Unconventional Pattern Research Articles

Young Adult Predictors and Midlife Outcomes of Male Fine Art Careers

The fine artist is often characterized as atypical and as one who persists with an unconventional lifestyle and career pattern because of the satisfaction derived from creating. To persevere with such an unconventional pattern over an extended period requires an unusual person. Can such a person be identified before he or she experiences this career pattern? The current study followed a group of male fine and applied artists over an 18‐year period and identified the young adult and midlife variables that differentiated the two groups. Results indicate that men in stereotypical fine art careers (labeled fluid careers) are more talented, inner‐focused, and less materialistic as young adults than their peers. By midlife, such fine artists also have significantly lower socioeconomic status than those in stable applied art careers, yet are equally satisfied with their lives. The results suggest that men who experience a fluid, fine‐art career are intrinsically oriented.

A Method to Design Shell-Side Pressure Drop Constrained Tubular Heat Exchangers

In shell and tube heat exchangers, the triple segmental baffle arrangement has been infrequently used, even though the potential of this baffle system for high thermal effectiveness with low pressure drop is generally known. This neglect seems to stem from the lack of published design guidelines on the subject. Lately, however, with the rapid growth in the size of nuclear heat exchangers, the need to develop unconventional baffling pattern has become increasingly important. A method to effectively utilize the triple segmental concept to develop economical designs is presented herein. The solution technique given in this paper is based on a flow model named “Piecewise Continuous Cosine Model.” The solution procedure easily lends itself to detailed analysis to determine safety against flow-induced vibrations.

American Participation in the International Steel Cartel

The present survey is confined to the external ties which connected American steel producers to the International Steel Cartel.' In order to discuss this subject it is necessary to mention superficially some points of the structure of the ISC as it existed after the renewal of its fundamental agreements in 1938. Problems connected with the business strategy of the ISC are not discussed here. Even the designing of the external structure of the AmericanEuropean steel pact is made here with reservations which should be noted. Details are omitted in order to make the picture more comprehensible. This paper presumes that the reader is familiar with the political implications of international combinations, that he knows something about the trade terms of common steel products,2 and that he has available literature concerning the earlier periods of the International Steel Cartel. The structure, aims and tools of operation of the ISC were not veiled in mystery. It consisted of a rather intricate network of institutions, some of a conventional, others of an unconventional economic pattern. Two categories of economic forces operated in this mighty edifice, both designed to make the structure of the world steel export market revolve around a parent and a group of filial centers. First were the forces, centripetal in nature, aimed at maintaining internal collaboration and discipline. Second, were the centrifugal forces designed to keep buyers and buyer-groups in line and to eliminate actual and potential competitors. More