Undergraduate Students In Indonesia Research Articles

FOSTERING GREEN ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS IN SHAPING STUDENT ENTREPRENEURIAL ASPIRATIONS

This research empirically investigates the relationship between the entrepreneurial learning environment and green entrepreneurial intentions among undergraduate students in Indonesia. Through a cross-sectional survey involving 470 respondents from diverse academic backgrounds, the study reveals significant correlations between the physical and mental dimensions of the entrepreneurial learning environment and students' intentions toward green entrepreneurship. These dimensions encompass infrastructure, resources, and support systems, as well as attitudes, values, and perceptions cultivated within the learning environment. The findings underscore the pivotal role of fostering an educational atmosphere that nurtures innovation, creativity, and sustainability in shaping students' entrepreneurial aspirations, particularly toward green entrepreneurship. Furthermore, actionable recommendations are provided for university management, including integrating individuals with practical entrepreneurial experience into teaching, adapting entrepreneurship curriculum to incorporate principles of environmental sustainability, and empowering students through mentorship and practical experiences. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by highlighting the crucial role of the entrepreneurial learning environment in cultivating environmentally conscious entrepreneurs, not only in Indonesia but also in broader global contexts.

Pronunciation learning attitudes: The case of EFL undergraduate students in Indonesia

A pronunciation-learning attitude is essential to help students improve their pronunciation proficiency. It is problematic when students do not care about learning proper pronunciation in the process of teaching and learning. Several studies have investigated EFL students’ perceptions toward attitudes of pronunciation learning. However, little research focused on the role of gender on students’ attitudes in this context. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate students’ attitudes toward English pronunciation learning related to gender. An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach, integrating questionnaires of Gardner 1985’s Attitude Motivation of Test Battery (AMTB) and Elliot 1995’s Pronunciation Attitude Inventory (PAI) and interviews, was employed in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to analyse quantitative data gathered from 151 students. For qualitative data, the semi-structured interview transcripts of eighteen participants were analysed using thematic analysis. The questionnaires reveal that the students had positive pronunciation learning attitudes, and no significant differences were found between females and males. Moreover, based on the results of the interviews, the students believed that proper pronunciation learning is important to make the message understood. Reflecting on the study results, it is hoped that English lecturers select more practical pronunciation teaching media that can make students more involved in the teaching and learning process and contribute to English pedagogy about the importance of improving learners’ positive attitude in pronunciation learning.

The Effect of Perceived Relative Advantage and E-Commerce Knowledge on The Behavior of Doing Online Business Among Undergraduate Students in Indonesia

Online business endeavors have already become popular due to technological advancements. Many young people engage in online business due to its flexible nature and their technological proficiency. This study investigates the influencing elements in decision-making among young individuals engaging in online business. The results of the study serve as a valuable reference for understanding the crucial factors that drive online business activities among the younger generation. This quantitative study utilizes distributed surveys via Google Forms with 102 respondents. It used the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) data analysis technique. The results indicate that Perceived Relative Advantage (PRA) significantly influences E-commerce Knowledge (KNOW), which in turn positively influences Actual Action in Doing Online Business (ACTION). Additionally, E-commerce Knowledge (KNOW) mediates the relationship between Perceived Relative Advantage (PRA) and Actual Action in Doing Online Business (ACTION).

Exploratory factor analysis-instrument for self-assessment of computation thinking skills and collaboration skills

This study focuses on developing and validating instruments to assess the computational thinking skills (CTS) and collaboration skills (CS) of undergraduate students in Indonesia. Employing a quantitative research approach with the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) technique, the research process unfolded in three validation steps. First, face validity was established through expert judgment. Second, discriminant validity was examined using product-moment correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. Finally, EFA were employed to assess the factorial structure. The instrument development process followed five phases: drafting the instrument, face validity assessment by experts, data collection involving 242 undergraduate students as samples, discriminant validity analysis (product moment and Cronbach’s alpha), and EFA analysis to group items and construct dimensions. This study identified six dimensions for CTS (algorithmic thinking, cooperative thinking, problem reformulation, creativity, critical thinking, and systematic testing) and three dimensions for CS (knowledge sharing, planning, and responsibility). These findings support validating the CTS and CS self-assessment scale, making it a valuable tool for evaluating undergraduate student learning and researching computational thinking and CS in Indonesia. Researchers and educators are encouraged to utilize the CTS and CS instrument for self-assessment purposes and further exploration of these competencies among undergraduate students.

