Undergoing Dental Treatment Research Articles

Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy and Resilience-Based Play Therapy on Anxiety, Executive Functioning Behaviors, and Emotional Expression in 6 to 8-Year-Old Children Undergoing Dental Treatment

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy and resilience-based play therapy on anxiety, executive functioning behaviors, and emotional expression in children aged 6 to 8 years undergoing dental treatment. Methods: The current research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design, including a control group and a two-month follow-up period. All children aged 6 to 8 visiting specialty dental clinics in Isfahan during the first six months of 2021 constituted the research population. Forty-five children were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to three equal groups of fifteen. Data collection was carried out using the Revised Children's Anxiety Scale - Short Form (Ahlen et al., 2018), the Emotion Expression Questionnaire - Child Form (Penza-Clyve & Zeman, 2002), and the Executive Functioning Questionnaire (Gioia et al., 2000). Cognitive-behavioral play therapy sessions were conducted based on the protocol by Hall, Kaduson, and Schaefer (2002), and resilience-based play therapy sessions followed the protocol by Nikneshan et al. (2019), each lasting for eight weekly sessions of 60 minutes. However, the control group did not receive these interventions. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and mixed ANOVA with SPSS software, version 26. Findings: Results indicated that the mean scores of executive functioning behaviors and their dimensions significantly improved in the experimental groups at post-test compared to the control group, and these improvements remained stable at follow-up (p < 0.05). Moreover, therapeutic interventions (both cognitive-behavioral and resilience-based play therapy) significantly improved scores on anxiety and emotional expressiveness compared to the control group. Additionally, post hoc Bonferroni tests showed that cognitive-behavioral play therapy was more effective than resilience-based play therapy in reducing anxiety scores and increasing skills in emotional expression and executive functioning in children undergoing dental treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings further clarify the role of play therapy in children undergoing dental treatment and highlight the necessity of using therapeutic approaches derived from the cognitive-behavioral model to modulate symptoms in these children.

Antiemetics Commonly Prescribed in Children Undergoing Dental Treatment Under General Anaesthesia- A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are the most widely recognized unfavorable impact of pediatric anaesthesia and medical procedure Numerous antiemetic drugs are utilized for preventive treatment. They have different biochemical collaborations and inconveniences, yet there is still a weakness about which drugs are best with the least side effects. Aim: The aim of the current study is to find the antiemetics commonly prescribed in children undergoing dental procedures in general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was led in a private dental school, Chennai, India. Moral endorsement was obtained from the Institutional audit board before the beginning of the review. Information was gathered from DIAS (Dental Information Archiving Software) and the board framework records of the children under 18 years old who were treated under broad anaesthesia between September 2020 and February 2021 which was placed in the systemic way. A comfort test of 100 children going through dental treatment under general anaesthesia who were endorsed with antiemetics were remembered for the review. Information gathered with following boundaries like age, gender, antiemetics given. The classification of information was done in excel sheets and imported to SPSS. Results: Among 100 children treated under general anaesthesia, 56 were males and 44 were females. As a total count male were higher with a percentage of 56% when compared to females with 44%. 65% of ondansetron and 35% of metoclopramide antiemetic drugs were commonly prescribed in children undergoing dental treatment in general anaesthesia. Conclusion: There is high-certainty evidence that ondansetron drugs decrease vomiting, and moderate - assurance evidence that metoclopramide drugs probably reduce vomiting.

Factors To Be Evaluated in Children Undergoing Dental Treatment Under General Anaesthesia - A Retrospective Study

Introduction: General anaesthesia is the reversible state of unconsciousness that results in coma with loss of protective reflexes. GA in dentistry is the most cost effective and practiced mode of treatment. A definite group of patients who are not cooperative to the normal treatment will be treated only by giving general anesthesia. The potential risk factors for the usage of GA are emergency surgery, anaesthesiologist error, fluctuations in Blood pressure and Heart rate, Palor, Jaundice, Cyanosis and cardiovascular and pulmonary problems. Aim: The aim was to examine factors evaluated among children undergoing general anaesthesia for dental rehabilitation. Materials and methods: The study was implemented in a private dental institution, Chennai, India. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional review board prior to the start of the study. Total 140 children treated under GA were included in the study. Data was collected with following parameters like age, Gender, pallor, Jaundice, cyanosis, Blood pressure, Respiratory system examination, Cardiovascular system examination. The collected data was divided into 3 groups 0-5, 6-10 and 11-15 years and was analysed using SPSS statistical software. Data analysis done using chi square test and pearson correlation was done. p value < 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results and Discussion: In a total of 140 patients, different factors such as pallor. jaundice were taken in consideration and the analysis was done with comparison of ages. It is seen that most of the children who are accepted for the procedure are children in the age group of 0-5 years, followed by 6-10 years and the least percentage of acceptance is 11-15 years. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, some factors have been examined by the dental practitioner before General Anesthesia. Majority of the children show the absence of the pallor, jaundice and cyanosis.

