Urban Underground Research Articles

Introduction to the JEEG Special Issue on Geophysics for Urban Underground Space Studies

Introduction to the JEEG Special Issue on Geophysics for Urban Underground Space Studies

Risk Assessment of PPP Model Based on Fault Tree Model for Urban Underground Utility Tunnel

The application of PPP mode in urban underground utility tunnel project has been vigorously promoted and popularized in China. However, the degree of project promotion varies greatly in different regions, and the enthusiasm of social capital to participate in projects varies. In essence, the impact of project risks cannot be ignored. Using the fault tree model to analyze the factors that affect the risk of PPP mode in the urban underground utility tunnel project, and obtains five factors which have great influence on the risk of the project, such as the demand for corridor entrance, revenue, financial capacity, imperfect legal system, land expropriation and historical legacy. Considering the different economic development strengths of different regions, the adaptability of PPP projects is different. Through the empirical analysis of improving the correlation degree, the conclusion is drawn that the application of PPP model in underground comprehensive pipeline corridor is more suitable for developed areas.

An Intensified Conception of Underground Urbanization in Baku

In 1935, Frank Lloyd Wright proposed a more definitely decentralized city. In his parable regarding the Wanderer then the Cave Dweller the Disappearing City, the below would stand except walls, a city respecting the Wanderer, where activity had delivered freedom. (Fishman 1977). A beginning because panorama expansionism besides annihilating legacies or adversely affecting the floor condition. Under-ground preparations be able assist improve a number of on the issues so much urban advancements face: visitors clog; ecological issues; absence of (green) space. Underground space has continuously changed into a vital originate area because of thickly wrought urban regions. It performs improve the civic circumstance by alleviating measure beyond the surface, grant extra area to in private section water and human, the launch transit enhancing atmosphere quality, leaving logically inexperienced areas in the downtown area unstained then diminishing divisions via a higher meeting on limits and profitable use regarding the room. There is a prerequisite because the inexorably intentional strategy in imitation of managing the structure then exam over the characteristic concerning underground spaces, and an unequaled behavior about aside spaces may remain gotten. Key views to that amount should affect underground area arrangements include transparency yet closest incorporating; superintend yet how much way finding; spatial degrees; advice with the backyard world; ordinary then improper lighting; substances yet tints; hullabaloo level; yet atmosphere quality. Executing the preparations about the Underground house Concept intention guarantee reconcile me or the harmony on the civic security, the prosperity of condition yet economies on the aside cosmopolitan went for the production about a facilitated relation zone.

A Study on a Matching Algorithm for Urban Underground Pipelines

Urban underground pipelines are known as “urban blood vessels”. To detect changes in integrated pipelines and professional pipelines, the matching of same-name spatial objects is critical. Existing algorithms used for vector network matching were analyzed to develop an improved matching algorithm that can adapt to underground pipeline networks. Our algorithm improves the holistic matching of pipeline strokes, and also a partial matching algorithm is provided. In this study, appropriate geometric measures were selected to calculate the geometric similarity between pipeline strokes in their holistic matching. Existing methods for evaluating similarities in spatial scene structures in partial underground pipeline networks were improved. A method of partial matching of strokes was additionally investigated, and it compensates for the deficiencies of holistic stroke matching. Experiments showed that the matching performance was good, and the operation efficiency was high.

Influence of geology and hydrogeology on heat rejection from residential basements in urban areas

Urbanization and limited land availability have resulted in the increased utilization of underground structures including residential basements in largely populated cities such as London, with an average addition of 200 basements per year in some boroughs. Residential basements kept at a comfortable temperature level throughout the year significantly contribute to heat fluxes in the subsurface as well as an increase in ground temperature. Understanding the ground thermal status is crucial in managing the significant geothermal energy potential in urban areas as well as the sustainable development of the urban underground, and in maintaining the energy efficiency of underground structures. In this proof-of-concept study, a 3D finite element approach accounting for coupled heat transfer and groundwater flow in the ground was used to investigate the influence of ground conditions on the heat rejection rate from basements. A detailed analysis was made of ground, above ground and underground built environment characteristics. This study demonstrates that the amount of heat from basements rejected to the ground constitutes a significant percentage of the total heat loss from buildings, particularly in the presence of groundwater flow. The extent of thermal disturbance in the ground varies depending on the ground characteristics. The volume of thermally disturbance ground inversely correlates with the groundwater flow rate in ground mainly consisting of highly permeable material. However, a direct correlation exists when the thickness of permeable soil layer decreases. A larger horizontal to vertical ratio of ground thermal disturbance is observed when the thickness of permeable soil layer increases.