Supportive Families and Self-Compassion: Keys to Alleviating Academic Stress in Thesis-Engaged Undergraduate Students in Indonesia

Academic stress arises from academic demands that exceed an individual's adaptive capabilities. The family is one of the elements causing academic stress. Families are essential in reducing the possibility of academic stress. This study delves into the mediation role of self-compassion within the interplay of family support and academic stress among undergraduates working on their thesis in the Faculty of Engineering and Science at a Banyumas, Indonesia university. By examining whether self-compassion acts as a conduit through which family support impacts academic stress, the research uncovers the intricate psychological dynamics shaping how students respond to academic demands. Employing a rigorous sampling method, the study involved 181 participants and utilized established measurement scales. The analysis, conducted via bootstrapping procedures, elucidated the dual influence of family support on academic stress—both directly and indirectly through self-compassion. These findings contribute to understanding academic stress experiences, suggesting interventions to bolster well-being and stress management strategies. The study's outcomes underscore the significance of familial support in reducing academic stress while highlighting self-compassion's protective mechanism. The study advocates for the implementation of interventions promoting self-compassion and fostering supportive family environments, offering valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers to enhance student mental health and academic success.

Factors contributing to online learning satisfaction during Covid-19 pandemic in higher education in Indonesia

To prevent the transmission of COVID-19, the learning process that used to be face-to-face meetings has turned into online learning. In the online learning context, students’ satisfaction is one of the crucial aspects. However, limited research has looked at the factors contributing to students’ satisfaction in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study investigated the determinants of online learning satisfaction among undergraduate students in Indonesia during the pandemic COVID-19. A total of 267 students aged 17-28 years old (M=20.07, SD=1.40) were participated in this study through accidental sampling technique. This study applied a quantitative approach with six instruments: online learning satisfaction, online learning readiness, academic stress, learner-content interaction, learner-learner interaction, and learner-instructor interaction. Multiple regression analysis showed that only online learning readiness and learner-content interaction were contributed significantly to online learning satisfaction (R2 = .36, F (2,262) = 36.80, p .001). Furthermore, learner-content interaction had a more considerable contribution (b=1.41, p.001) to online learning satisfaction than online learning readiness (b=.15, p=.03). The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

Emotion Regulation Difficulties as a Mediator in Islamic Religious Coping for Problematic Internet Use

Secondary problems as a result of internet use are becoming common at young age. Research related to factors that influence internet problems continues to be carried out to develop internet problem strategies such as Islamic religious coping and emotion regulation difficulties. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Islamic religious coping on problematic internet use (PIU) with emotion regulation difficulties as a mediating variable. This study used a quantitative approach with 304 Muslim undergraduate students in Indonesia as respondents. The measuring instruments used were Iranian Religious Coping (IRCOPE), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 (DERS-18), and Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS 2), which had been adapted into the Indonesian language. The results of the path analysis technique showed an effect of Islamic religious coping on emotion regulation difficulties and problematic internet use. However, there was no effect of Islamic religious coping on problematic internet use. This indicates that emotion regulation difficulties can fully mediate the correlation between Islamic religious coping and problematic internet use.

The Contribution of Indonesian International Student Mobility Awards (IISMA) on the Development of Employability Skills of Undergraduate Students in Indonesia

