Unconscious Forms Research Articles

CHILD VIOLENCE: FROM PSYCHOANALYSIS TO THE REALITY OF PROTECTING CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN BRAZIL

The purpose of the presented material is to summarize the basic psychoanalytic positions on the analysis of human aggressiveness and violent impulses, as well as to analyze the work of South American educators on the problem of violence within the recognition of human rights to a safe life. Methods. The defined theoretical and methodological direction of the analysis of child violence consists of research procedures, bibliographic review, psychoanalytic and socio-pedagogical research. Results. Psychoanalytic positions of interpretation of the phenomenon of violence are represented by Freud's classic generalizations about aggression, sadism and repression of libido. The conceptual understanding of the intrapsychic aspects of the child's violence is supplemented by the provisions of the theories of object relations through various forms of self-destruction of the individual. The socio-historical context of violence is revealed and it is emphasized that violence always contains the fact of violation by one person of the rights and freedoms of another person. The analysis of the works of Brazilian psychoanalysts reveals the specifics of experiencing the "feeling of colonization" in unconscious forms of repressed tension, confrontation and guilt. It is emphasized that various conflict traumas and states of social disintegration should begin with the awareness of just solidarity and human rights. It is also important to be aware of the rights of the child, which is in line with the doctrine of integral protection. The scientific achievements of the scientific school of Professor A.M. Eyng on the study of the problems of violence and children's rights are revealed. The basic positions of cooperation between Ukrainian and Brazilian scientists on the study of psychological norms of quality of life, mental health and well-being of children in humanitarian situations (poverty, wars, environmental disasters, forced displacement, etc.) are outlined. Conclusions. The scientific synthesis of psychoanalysis of child violence and socio-pedagogical generalizations about the child's rights to a safe existence is a new form of practical solution to the problem of protecting the quality of life of the child.

Faraway, so Close: Perceptions of the Metaverse on the Edge of Madness

With the evolution of technologies, virtual reality allows us to dive into cyberspace through different devices and have immersive experiences in different contexts, which, in a simple way, we call virtual worlds or multiverse (integrating Metaverse versions). Through virtual reality, it is possible to create infinite simulated environments to immerse ourselves in. Future internet may be slightly different from what we use today. Virtual immersion situations are common (particularly in gaming), and the Metaverse has become a lived and almost real experience claiming its presence in our daily lives. To investigate possible perspectives or concepts regarding the Metaverse, virtual reality, and immersion, we considered a main research question: To what extent can a film centered on the multiverse be associated with adults’ Metaverse perceptions? Considering that all participants are adults, the objectives of this study are: (1) Verify the representations of the Metaverse; (2) Verify the representations of immersion; (3) Verify the representations of the multiverse; (4) Verify the importance of a film (related to the Metaverse and the multiverse) on the representations found. This study—framed in a Ph.D. research project—analyzed the participants’ answers through an online survey using two films to gather thoughts, ideas, emotions, sentiments, and reactions according to our research objectives. Some limitations were considered, such as the number of participants, number of the questionnaire questions and the knowledge or lack of the main concepts. Our results showed that a virtual world created by a movie might stimulate the perception of almost living in that supposed reality, accepting the multiverse and Metaverse not as distant concepts but as close experiences, even in an unconscious form. This finding is also a positive contribution to a discussion in progress aiming for an essential understanding of the Metaverse as a complex concept.

Интуитивно-иррациональные формы познания

The article expresses the desire to have a more complete structure of cognitive activity. The appeal to the unconscious potential of not only cognition, but also thinking allows us to see more subtle and implicit forms and ways of appropriating the world and orientation in the external environment. In addition, special attention to unconscious thinking and its basis, anticipatory reflection, allow not only to base other forms of cognition in the biological and physiological structures of human organization, but also create the basis for a more complete comprehension of the essence of man. The indication of unconscious forms of cognition makes available the mechanism of creation of qualitatively new thought, explanations of hidden and repressed thoughts and roots a person in the total human formation.