Supervision Strategy of PPP Project in Urban Underground Integrated Pipe Gallery

The choice of government and social capital partner cooperation strategy in PPP mode has an important impact on the operation of the whole project, and the change of strategy of either party will be affected or influence the choice of the other party’s strategy. Therefore, the construction of the urban underground integrated pipe gallery PPP project is a process of a dynamic game between the government and social capital. It is impossible to use a single regulatory strategy throughout the life cycle of the project. This paper takes government supervision as the starting point, based on the evolutionary game theory, constructs the evolutionary game model according to the characteristics of the urban underground integrated pipe gallery PPP project, and mainly analyzes the equilibrium stability of the evolutionary game, which provides strong support for the improvement of the PPP project supervision strategy for urban underground integrated pipe gallery.

A Comparative Study on the Preferences of Residents and Tourists in Urban Underground Street Planning

In urban planning and design, more and more scholars tend to adopt modern sociological research methods to study public opinions and suggestions on urban planning and design. Underground street is an important urban recreation resource. Visitor preference has a very important reference value for measuring the planning effect of underground street because there is no direct interest relationship between visitors and underground street developers or planners. Visitor preference can become a standard to test planner's works, especially for unsuccessful developed underground street. In the current underground street research, no literature has been found to study the visitor preferences. Therefore, this paper takes Diyi Underground Street, an unsuccessful underground street in Chengdu City, China, as an example, adopts the method of questionnaire survey and designs a special scale to investigate two groups of underground street visitors: residents and tourists. It intends to compare and analyze tourists and residents’ preferences by using SPSS software, and to explore the key points of underground street planning and transformation in the future. The research divides the questionnaire items into six dimensions: environment, decoration, commercial form, public facilities, traffic and other. The results show that there are not only similarities but also significant differences between residents and tourists in the above six dimensions. Similarity concentrates on the issues of common concern of the two groups, while difference reflects their different recreational needs. Therefore, the planning and design of underground streets in the future should first meet the common needs of residents and tourists, and then, according to the market positioning of underground streets and facing the differences in the number of groups, planning and transformation of key projects should be carried out selectively.

Application Research of GPR in Quality Detection of Urban Underground Jacked Pipes Construction

Nowadays, pipe jacking method is usually adopted in the construction of urban underground pipelines. In order to ensure the construction quality of pipe jacking method, geophysical non-destructive prospecting methods are used for detecting the compactness around the jacked pipes. Based on the theory of ground penetrating radar (GPR), the void models of jacked pipes with two different materials (i.e. cement pipe and steel pipe) were established, and the finite element method was used to simulate the 2D forward modeling of GPR. At the same time, combined with the urban underground jacked pipes construction project in Xiangtan city, Hunan province, China, GPR was used to carry out field prospection of the quality of jacked pipes construction. The results of forward simulation and practical applications show that good results can be obtained when GPR is used to detect the construction quality of cement pipes, which is the same as that of using GPR to detect the construction quality of tunnel. But the collected signals are not effective when the steel pipes are detected, which is because the radar signal cannot penetrate the steel pipe, and there are multiple reflections between the radar antenna and the pipe wall. Therefore, new non-destructive prospecting methods are needed for void detection of steel jacked pipes.

Application Research on Construction Management of Urban Underground Utility Tunnel Based on BIM

The urban underground utility tunnel is a new mode of municipal engineering planning and construction. By summarizing the problems existing in the construction of municipal tunnel in China, we discussed the application of BIM technology in the construction of municipal tunnel. In addition, we analyzed the advantages of BIM software in the construction of municipal tunnel by using its functions of collaborative design, comprehensive design of pipelines, construction schedule and process simulation. The results showed that the application of BIM technology in the construction of municipal tunnel would improve the construction quality and project management level, and maximize the benefits in the construction stage, which would also provide ideas and technical support for the utility tunnel project planning.