Indonesia has the second highest youth unemployment rate among all ten ASEAN countries according to The World Bank Data in 2021, with 12% of the total unemployment rate dominated by bachelor graduates. One of the reasons behind youth unemployment in Indonesia is the mismatch between the skills possessed by university students and the labor market skills demand, referred to as the "skill gap." Experts believe that such a high number of youth unemployment is often linked to the failure of educational institutions to develop graduates with employability skills. Moreover, the skills gap is also associated with globalization in the 21st century, followed by new government regulations that ease hiring foreign workers in Indonesia. In this era, Indonesian graduates have to compete with employees from foreign countries, thus making international and multicultural knowledge desired by companies. To tackle these challenges posed by globalization and the quality of education, many higher education and government institutions are implementing one of the most prominent forms of internalization, international student mobility programs, hoping to prepare bachelor graduates to be more competitive internationally. In 2021, the Indonesian government displayed its effort to prepare Indonesian graduates to possess valuable workplace skills in the 21st century through funded international student mobility, namely IISMA (Indonesian International Student Mobility Awards). However, despite the enormous efforts of implementing the program, there are still many contra-arguments from higher education institutions and Indonesian society regarding the contribution of IISMA in developing the employability skills of undergraduate students. This study is aimed to identify the contribution of IISMA di developing the employability skills of undergraduate students in Indonesia and to see whether it has a difference with the development of employability skills in regular Indonesian undergraduate programs. This study used a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with the interviewees from Universitas Indonesia, Institut Teknologi Bandung, and Universitas Gadjah Mada, who completed an IISMA program in 2021 and 2022. The study discovered that most employability skills desired by companies are mainly developed during the IISMA program compared to an undergraduate program in Indonesia.

Effect of Tacit Knowledge on Student Self-Determination in Indonesia: A Mixed-Methods Study

This study was initiated in response to the condition of students’ low self-determination, which results in an inability to complete tasks well, a low achievement index, and even congestion and dropout. The research employed a mixed methodology with a concurrent embedded design and a selection without random assignment. The participants of this study were 406 undergraduate students in Indonesia, with 38 experimental and control participants, respectively. The self-determination instrument refers to the theory of Ryan and Deci, which was analyzed using the Rasch Model, and the effectiveness test used the Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed the impact of the identified regulation level that the focus of learning in higher education was successful in developing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects but still needs to reach the development of students’ self-determination dimension. The tacit knowledge model has advantages in the learning process that can be attached to all courses that can produce useful output products.

Research Methodology Course for Undergraduate Students in Indonesian Tertiary Education

Undergraduate students in Indonesia, including those pursuing bachelor's degrees and diploma programs that may last three or four years, must take a research methodology course. Despite their lack of desire to become researchers, they must complete a final project that necessitates research skills. Students who complete the Course in one semester learn how to write a proposal, collect data, analyze data, and perform other tasks that a professional researcher would typically perform. Some lecturers who teach research methodology course in various study programs were interviewed. The present research uncovers how research methodology courses were presented and implemented. A variety of implementations were found, but most of them apply the use of assignments as an alternative to the learning by doing approach. A different number of credit points were also found in different study programs, impacting the number of sessions the students must spend. The methodology course comes in different nomenclatures in different study programs. They share a common goal: to help students conduct a final assignment as a requirement to graduate from their educational institution. Some suggestions on how to improve the Course are also expressed.

Personal growth initiative as a predictor of psychological distress in college students during the covid-19 pandemic

This study aims to determine the role of personal growth initiatives (PGI) in psychological distress among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study hypothesizes that there is a role of PGI in psychological distress among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents in this study were 200 active undergraduate students in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The measuring instruments were the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the PGI scale. The results show that PGI had a significant role in psychological distress, with F(1.198) = 13.784, p= 0.000, R2 = 0.065, and R2 adjusted = 0.060. The regression coefficient (β = -0.175) indicated that an increase in PGI, on average, could decrease the psychological distress score by 0.175. Thus, the hypothesis proposed in this study can be accepted.

"I Am Aware, but Who Am I to Comment.": Critical Stance in Indonesian EFL Students' Academic Essay

The study examined the reporting verbs (RV) and tenses of RV in the academic essay of English-majored undergraduate students in Indonesia. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-method research design, the study first collected quantitative data in the form of frequency of RV using Hyland’s (2002) framework and tenses of RV using Thomas and Hawes’ (1997) framework. Qualitative data were then collected to explain the reasons behind the use of RV and the tenses of RV. The study found that discourse verbs are prevalent in the students’ essays, with 66,67% occurrence of total corpus, followed by research verbs, with 30,72% occurrence of the total corpus. Cognition verbs, however, were the least used, with 2,61% of the total corpus. The study also found that present tense (58,82%) and past tense (41,18%) were the most frequently used tenses in students’ RV. The interview revealed students’ reasons behind the frequent use of discourse and research verbs and the limited use of cognition verbs in their essays. Among which are their lack of engagement with literature and reticence to evaluate the author’s claims due to their inadequate cognitive competence and English proficiency. The study concludes that students’ use of discourse and research verbs reflects their relatively low criticality toward the cited materials.

