Underground Cable Systems Research Articles

An Economic Study of an Electrical Distributing Station

This paper outlines some of the physical reasons and economic advantages influencing the establishment of Washington Park Distributing Station of the Commonwealth Edison Company of Chicago. This station is located at the electrical center of the load which it supplies. It receives energy at 66 kv. from an outlying generating station, State Line Station. The voltage is reduced at the distributing station and fed to a number of substations at 12 kv. The past practise of this company has been to feed the substations at 12 kv. directly from generating stations. However, a study indicated several reasons for discarding the practise in this case. The main physical reasons were the congested condition in the underground cable system surrounding Calumet Generating Station and the distance from Calumet Station to its dependent substations. The economic advantages consisted primarily of the decrease in transmission line costs due to the location of the distributing station at the center of the zone load and the savings resulting from the use of 66-kv. instead of 12-kv. for the primary transmission system.

An economic study of an electrical: Distributing station

This paper outlines some of the physical reasons and economic advantages influencing the establishment of Washington Park Distributing Station of the Commonwealth Edison Company of Chicago. This station is located at the electrical center of the load which it supplies. It receives energy at 66 kv. from an outlying generating station, State Line Station. The voltage is reduced at the distributing station and fed to a number of substations at 12 kv. The past practise of this company has been to feed the substations at 12 kv. directly from generating stations. However, a study indicated several reasons for discarding the practise in this case. The main physical reasons were the congested condition in the underground cable system surrounding Calumet Generating Station and the distance from Calumet Station to its dependent substations. The economic advantages consisted primarily of the decrease in transmission line costs due to the location of the distributing station at the center of the zone load and the savings resulting from the use of 66-kv. instead of 12-kv. for the primary transmission system.

Applications and limitations of thermocouples for measuring temperatures

E. D. Tanzer: Not so long ago, a thermocouple was solely a physicists instrument. At the present time, however, it has a wide field of application among the operating companies. At least, we of the Philadelphia Electric Company, during the past three years have used it extensively in field determinations of the operating temperatures of cable duct lines, cable sheaths and transformer manholes, as well as in research problems pertaining to the operation of an extensive underground cable system.

General Considerations in Grounding the Neutral of Power Systems

In the early days of power transmission, there was no consistent practise in respect to operating with neutral isolated or with neutral grounded. The rapid growth of transmission systems with their extensive networks soon began to show disastrous results from arcing grounds on isolated neutral systems and now most power transmissson networks have their neutrals grounded in some manner. The discussion of general considerations of neutral grounding is divided into two parts, that of overhead line systems and underground cable systems. He brings out the fact that while most overhead systems are grounded there is some difference in practise as to the extent to which they are grounded, that is as to whether they are grounded solidly or through resistance. Prevailing practise tends toward little or no resistance. Attention is called to different possible methods of grounding a system and shows by diagrams the flow of short-circuit current with the different methods. Underground cable systems are consistently operated with neutral grounded but general practice tends toward the use of resistance in neutral. General consideration as to protection from the voltage strains due to arcing grounds on cable systems are similar to overhead line systems and the author analyzes briefly the character of cable breakdowns and general effect of such breakdowns with a view to determining the importance of the extent to which a cable system should be grounded.

Philadelphia-Pittsburgh section of the New York-Chicago cable

Engineering and construction features involved in a complete telephone cable system over 300 miles in length and connecting Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pa. are described in the following paper. This cable is designed to operate as an extension of the Boston-Washington underground cable system with which it connects at Philadelphia. It is also designed for operation in connection with the Pittsburgh-Chicago cable now under construction, and other cable projects included in a comprehensive fundamental plan. Beginning with the fundamental factor of public requirements for communication service between cities separated by various distances, there are next considered the methods available to provide this service. Small-gage, quadded, aerial cable, which was decided upon for use in this section after careful economic studies, is described in a general way and the important advantages of the application of loading and telephone repeaters are outlined. The use, in connection with this cable, of the recently developed metallic telegraph system for cables is referred to and some facts are given regarding power plants, test boards and buildings. A few of the many possible combinations of cable and equipment facilities into complete telephone circuits, which will furnish the service required as economically as now possible, are illustrated. The necessity of complete coordination of the many factors involved in a project of this kind is emphasized.

Philadelphia-Pittsburgh Section of the New York-Chicago Cable1

Engineering and construction features involved in a complete telephone cable system over 300 miles in length and connecting Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pa., are described in the following paper. This cable is designed to operate as an extension of the Boston-Washington underground cable system with which it connects at Philadelphia. It is also designed for operation in connection with the Pittsburgh-Chicago cable now under construction, and other cable projects included in a comprehensive fundamental plan. Beginning with the fundamental factor of public requirements for communication service between cities separated by various distances, there are next considered the methods available to provide this service. Smallgage, quadded, aerial cable, which was decided upon for use in this section after careful economic studies, is described in a general way and the important advantages of the application of loading and telephone repeaters are outlined. The use, in connection with this cable, of the recently developed metallic telegraph system for cables is referred to and some facts are given regarding power plants, test boards and buildings. A few of the many possible combinations of cable and equipment facilities into complete telephone circuits, which will furnish the service required as economically as now possible, are illustrated. The necessity of complete coordination of the many factors involved in a project of this kind is emphasized.

Philadelphia-Pittsburgh Section of The New York-Chicago Cable

Engineering and construction features involved in a complete telephone cable system over 300 miles in length and connecting Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pa. are described in the following paper. This cable is designed to operate as an extension of the Boston-Washington underground cable system with which it connects at Philadelphia. It is also designed for operation in connection with the Pittsburgh-Chicago cable now under construction, and other cable projects included in a comprehensive fundamental plan. Beginning with the fundamental factor of public requirements for communication service between cities separated by various distances, there are next considered the methods available to provide this service. Small-gage, quadded, aerial cable, which was decided upon for use in this section after careful economic studies, is described in a general way and the important advantages of the application of loading and telephone repeaters are outlined. The use, in connection with this cable, of the recently developed metallic telegraph system for cables is referred to and some facts are given regarding power plants, test boards and buildings. A few of the many possible combinations of cable and equipment facilities into complet telephone circuits, which will furnish the service required as economically as now possible, are illustrated. The necessity of complete coordination of the many factors involved in a project of this kind is emphasized.

Notes on underground conduits and cables

The consideration of an underground conduit and cable system involves many points of interest besides that of the physical construction of the duct line, manholes, etc. The point of prime importance and interest is the load or current which may be safely carried through a duct, and this is intimately related to nearly every feature of construction of the duct system and of the cables.

Notes on Underground Conduits and Cables

The consideration of an underground conduit and cable system involves many points of interest besides that of the physical construction of the duct line, manholes, etc. The point of prime importance and interest is the load or current which may be safely carried through a duct, and this is intimately related to nearly every feature of construction of the duct system and of the cables.