Design and Implementation of 3D Urban Underground Pipe Network System

For the sophisticated spatial relationships of the urban underground pipeline networks, 3D visualization technology has become widely used for management and maintenance purposes of these types of underground utilities. With the increasing number of pipeline incidents, there is an urgent need for effective solutions for improving the management of urban underground pipe networks. In this paper, through a thorough analysis of the pipeline network management, a 3D urban underground pipe network system (3D UUPNS) was designed and implemented by using SuperMap.Net. The 3D models of the pipeline network and ground buildings are rendered by using SuperMap RealSpace Library, with 3D models of ground buildings being cached into OSGB format. Some analysis functions such as excavation analysis and section analysis, have been developed to support the management and operations of underground pipelines.

Establishing a Risk Assessment Scenario for Fire Prevention and Safety Management in Underground Urban Utility Tunnels

Establishing a Risk Assessment Scenario for Fire Prevention and Safety Management in Underground Urban Utility Tunnels

Analysis on the Ownership of Urban Underground Utility Tunnel

The utility tunnel contains important infrastructure such as electricity, communication and heating, which is related to the vital interests of the people. The utility tunnel construction can effectively solve the problem of “road zipper”, make good use of underground space resources and improve the city's comprehensive management capabilities. Based on the observation of theory and practice, the problem of ownership of urban Underground utility tunnel is a prominent problem affecting its development. There is a lot of controversy over ownership issues, and most SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) company want to enjoy it, which is good for bank financing. However, The utility tunnel has special characteristics, and the government enjoys the ownership can better protect the public interest. In most cases of the PPP project, it is based on such considerations that the ownership of the assets belongs to the state. For the better development of underground utility tunnel, it is urgent now that we need to improve the legal system of underground space and set standards for transfer of ownership. In order to facilitate the financing of SPV company, we should improve the the pledge of accounts receivable and the path of asset securitization, instead of relying solely on the traditional real estate mortgage to realize the function of guarantee.

基于模糊层次分析法的城市地下综合管廊风险评估

基于模糊层次分析法的城市地下综合管廊风险评估

Design of Underground Integrated Corridor Monitoring System in Yude Road, Liupanshui City

At present, there is limited experience in the construction of environmental monitoring system for urban underground integrated corridors. In order to meet the needs of corridor environment risk management, a comprehensive road condition management system of Liupanshui Yude road was designed. The system hardware system which combines the system workstation with the data transmission module is established, and a software system platform based on environmental monitoring, compression coding, encapsulation and wireless module is designed. A real-time monitoring system for environmental risk sources is established, which integrates environmental monitoring data, and provides a reference for the design of engineering environment and equipment monitoring system.

Development Value and Future Trend of Urban Underground Street

Underground street refers to a street built under a busy business district or a crowding center in a city, providing underground sidewalks for urban residents, opening shops and arranging various service facilities on both sides. Starting with the definition of urban underground street, this paper analyses the origin, classification, composition, development value and future trend of underground street, and holds that reasonable proportion should be maintained in the area of each component of underground street. The main development value of underground street lies in saving land and alleviating traffic pressure. 3D, urban complex, humanistic design and tourist attractions are future development trends of urban underground Street.

Design of Monitoring System of Urban Underground Inte- grated Pipe Gallery

For medieval Europe, spices have always been of great significance, so the spice trade has become the object of competition for various countries in Western Europe. With the improvement of navigation technology, countries obsessed with spices have opened up the way to explore the origin of spices and monopolize the spices trade. Among them, the most typical country is the Netherlands. From the perspective of the spice trade, this paper discusses how the beneficiary of the spice trade, the Netherlands, has become a generation of marine hegemons by transferring spice to monopolizing the spice trade.