Assessment of Mental Health and Quality of Life Status of Undergraduate Students in Indonesia during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic globally impacted physical, spiritual, and mental health (MH). The consequences significantly affected students’ quality of life (QoL) too. This cross-sectional study assessed MH status and its relationship to the QoL of college students in Indonesia. This study collected data (September 2021–April 2022) online using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) to measure MH and the world health organization quality-of-life scale (WHOQoL-BREF) to measure the QoL. The data were analysed using SPSS with a bivariate and multivariate linear regression test. A total of 606 respondents participated in this study, with the majority being women (81.0%), aged 21–27 years (44.3%), and unmarried (98.5%) respondents. We observed 24.4% (n = 148) moderate depression, 18.3% (n = 111) very severe anxiety, and 21.1% (n = 128) moderate stress status. The QoL measurement determined that a moderate QoL in the physical and environmental health domains (>70%) and poor QoL in the psychological health domain (58.3%) were found. Gender, age, family support, history of COVID-19 diagnosis, family with COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccination status, and physical symptoms are significantly associated with MH status and QoL (p-value < 0.05). This study demonstrated that COVID-19 was negatively related to college students’ MH and QoL. Targeted interventions may be needed to ameliorate both MH and QoL.

Psychometric Properties of the Indonesian Adaptation of the Entrepreneurial Mindset Scale

The study aims to verify the validity and reliability of the entrepreneurial mindset scale in the Indonesian context (i.e., the adapted EM scale). The respondents were 302 undergraduate students who have already enrolled in the entrepreneurship course. In order to achieve the aim of study, a scale development procedure was conducted, including item generation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Item generation was successful in generating the preliminary items of the entrepreneurial mindset scale, whereas exploratory factor analysis was also successful in purifying those preliminary items. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis was successful in verifying the convergent validity and the composite reliability of the adapted EM scale. The adapted EM scale was a parsimonious measurement model, and therefore it could be useful for measuring the entrepreneurial mindset of undergraduate students in Indonesia. Future studies are recommended to refine the adapted EM scale: (1) by verifying it among students from other universities, (2) by using two different samples, in which one sample is for exploratory factor analysis and the other one is for confirmatory factor analysis, and (3) by testing the measurement invariance across groups (e.g., gender, age, and origin of university).&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 7 October 2021 / Accepted: 3 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022

Perceived severity of COVID-19, social support, and pandemic-related stress associated with lifestyle changes among undergraduate students in Indonesia

Introduction: COVID-19 affects lifestyles, including those of undergraduate students who are one of the most vulnerable populations. This study aimed to describe changes in lifestyle-related behaviors and assess the correlation between the perceived risk of COVID-19, social support, perceived stress, and lifestyle changes among undergraduate students during the pandemic. Design and methods: A total of 547 students from 32 provinces in Indonesia completed online questionnaires comprising four measures: perceived risk of COVID-19, the Lifestyle-related Behavior Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Pandemic-related Perceived Stress Scale. Results: Undergraduate students who lived with their families had healthier lifestyles than students who lived alone ( p = 0.007). Furthermore, The Pearson’s correlation showed a significant correlation between lifestyle changes with perceived severity ( r = 0.107; p &lt; 0.05), social support ( r = 0.237; p &lt; 0.001and pandemic-related stress ( r = −0.304, p &lt; 0.001). Higher perceived severity of COVID-19 and social support were associated with a healthier lifestyle, whereas increased stress correlated with a less healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Psychological factors correlated with lifestyle changes of Indonesian undergraduate students during the pandemic. Therefore, psychological aspects should be more considered by relatives and institutions to ensure healthier lifestyles of students.