Spontaneous-unconscious forms of thought processes: philosophical and psychological aspects of research

The subject of this study is those aspects of human mental activity that are determined by its inclusion in non-articulated and non-reflexive spheres of mental activity. The purpose of this article is to analyze the psychological and philosophical aspects of studying specific aspects of the formation and functioning of thinking as the highest cognitive ability of a person, namely in that part of this ability that manifests itself in a spontaneously unconscious form. One of the tasks that require resolution and arise in such a context is to raise the question of whether these forms of manifestation of thinking are considered only a consequence of the influence of external factors, or whether it is a necessary element of the process of their formation and functioning. Another task, due to the specifics of the chosen research subject, was the question of choosing a methodological context and prospects for further research. The methodological approaches and methods used in the course of the research involve both the theoretical developments of classical philosophy and psychology, as well as the results of modern philosophical and psychological research, which allows us to apply the so-called method of "systematic eclecticism", which partly allows us to actualize an integrated approach to such a complex field of research as the phenomenon of human consciousness. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that despite the continuing interest in the problems of the functioning of human thinking, its origin remains insufficiently investigated in terms of its relationship with the unconscious processes of the human psyche. One of the reasons for this situation is the relative differentiation and fragmentation in methodological campaigns. As one of the main conclusions in the attempted study of the mental processes indicated by the chosen topic is the position of the inextricable connection, interdependence of conscious and unconscious acts of the psyche, and the spontaneous-unconscious form of manifestation of thinking is naturally inherent in it. As a particular conclusion based on the results of the conducted research, it is proposed to update the already existing results achieved in cognitive sciences as an interdisciplinary field of research on problems of consciousness and thinking.

고구려의 <주몽> 서사시와 야쿠트족의 <에르 소고토흐> 서사시 비교연구

The Korean people and the Yakut people have many cultural commonalities, including shamanism, the idea of a heavenly god, sun worship, archery culture, and the belief in the crow as the messenger of God. These commonalities are also fused in the myths or epics of the heroes (national founders or founding founders) of the two peoples. In the founding or national origin myth (or epic), which explains how the progenitor of a nation or tribe (or nation) was born and formed a nation or tribe, the nation's worldview is strongly expressed, and along with it, historicity and literary value can be discovered.
 In this paper, through a study of Goguryeo's <Jumong> epic and the Yakut people's <Er Sogotokh> epic, we examine not only the worldviews of the two peoples, but also similarities and differences between the two myths by comparing and analyzing what elements are used to express the divinity of the hero, what thoughts they have about the origins of their peoples, and how the heroic feats of the protagonist are reproduced. Based on this, I think we can understand the characteristics of the nation.
 The two stories indicate a high degree of similarity in structure, with the following structure: birth-growth-deficiency-departure-trials, overcoming -arrival-fight, and victory-achievement-after-story. And the two heroes are similar in that they are both descendants of heavenly gods, have mysterious anecdotes related to their birth, and possess extraordinary archery skills. However, while the <Er Sogotoch> epic has a story structure that focuses on the protagonist defeating the antagonist, getting married, and starting a family; the <Jumong> epic focuses on the protagonist defeating the antagonist and securing territory to establish a nation. This seems to be due to the difference between the folk tale about the founder of a nation and the founder of a country. In addition, the Yakutian worldview is well illustrated in <Er Sogotoch>, where the protagonist and antagonist freely move between the heavenly world, the middle (terrestrial) world, and the lower world. It shows that these worlds are not disconnected and independent from each other, but are organically connected, and thus a complete world is formed. In contrast, <Jumong> shows communication with the gods by asking for help from heavenly gods and gods of river, but the connection between humans and gods is weakened in that the protagonist cannot move to the world of the gods. In addition, <Er Sogotoch> shows that the role of a sacred tree that tells the secret of birth, the water of life gifted by the sacred tree, and a horse with mysterious abilities appear as important elements in composing the story, indicating that the mythical concept is more strongly reflected than <Jumong>.
 This denotes that the epic <Er Sogotoch> was formed earlier than the epic <Jumong>. It is impossible to reveal the internalized unconscious form and culture of the two peoples through comparative analysis of only two hero narratives and has clear limitations. In the future, we hope that these limitations will be overcome through more extensive research of the heroic epics, legends, and myths of northern peoples.

Speechlessness: a Conceptual Framework.

The phenomenon of speechlessness has hardly been considered in the literature from a psychological point of view. Previous research on speechlessness is limited to the fields of neurology, medicine or psychopathology. The present review aims to consider speechlessness from a psychological perspective distinct from pathology, and to highlight its observability and possible connections to existing research in the context of emotional cognition and processing. Search terms were developed and a comprehensive, systematic literature search was conducted in various databases based on previous scientific work on the understanding of non-speech, silence and speechlessness. Only results that examined the phenomenon of speechlessness from a non-pathological or non-neurological perspective were included. A total of N = 7 publications matching the inclusion criteria were identified. The results were used to develop a procedual model for the phenomenological definition of speechlessness. The developed model differentiates the observable phenomenon of speechlessness into a non-intentional, unconscious form and a intentional, conscious form. The present work suggests that meaningful emotions and their perception and processing is a core element in the emergence of speechlessness and provides a first, psychological, non-pathological explanation of speechlessness.

