevailing schemes and projects. The reachable goals if they are to be reached by the rural people it is the qualified people who will need to come out and show ways that will justify that only women empowerment will help in decreasing and ultimately deleting poverty and usher in development.

COVID-19 Lockdown &amp;amp; Technology Engagement: New Evidence from a Large-Scale m-Health Intervention in India

Information provision for social welfare via cheap technological media is now a widely available tool used by policy makers. Often, however, an ample supply of information does not translate into high consumption for information due to various frictions in demand, possibly stemming from pecuniary and non-pecuniary cost of engagement, along with institutional factors. We test this hypothesis in the Indian context using a unique dataset comprising two million call records of enrolled users of NGO ARMMAN that sends timely informational calls to mobile phones of underprivileged pregnant women. The strict lockdown induced by COVID-19 in India was an unexpected shock on the opportunity cost of engagement with m-Health technology, both in terms of reductions of market wages and increased time availability at home. Using a difference-in-differences design on unique calls tracked at user-time level with fine-grained time-stamps on calls, we find that during the lockdown period, the call durations increased by 1.53 percentage points. However, technology engagement behavior exhibited demographic heterogeneity increasing relatively after the lockdown for women who had to borrow the phones vis-à-vis phone-owners, for those enrolled by direct outreach programs vis-à-vis self-registered women, and for those who belonged to the low-income group vis-à-vis high-income group. Our results have policy relevance around demand-side frictions for technology engagement in developing economies and gender implications herein.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Food Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Study in Portuguese Adults

Background: Food is a major determinant of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Because of this, social inequalities in food consumption will likely produce social inequalities in disease and life expectancy. Objectives: This study analyses the social inequalities in food consumption in Portugal and whether they differ between men and women and between younger and older people. Methods: Following a cross-sectional observational study, we analyzed data from 11,085 individuals aged 25–64 years who participated in the 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between socioeconomic conditions, i.e., education and income, and food consumption. The analysis was then stratified by sex and age. Results: A positive gradient for income and education was observed in the consumption of fish, cakes, natural juices, and dairy products. The consumption of legumes and soft drinks was inversely related to income and education. A socioeconomic gradient for fruits and vegetables was observed only among women and older people. Worse-off people consumed less soup, and underprivileged women consumed fewer fast-food products. Conclusion: The food consumption patterns of Portuguese adults are related to their socioeconomic condition, with few variations across demographic categories.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and 10 Year Risk of Cardiovascular Events among Women over the Age of 40 Years in an Urban Underprivileged Area of Bangalore City.

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death among Indian women but not a focus of current strategies to improve women's health.Objectives:To assess 10-year CVD risk and estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors among underprivileged women.Methods:A cross-sectional study among women aged 40–79 years in an urban underprivileged area of Bangalore city, using nonlaboratory-based World Health Organization and the International Society of Hypertension risk prediction chart and INTERHEART list of CVD risk factors. Blood pressure, random blood sugar, height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. The Chi-square test was done for the association between CVD risk status and risk factors. Multiple logistic regression performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs).Results:Of 1027 women, 11% women had high risk of CVD (≥20% risk of fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular event within next 10 years). The prevalence of CVD risk factors was high with 20.2% diabetes, 53.7% hypertension, 77% overweight/obesity, and 92% central obesity. Majority were physically inactive with unhealthy diet, lacking daily fruits and vegetables, excess consumption of salty food, junk food, red meat, and excess oil. Significantly higher CVD risk found among women who were sedentary during leisure time (P = 0.028), single/separated/widowed women (OR = 1.84 [1.26–4.29] P = 0.002), and women who did not walk or cycle as a regular means of transport (OR = 1.47 [1.98–2.19] P = 0.041).Conclusion:High risk of CVD among underprivileged women reveals an urgent need for community-based interventions for prevention of CVD. Screening and management of diabetes and hypertension must include weight reduction and health education strategies. Policy-makers need to initiate efforts toward improving affordability of healthy diets for the urban underprivileged.

Micro Finance, Women Empowerment, Livelihood Initiatives and Problems Faced - A Study W.R.T. Bengaluru Urban

This paper examines the effect of urban microfinance on occupation and problems encountered by microfinance actions. The survey through a questionnaire is made on a total of 100 sample respondents locating in the outskirts and slum areas of Bengaluru urban. It is been found that urban microfinance has a statistically trivial positive impact on some income or expenditure variables. Urban microfinance is becoming popular since the urban poor like rural poor also wanted to gain the benefits of microfinance activities. Self Help Groups (SHGs) are deemed to be the most important tools in participation of approach for the socio-economic development of women. Several previous studies have been proved that SHs programmes fall under the type of schemes and savings of micro credit. It has been successful in shifting the life of underprivileged women through enhancement of income and self esteem (Rigin, 2014). It is been observed that there is been a greater association between the attributes under study.