Prevalence Of Children Above 6 Years of Age Undergoing Dental Treatment Under General Anesthesia

Prevalence Of Children Above 6 Years of Age Undergoing Dental Treatment Under General Anesthesia

Assessment and Correlation between Dactyloscopy and Behavior of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study.

To assess and correlate dactyloscopy and behavior of children undergoing dental treatment. A total of 30 children aged 4-8 years who needed at least one restoration without administration of local anesthesia were included. Two examiners recorded the behavior of the child as per Frankl's behavior rating scale and after the treatment, the subjects' fingerprints were taken using an ink pad and white paper. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versions 23 and a Chi-squared test was carried out (p < 0.05). The loop type fingerprint had the highest frequency, while the archtype had the lowest. The child's behavior differed greatly (p < 0.05) based on dermatoglyphic characteristics, with the loop pattern being seen in cooperative children and the whorl pattern in uncooperative children. There is a positive correlation between fingerprint type and children's dental care. Dactyloscopy can be used to determine the behavior of children coming for dental treatment and hence help in their management. Janiani P, Subramanian EMG. Assessment and Correlation between Dactyloscopy and Behavior of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):444-447.

Effect of Prophylactic Vitamin D Supplementation on Postoperative Pain and Sedation in Children with Mental Motor Retarded Who Undergoing Dental Treatment Introduction

The frequency of vitamin D deficiency is higher in children with mental motor retardation(MMR). We aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on postoperative pain in children with MMR who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia. &#x0D; Materials-Methods: Dental treatment was planned for a total of 62 patients with MMR, aged 7-17 years. Participants were divided into two groups. Children were prescribed vitamin D (600 IU of vitamin D per day) or Saline. Serum vitamin D levels were measured. Participants continued to intake oral vitamin D 600 IU (Group D) or 2ml saline (Group C) throughout 12 weeks. All participants were observed postoperative 1st hour, and Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklist–Postoperative Version (NCCPC-PV), Ramsay sedation scores, length of stay in post-anesthesia care unit, and analgesic requirements were recorded.&#x0D; Results: The study was completed with fifty children (35 in Group D, 15 in Group C). Serum vitamin D levels were higher in Group D than Group C at 12 weeks(p=0.007). Vitamin D deficiency was found at 13 patients (37.1%) and 6 (40%), and vitamin D sufficiency was found 18 (51.4%) and 7 (46.7%) in Groups D and C, respectively at first admission. There was statistically significant difference between groups in NCCPC-PV score at 15th, 30th and 60th minutes in PACU(p

Postoperative Pain of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia Visiting a General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dental general anesthesia (GA) is a day-stay procedure and is a suitable choice for complicated cases. It is undertaken in a controlled hospital setting that ensures the quality, safety, efficacy, and efficiency of dental treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence, severity, duration, and factors related to the occurrence of postoperative discomfort in young children following GA in a general hospital. This study includes a minimum sample size of 23 children that were undergoing GA over a 1-month period. Informed consent was obtained from the parent prior to the treatment. A preoperative questionnaire via the Survey Monkey program was used for the purposes of recording the responses of the survey population. All data related to the immediate postoperative period while the child was in the post-anesthetic recovery room (PAR) was collected and assessed by one of the investigators using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) pain assessment scale. Postoperative data was gathered using the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ-8) and was performed by phone 3 days after the GA procedure. The participating 23 children ranged from 4 to 9 years old (mean 5.43 ± 1.53). A total of 65.2% were girls and 34.8% were boys, with 30.4% experiencing a recent history of pain.

Salivary cortisol response developed in Patients undergoing Dental treatment

Aims and objective: The stress control is essential in patients to elude the loss of motivation for Dental procedures .The present study was conducted to estimate salivary cortisol response to stress developed in patients undergoing Dental treatment Methodology : 36 patients had their salivary cortisol levels measured; 30 of them were in the study group and had had root canal, apicoectomy, tooth preparation, and impression-making procedures for the fixed prosthesis. Six of the patients were healthy individuals who didn’t need any dental treatment.The groups demarcated were as follows. Group 1: Control group with no treatment and just the saliva sample was taken. Group 2 ; The patients undergone access opening, Biomechanical preparation and obturation Group 3 ; The patients undergone apicoectomy procedure Group 4 ; The patients undergone tooth preparation and impression making for fixed prosthesis . The salivary cortisol levels were evaluated using Salivary Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit. Results : The salivary cortisol level was highest in Group 3,followed by Group 2 ,Group 4 and least in Group 1. Conclusion The stress level was lowest in healthy patient and highest when patient underwent apicoectomy procedure in appointment .