유럽과 국가

This article deals with the question of state in the European context. European countries have progressively achieved a modern form of domination on the basis of sovereignty and rule of law, by monopolizing the legitimacy and mobilizing the society. The European integration assembling national states can be analyzed as a process of new political center formation. The European Union has developed following a somewhat similar historical route of federalism, but a different trajectory on many important points. I suggest that a macro-historical approach of state is crucial in understanding European integration, using the concept of symbolic domination proposed by Pierre Bourdieu. After examining various cases applying the concept of state to Europe, I underline the possibility of analyzing Europe as a state of symbolic domination, meaning an indirect, informal, and unconscious form of domination, going further than the traditional concept of state as a mechanism of physical and direct domination. I conclude by a comparison with East Asia where the traditional national state model culminates at its apex.

What Happens When a Trans Patient Happens.

Transphobia, now emerging as a limit to the analytic attitude, requires the kind of psychoanalytic investigation that continues in response to misogyny, homophobia, and biphobia, as they figure in both clinical practice and theory building. Without a psychoanalytic investigation into the dynamics of transphobia in psychoanalysis, efforts to conceptualize trans subjects in an analytically open and neutral manner must falter. An exploration of the author's own efforts to overcome transphobic bias, as well as an analysis of transphobic dynamics in a well-known case in the literature, show some of the challenges that arise when attempts at thinking psychoanalytically get caught up in conscious and unconscious forms of transphobia.

The Knitting Knows: On Learning How to Work With the Countertransference

Learning how to identify and work with the countertransference is a cornerstone of any psychoanalytic training, yet it can't be taught solely through books or in the classroom. Experience of the countertransference and having it pointed out through supervision or a peer group is an essential component of this learning process. Nonetheless, countertransference can be missed as it's often an unconscious form of communication. This article explores, through the example of an infant observation, how an intense countertransference penetrated unchecked and unnoticed but was enacted through the creative act of knitting. The emergence of this countertransference is examined and is then considered through the lens of a ‘creative block’. This idea gives a different way to think about unconscious processes and enriches the understanding of what is being communicated.

Psycholinguistic dimensions of personal interaction between subjects of educational space in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

The study aimed to analyze the psycholinguistic dimension of the personal interaction of the subjects of the educational space in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a model was built to assess the influence of distance learning in an electronic environment or other unconscious forms on the effectiveness of school education. Through the study, the main factors influencing the effectiveness of learning at the school, class, and individual level (students, teachers, and parents) were identified and analyzed. A logical assessment framework model was created linking the resource provision of the educational distance process, organization and flow of learning processes, accessibility of the system of adaptation, and support for learning and achievement of results for students, teachers, parents, and school. The study provides an opportunity for a broader diagnosis of the effectiveness of education in the education system. It can facilitate data-driven decision-making to ensure adaptability and improve the effectiveness of the educational process to reduce inequality, ensure equal opportunities for quality education, ensure the sustainability of acquired knowledge and skills, and reduce the risk of dropping out of school in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Modernisasi (Studi pada Aktor Pertanian lahan basah Desa Samuda)

Modernization appears in various forms, both in tangible and unconscious forms. Modernization has gripped all sectors of human life without exception even in private spaces to public spaces, starting from technological modernization to modernization at the level of ideas.The aim is to find out the actions of farmers in Samuda village in responding to modernization in agriculture and constraints. This study used qualitative research methods. The technique for determining the informants used in this study was a purposive technique, which means that the researcher determines the informants based on qualifications that are in accordance with the research topic. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the actions of farmers in responding to modernization with the use of modern elements in agriculture. This modern element varies from one farmer to another, from one farmer group to another, from one land type to another. In tidal swamp farming, it is not possible to apply all the elements of agricultural renewal, but there are several factors such as land type, water conditions and weather that need to be considered before starting the farming process. Samuda farmers use a combination of agricultural tools in land management. At the stage of land cultivation, they use tractors if land conditions allow. In this case if the state of water is little and the soil is dry or little water. This consideration is important because tidal swamps are highly dependent on the high and low water conditions with land that is always flooded. During the dry season, the water discharge is low, so farmers can use tractors to cultivate the land.Based on the results of the research above, it is recommended that the government be more intensive in providing understanding and training for farmers regarding the use of modern tools in farming activities.