Indonesian adaptation of the Revised College Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire

The College Student Subjective Well-being Questionnaire Revised version (CSSWQ-R) was developed to assess university students' domain-specific well-being related to their academic lives. Previous research suggested that the validity and reliability of this scale should be tested in another cultural context. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric features and structure of the CSSWQ-R in Indonesia. Five hundred eighty-six undergraduate students in Indonesia were recruited as participants with an accidental sampling technique. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine which of four alternative construct structure models suited best, whether the correlated factor, single factor, 2 nd order, or bifactor model. The bifactor model was shown to be the best fit for explaining the structure of the CSSWQ-R Indonesian version, with the total score interpretation being the most meaningful. Further convergent and discriminant validity test was proven, and as expected, this scale related positively with academic resilience and academic achievement (GPA). This research contributes to stimulating research in an educational context concerned with higher education students' subjective well-being.

Validation of Iron-Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study on Female Undergraduate Students in Indonesia

The aim of this study is to develop and assess the validity of the Iron-Food Frequency Questionnaire (Iron-FFQ) in assessing the iron intake of reproductive age women. This cross-sectional study involved randomly selected female undergraduate students at Jantinangor, Sumedang district, West Java (n=94) as respondents. The validity test compared the iron intake using Iron-FFQ with the 3-Days Food Diary (FD). The iron contents of each food from both methods were obtained from Indonesian Food Composition Table (2017). Iron contents were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results showed significant correlation in iron content between Iron FFQ and the 3 Days FD with r=0.25 for the tubers, nuts, and vegetables group, and r=0.21 for milk and fish (p<0.05). While, statistically non-significant correlations were found for the rest of the food groups (cereal, meat, poultry, eggs, fruits, fats, sugar, syrup, confectionary, and spices) with r ranged from r=0.19 to r=0.01. The average assessment value using Iron-FFQ was lower than the 3-Days Food Diary, especially in the food and beverages group (-100%), sugar, syrup, and confectionary (-93.8%), and vegetables (-88.5%). In conclusion, Iron-FFQ can be declared valid for measuring iron intake from some food group such as starchy tubers, fish, shellfish and shrimp, nuts, vegetables, and milk as they have an acceptable correlation value.

Food Consumption Patterns of Male and Female Undergraduate Students in Indonesia During New Normal Implementation of Pandemic Covid-19 Era

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the description of Indonesian undergraduate students’ food consumption patterns during the COVID-19 period. METHODS: The design used was cross-sectional with random sampling technique. The correlation test was Chi-Square and analyzed using univariate. The respondents involved were 17–24 years old with 5924 persons; active undergraduate students. Questionnaires were distributed using Google form. RESULTS: The results indicated a relationship between gender and major, education level, social status, and funds source (p = 0.000). However, sex and residence did not correlate (p = 0.16). The same was revealed between gender with consumption patterns, carbohydrates, animal protein, vegetable protein, vegetables, fruit, snacks, water, and supplements. CONCLUSION: Overall, during the new normal period of pandemic COVID-19 era, student food consumption patterns could be categorized as healthier lifestyle changes. Thus, the undergraduate students are suggested to maintain a diverse and balanced diet to boost their immunity optimally.

A Proposal of Advanced Widgets Learning Topic for Interactive Application in Android Programming Learning Assistance System

Currently, Android is used in 70% of smartphones worldwide, which results in the rising importance of Android application programming. To improve its educations, we have developed Android Programming Learning Assistance System: APLAS, as a teaching aid for students to practice self-learning. Widgets take significant roles in Android programming for interactive applications using User Interface (UI). Students are required to master how to use them in implementing highly usable UI. In this paper, we propose the Advanced Widgets learning topic to execute an interactive application named Color game in APLAS. For evaluations, we assign the proposal to 40 undergraduate students in Indonesia, where 95% of them successfully solved it. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposal was confirmed

Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship Intentional Self-Regulation among Undergraduate Students

Prior studies have explored the correlation between students’ Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention, where several studies found a strong relationship between them, while others suggested moderate even weak correlation on it. This research aims to explore the mediating effect of Entrepreneurship Intentional Self-Regulation (EISR) on the relationship between Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) among undergraduate students in Indonesia. There is a need to explain this concept considering that the emergence of entrepreneurs is one of the government’s priorities in Indonesia. Data were collected from 299 undergraduate students on their final year of studies from eight universities which provide entrepreneurship education in Jakarta and Bandung. Hayes’s PROCESS Macro in SPSS was used to analyse the effect and showed that Entrepreneurship Intentional Self-Regulation (EISR) was fully mediated the relationship between Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention among undergraduate students in Indonesia.