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy and Resilience-Based Play Therapy on Anxiety in Children Aged 6 to 8 Undergoing Dental Treatment

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy and resilience-based play therapy on anxiety in children aged 6 to 8 undergoing dental treatment. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and control group with a follow-up period. The study population included all children aged 6 to 8 who visited dental clinics in Isfahan in the first half of the year 2022, from which 45 children were selected through purposive sampling according to the entry criteria and randomly assigned to three equal groups of 15. Data collection was performed using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale - Short Form (Ahlen et al., 2018). The cognitive-behavioral play therapy sessions were based on the protocol of Hall, Kaduson, and Schaefer (2002), and the resilience-based play therapy sessions were based on the protocol of Nick Nashan and colleagues (2019), conducted over 8 sessions (one session per week) each lasting 60 minutes for the experimental groups, but not for the control group. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and mixed ANOVA with SPSS-26 software. Findings: The results showed that therapeutic interventions (cognitive-behavioral and resilience-based play therapy) were significantly more effective than the control group in improving anxiety scores (P&lt;0.001) and emotional expressiveness (P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, the results indicated that cognitive-behavioral play therapy had a greater effect on reducing anxiety scores in children undergoing dental treatment compared to resilience-based play therapy (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: These findings further highlight the role of play therapy in children undergoing dental treatment and the necessity of utilizing therapeutic approaches derived from the cognitive-behavioral approach to moderate these children's symptoms.

Hypnosis and Sedation for Anxious Children Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Retrospective Practice-Based Longitudinal Study.

To assess whether the treatment of children with oral midazolam and pediatric hypnosis techniques can improve the compliance in consecutive sessions, a retrospective longitudinal practice-based observational study was designed and carried out. A total of 311 children between 3 and 12 years of age were treated under hypnosis and sedation with midazolam (0.40 mg/kg body weight). Treatments were performed in one to a maximum of three sessions. A total of 183 children received one, 103 received two and 25 children received three treatment sessions. The behavior of the children during the sessions was examined by means of the Venham score. The self-evaluation of the children was based on the Wong–Baker Scale. Child behavior using midazolam and hypnosis techniques showed little difference and good compliance between the sessions. Venham scores did not increase significantly regarding total treatment from the first (0.99 ± 1.41) to the second (1.17 ± 1.39) and to the third session (1.27 ± 1.20) (p > 0.05). However, considering the highest Venham scores that occurred in each case, the behavior of the children worsened significantly (p < 0.01) during the three treatment sessions, from 1.37 ± 1.31 (first) to 1.87 ± 1.74 (second) to 2.32 ± 1.33 (third). In 6.11% of the children, treatment was discontinued in the first session (n = 19), 0.96% in the second (n = 3) and 0% in the third. Treatment with low-dose midazolam, combined with hypnosis techniques, showed to be an effective option for dental treatment in children. Within the limitations of the current study, and with consideration of highest possible compliance, no more than two treatment sessions for pediatric dental treatment should be performed.

Effectiveness of Audio and Audio-Visual Distraction Aids for Management of Pain and Anxiety in Children and Adults Undergoing Dental Treatment- A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis.

To summarize effectiveness of audio and audio-visual (AV) distraction aids for management of pain and anxiety in children undergoing dental treatment. Literature search: PubMed/MEDLINE, DOAJ, Science Direct from June - July 2020 with randomized control clinical trials conducted on children with audio and AV distraction aids as intervention and those which had anxiety and pain as outcomes were searched. Fifty articles were identified and relevance was determined. 14 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 05 were eligible for meta-analysis. Cochrane handbook used to assess the risk of bias. The meta analysis conducted using review manager 5.3 software. Meta-analysis, cumulative mean difference for audio and AV distraction techniques was calculated with main outcomes as pulse rate, O2 level, Vehman's picture and clinical test. These findings showed significant difference favoring the intervention (audio and AV) group when compared with control but indicating more effectiveness of AV distractions. Different audio-visual aids assist in reducing pain and anxiety in children but using audio distraction aids when audio-visual aids are not available could be acceptable way for distracting and treating children.

Management of Diabetes in People Undergoing Dental Treatment in Primary Care.