Modernisasi (Studi pada Aktor Pertanian lahan basah Desa Samuda)

Modernization appears in various forms, both in tangible and unconscious forms. Modernization has gripped all sectors of human life without exception even in private spaces to public spaces, starting from technological modernization to modernization at the level of ideas.The aim is to find out the actions of farmers in Samuda village in responding to modernization in agriculture and constraints. This study used qualitative research methods. The technique for determining the informants used in this study was a purposive technique, which means that the researcher determines the informants based on qualifications that are in accordance with the research topic. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the actions of farmers in responding to modernization with the use of modern elements in agriculture. This modern element varies from one farmer to another, from one farmer group to another, from one land type to another. In tidal swamp farming, it is not possible to apply all the elements of agricultural renewal, but there are several factors such as land type, water conditions and weather that need to be considered before starting the farming process. Samuda farmers use a combination of agricultural tools in land management. At the stage of land cultivation, they use tractors if land conditions allow. In this case if the state of water is little and the soil is dry or little water. This consideration is important because tidal swamps are highly dependent on the high and low water conditions with land that is always flooded. During the dry season, the water discharge is low, so farmers can use tractors to cultivate the land.Based on the results of the research above, it is recommended that the government be more intensive in providing understanding and training for farmers regarding the use of modern tools in farming activities.

How to Measure Knowing Without Knowing? A Systematic Bibliometric Mapping and Visualization

In this work, we explore rational and intuitive decision-making styles via a literature review by taking advantage of advanced bibliometric analysis techniques. To contribute to the scientific debate, the aim of this mapping and clustering analysis is to systematically explore cognitive styles to call attention to several psychometric properties that can inspire future research, in particular for measuring intuitive decision making, the unconscious form, which has received less scholarly attention than the rational form. The data examined from the Web of Science and Scopus databases comprise 20,582 peer-reviewed documents published through the end of 2019. Based on this research review of decision-making styles across research domains and entrepreneurship literature in particular, we analyzed the literature regarding intuitive decision-making styles in greater detail. So far, the scientific community has focused its attention on measuring rational decision making. Thus, this first systematic bibliometric mapping and visualization study will allow us to recognize “invisible colleagues“ across domains not only by offering insights from current research into the two uncorrelated constructs of intuitive and rational systems by identifying intellectual relationships but also by serving as food for thought for new measurements of entrepreneurial intuitive decision making.

The new animism

The new animism

Психофизиологические маркёры адаптации у мужчин активного трудоспособного возраста, проживающих на юге и севере Тюменской области

The aim. Of the study was to assess the psychophysiological markers of adaptation in men of active working age. Materials and research methods. In two experimental groups, a search for markers of psychophysiological adaptation was carried out: redundant empirical data were collected in 151 patients of the Tyumen clinics; 236 healthy men aged 20 to 35 years were surveyed and the MCTQ chronotype was determined. Results. The article presents the results of a content analysis of the publications of Tyumen scientists who have determined the general trends in the study of adaptation mechanisms in men working and living in the Tyumen region. 4 main approaches to the study of the resource capabilities of the human body are distinguished: anatomical-anthropological, interdisciplinary, chronobiological and integrative. According to the results of the expert mathematical analysis of the data, the leading morphofunctional markers of the human adaptive potential were determined: cholesterol level, body mass index, signs of myocardial hypertrophy, blood pressure level. A model for assessing the adaptive potential of a person under the action of low-intensity background stressors is proposed. Unconscious forms of mental reflection: patriarchal gender stereotype and low level of motivation in choosing a profession, indirectly indicate the low significance of behavioral factors in the development of stress-induced states in men. Conclusion. The significance of subjective methods for assessing the functional state of the human body based on the results of a questionnaire and determining the chronotype of MCTQ is shown. The markers of psychophysiological adaptation in men of active working age were determined: a high level of physical activity, stable hemodynamic parameters against the background of a high level of psychoemotional stress, eating disorders and a lack of night sleep.