Geohazard Caused by Groundwater in Urban Underground Excavation

This paper addresses the important role of water in geohazard and failure in urban underground excavation. These so-called underground water-related hazards, such as leakage of the tunnel eye due to launching and docking of the shield, failure of the cross-passage excavation, and failure of the retaining wall caused by water ingress for deep excavation, often lead to catastrophic disasters. Leakage of the tunnel eye during shield launching that results in failure was selected for further analysis using finite element simulations. According to this work, the flush-in of water mainly leads to the failure of soils located at the invert of the tunnel immediately behind the wall, and gravity is the cause of such failure phenomena; these findings agree with field observations. A significant reduction in the pore pressure of soils behind the wall associated with water relief through the tunnel eye and the quantity of water flow into the excavation is predicted. Piping failure is also suggested to occur during shield launching under the current arrangements. Finally, according to parametric studies, reducing the soil permeability and increasing the cohesion force are recommended to prevent the opportunity for failure.

L’ambivalence de l’imaginaire du souterrain urbain

Les espaces souterrains suscitent des angoisses et des peurs qui sont liées à un imaginaire largement défavorable. Notre contribution vise à esquisser les grands points cardinaux de l’imaginaire de la profondeur souterraine en s’appuyant sur l’anthropologie française de l’imaginaire (Gaston Bachelard, Gilbert Durand). Celle-ci établit que l’imaginaire nourrit une relation émotionnelle et affective à l’espace, qui est structurante de l’expérience d’un monde. Les qualités de l’espace souterrain prennent dans l’imaginaire un caractère ambivalent. À partir d’une bibliographie littéraire des grands récits qui condensent les différentes composantes de l’ima­ginaire du souterrain en des ensembles d’images cohérents, nous établissons cinq points cardinaux de l’imaginaire du souterrain qui en forment les topiques. La première, la profondeur, est la plus prégnante et a donné lieu à de nombreux récits, notamment ceux consacrés aux enfers, dont l’imaginaire reste omniprésent aujourd’hui. Les autres qualités sont la clôture de l’espace, l’absence de repères, l’espace en creux, et l’espace dessous par rapport à un dessus. L’imaginaire du souterrain largement marqué par l’angoisse laisse aussi place au repos le plus profond, à la quête initiatique et l’envie de se dépasser, au plaisir de l’exploration et à la subversion créatrice. Cette ambivalence qui fait la richesse de notre expérience nous permet de nourrir des pistes pour l’aménagement des espaces souterrains urbains actuels. Celles-ci visent à ce que les espaces souterrains puissent être intégrés dans l’expérience d’un monde.

Application of Bayesian Approach to Dynamic Assessment of Flood in Urban Underground Spaces

Urban underground facilities tend to be vulnerable to flood that is generated by the breaking of a dam or a levee, or a flash flood after an exceptional rainfall. Rapid and dynamic assessment of underground flood evolution process is of great significance for safety evacuation and disaster reduction. Taking advantage of the Delphi method to determine the Bayesian conditional probabilities collected by expert knowledge, this paper proposes an integrated Bayesian Network (BN) framework for rapidly and dynamically assessing the flood evolution process and consequences in underground spaces. The proposed BN framework, including seventeen nodes, can represent the flood disaster drivers, flood disaster bearers, flood mitigation actions, and on-site feedback information. Given evidences to specific nodes, the risk distribution of typical flood scenarios can be quantitatively estimated. The results indicate that the proposed framework can be useful for dynamically evaluating underground flood evolution process and identifying the critical influencing factors. This BN-based framework is helpful for “Scenario-Response”-based predictive analyses to support decision that is related to flood disaster emergency response.

Sustainability through Underground Urbanization

Urbanization in past few decades has grabbed a huge amount of our agricultural land leading towards various climatic problems as well as endangering our sustainability. Thereby, utilizing the underground earth space instead of using land mass and its resources will transform the lifestyle and will sustain our livelihood. Civilizing and urbanizing underground ecologically enables our sustainability and will contribute to protect the natural resources for future. The better utilization of land and sustainable use of earth space will play a vital role to protect our natural resources and maintaining our sustainability. As various research and study shows our planet can sustain up to 11 billion population and we are currently 7.6 billion right now, which is considered to reach deadline till the end of this century. Therefore, utilizing underground earth space will provide enough space for building sector and agriculture sector and will serve the purpose in both ways. Thus, it is quite important to clear the way for sustainable pattern of underground civilization.