Diabetes mellitus is a condition resulting from loss of production of insulin, or insufficient production/insulin resistance leading to high blood glucose levels. Management of the condition can be provided in a variety of settings and is tailored to the person's requirements. The condition has a lifelong, systemic impact due to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetes mellitus has dental implications due to increased risk of infections, poor wound healing, rapid progression of periapical pathology, xerostomia, burning mouth syndrome, and a bidirectional link with periodontal disease. Two clinical cases of patients with diabetes are discussed and their dental management described. Many people with diabetes can be treated in primary care, however, some with suboptimal glycaemic control may require specialist input and liaison with the patient's diabetes team.

Combating the Hypersensitive Gag Reflex in Patients Undergoing Dental Treatment – A Review

Combating the Hypersensitive Gag Reflex in Patients Undergoing Dental Treatment – A Review

To Compare the Efficacy of Two Intravenous Combinations of Drugs Ketamine-Propofol vs Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in Children Undergoing Dental Treatment.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of two intravenous combinations of drugs ketamine–propofol (KP) vs ketamine–dexmedetomidine (KD) for sedation in children undergoing dental treatment.Study designThirty patients were selected, evaluated according to the predetermined criteria and divided in equal numbers of 15 amongst 2 groups KP and KD.Materials and methodsInformed consent was taken, nil per oral (NPO) guidelines were followed and the study drug was administered. Dental procedure was performed. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and oxygen saturation (SPO2) were monitored continuously throughout the procedure. The modified Ramsay sedation (MRS) score was recorded along with Houpt sedation score. Recovery status was accessed by modified Aldrete's recovery scale.Statistical analysisStudent t test was used for comparing HR, BP and SPO2. Chi-square test was used to compare MRS, Houpt sedation score and modified Aldrete's recovery scale amongst the two groups KP and KD.ResultsThe sedation achieved with both the groups was adequate. Both the drugs produce adequate hemodynamic stability.ConclusionKetamine–dexmedetomidine has a better efficacy over the other group, ketamine–propofol.How to cite this articleJoshi AB, Shankaranarayan UR, Hegde A, et al. To Compare the Efficacy of Two Intravenous Combinations of Drugs Ketamine–Propofol vs Ketamine–Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in Children Undergoing Dental Treatment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(5):529–535.

Experiences of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia: A Qualitative Study in Canada

Experiences of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia: A Qualitative Study in Canada

Experiences of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia: A Qualitative Study in Canada

With the current move in childhood medicine away from a disease-centered approach to a child-centered approach, an interest in involving children in all aspects of their medical care has emerged. This requires healthcare providers to listen to children’s (and families’) opinions regarding illness, treatment, and health services. Dental treatment under general anesthesia (DTGA) is a common yet problematic (due to cost and safety concerns) approach for managing severe dental caries in children. The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to explore children’s and caregivers’ experiences of having DTGA, with a focus on emotional and psychological impacts of DTGA from the child’s perspective. …

Salivary Cortisol Level; Its Role in Stress Induced in Patients Undergoing Dental Treatment; An in Vivo Study

Aims and objective: The stress control is essential in patients to elude the loss of motivation for Dental procedures. The present study was conducted to estimate salivary cortisol response to stress developed in patients undergoing Dental treatment Methodology: The salivary cortisol level were evaluated in 40 patients ,out of which 10 patients were healthy patient who do not require any dental treatment and 40 patients were the study group who underwent scaling,implant treatment and class 1 cavity preparation for restoration .The groups demarcated were as follows. Group 1: control group with no treatment and just the saliva sample was taken. Group 2: The patients undergone scaling Group 3: The patients undergone implant treatment Group 4: The patients undergone class 1 cavity preparation for restoration. The salivary cortisol levels were evaluated using Salivary Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit. Results: The salivary cortisol level was highest in Group 3,followed by Group 2 ,Group 4 and least in Group 1. Conclusion: The stress level was lowest in healthy patient and highest when patient underwent implant placement in appointment.

Nonpharmacologic Interventions may Reduce Mental Distress in Adults Undergoing Dental Treatment

Non-pharmacological interventions for reducing mental distress in patients undergoing dental procedures: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Burghardt S, Koranyi S, Magnucki G, Strauss B, Rosendahl J. J Dent. 2018;69:22-31. None reported TYPE OF STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

A Comparative Study of Filmed Modeling and Tell-show-do Technique on Anxiety in Children undergoing Dental Treatment

A Comparative Study of Filmed Modeling and Tell-show-do Technique on Anxiety in Children undergoing Dental Treatment

Intravenous Sedation in a Patient with Leigh Encephalomyelopathy Undergoing Dental Treatment

Intravenous Sedation in a Patient with Leigh Encephalomyelopathy Undergoing Dental Treatment