Railway spine: The advent of compensation for concussive symptoms

ABSTRACTThe introduction of railway transportation in Great Britain in the early-nineteenth century saw an increased frequency of trauma cases involving persisting symptoms without objective evidence of injury. In 1866, a prominent surgeon, Sir John Eric Erichsen, attributed such symptoms to concussion of the spine (popularized as “railway spine”) that involved an organic pathology, inflammation of the spinal cord in the absence of spinal fracture, with potential psychological overlay. This was widely accepted within the medico-legal context throughout the 1870s, whereby passengers sought compensation for collision-related injuries. In 1883, a railway surgeon named Herbert William Page countered the assertion that many of Erichsen’s cases likely had sustained direct physical injury to the spine, the cord, and/or the spinal nerves; and in cases without such injury, the symptoms were psychogenic, as in traumatic neurasthenia and/or hysteria. Similarities between Erichsen’s and Page’s medico-legal positions, such as conscious and unconscious forms of symptom exaggeration that would both resolve upon settlement of the case, ushered in the era of medical injury compensation.

Uświadomiona i nieuświadomiona postać cienia organizacyjnego w komercyjnej organizacji medialnej

A Conscious and Unconscious Form of Organizational Shadow in a Commercial Media Organization The aim of the article is to explore and describe the organizational shadow in relation to the commercial media institution. The concept of shadow was introduced by Jung, who described it as the negative side of the human soul. As Bowles noted in 1991, this phenomenon can be applied to management sciences. The organizational shadow is created as a result of rejecting difficult, defective and uncomfortable elements of the institution’s identity, which can lead to the development of management pathologies. Interviews, which are the domain of qualitative methodology, allowed to distinguish organizational shadows in the commercial radio station, taking into account the causes and effects of their development as well as awareness of their existence among employees. The shadows include: unequal treatment of volunteer workers, giving up the development of young radio broadcasters, as well as a unjust remuneration policy. The conclusion of the article is indication the brand myth as the main reason for allowing the development of shadows.

NOT A REVOLUTION, BUT A MOVIE-REVOLT: THE MYSTERY OF TERRIBLE HOLLYWOOD ARTIFACTS IN BATTLES WITH CONSUMER IDEOLOGY

The article considers the problem of psychoanalytic interpretation of the role of ancient artifacts in the construction of a storyline of an American horror film. The author establishes a direct connection between the composition of a film and the transfer processes characteristic of unconscious forms of individual and social life. Artifacts, as a rule, demonstrate their vital nature in the process of communication with the philistine environment. This testifies to the actualization in the space of modern mass culture of the archaic need for personal human participation in the mythical re-creation of the world. Also, vitality is manifested in the destructive opposition of the ancient artifact to the typical consumer manipulations of a man in the street and is aimed at bridging the gap between man and the object environment created by him. The vitality of artifacts is one of the ways of unconscious objectification of intermediate results of the transfer, which is undertaken by the man in order to form his own explanatory model of the world. And the ideology of the American horror film is a postmodern simulacrum of social-revolutionary movements of past eras, the main purpose of which was to change the existing forms of political and socio-cultural communication.

“Father, Where Art Thou?” The Significance of Transgenerational Trauma in a Psychotherapy With Luke

The author presents her work with a male client, choosing those parts of the clinical work that provide a context for the emergence of transgenerational trauma. She proposes that this type of trauma is encoded in multiple unconscious forms and only reveals itself through a nonlinear process requiring the therapist’s disciplined and reflective use of her subjectivity. Using the theory of the domains of transference, she describes how previously traumatic self-states in both therapist and client are brought into conscious awareness. The theoretical focus is on episcript, epigenetics, and use of the therapist’s subjectivity in the transformational transference as well as the use of symbolism, contemplation, and the discipline of hard reflection and thinking.

Logical Reasoning beyond Classical Logic: An Illustration with Pythagoras Theorem

We report on a study conceived with the idea that the use of logic in regard to mathematical reasoning as it actually occurs in practice is not limited to its prominent role in formal deductions and proofs. Interpretation of different mathematical situations elicits in fact the use of mostly unconscious forms of reasoning, close to those of narrative processing, which do not coincide with the expectations of traditional logic. This is pervasive, in particular, in educational situations at different levels, as we illustrate with interpretations which can emerge alongside an apparently obvious mathematical statement, namely, Pythagoras Theorem. We defend the position that analyses of “errors”, should start by understanding their prevalence and non arbitrariness. Accordingly, we use a nonclassical logics whose features may give new insights to the kind of learning obstacles often found in the literature, as well as in our results.