Unconscious Fears Research Articles

Analysis of the Application of Freudian Theory in the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda in Indonesia

Propaganda is a powerful tool for shaping public perception, especially in the context of fascism. This study analyzes the application of Freudian theory to fascist propaganda in Indonesia, particularly during the New Order era under Soeharto’s regime. Fascism in Indonesia began in 1933 with the rise of organizations like the Nederlandsche Indische Fascisten Organisatie (NIFO) and the Indonesian Fascist Party (PFI). During the New Order, propaganda was used to manipulate public opinion, suppress opposition, and maintain power. This research employs a qualitative literature review method, analyzing historical records, media sources, and academic writings. The study specifically examines how Freudian concepts, such as unconscious fears and mass psychology, were used to influence public perceptions, particularly in relation to the G30S/PKI case. The findings reveal that the regime exploited public fears of communism, using propaganda to justify repression and control. This research highlights the importance of understanding the psychological underpinnings of propaganda and suggests that further studies could explore the broader implications of these techniques in different political contexts.

"All we have to fear is fear itself": Paradigms for reducing fear by preventing awareness of it.

Research on unconscious fear responses has recently been translated into experimental paradigms for reducing fear that bypass conscious awareness of the phobic stimulus and thus do not induce distress. These paradigms stand in contrast to exposure therapies for anxiety disorders, which require direct confrontation of feared situations and thus are distressing. We systematically review these unconscious exposure paradigms. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-based search yielded 39 controlled experiments based on 10 paradigms that tested whether exposure without awareness can reduce fear-related responses. In randomized controlled trials of phobic participants, unconscious exposure interventions: (a) reduced behavioral avoidance (weighted mean d = 0.77, N = 469) and self-reported fear (d = 0.78, N = 329) during in vivo exposure to feared situations; (b) reduced neurobiological indicators of fear and enhanced such indicators of fear regulation (d = 0.81, N = 205); (c) had significantly stronger effects on reducing symptomatic behaviors and enhancing neurobiological indicators of fear regulation than did conscious exposure (d = 0.78, N = 342); and (d) produced these effects without inducing subjective fear. In fear-conditioned participants, unconscious exposureinduced extinction learning (d = 0.80, N = 420), even during sleep, and yielded somewhat stronger extinction learning than conscious exposure did (d = 0.44, N = 438). We organize these findings within a neuroscientific framework and evaluate alternative mechanisms for unconscious exposure. The use of incommensurate outcome measures across exposure paradigms and nonreporting of relevant statistics limited meta-analyses. Despite steps taken to address publication bias, 25.6% of included studies came from a single laboratory. We propose potential clinical applications of these findings. Future research should clarify underlying mechanisms, use common outcome measures, and explore effects on other anxiety disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Identifying the impact of unconscious fear on adolescent anxiety: Cognitive neural mechanisms and interventions

Identifying the impact of unconscious fear on adolescent anxiety: Cognitive neural mechanisms and interventions

The fears and tyranny cycle: the movement between mental pain and tyranny in the forensic patient

This article describes a forensic reading of the "fears and tyranny cycle", a concept described by Barcai and Rosenthal (1974) to characterise the behaviour of some children and the dynamic origins of this in the relationship with their parents. This concept can be helpful in developing a formulation of the dynamics between the forensic patient and their professional carers, when a patient behaves in tyrannical and fear-inducing ways. Three clinical illustrations of the development of a formulation are described. The examples pay attention to the unique and unconscious fears of a patient, in a particular set of circumstances, and how this can assist in going beyond a characterisation of fear-driven tyrannical behaviour as being explained simply as institutionalisation, anger, or anxiety. Links to the wider psychoanalytic literature are drawn and the potential value of this approach to thinking with individual clinicians or clinical teams in reflective practice is considered.

Artificial Intelligence (AF) in Human Fantasy: The Birth of a New Subject in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun

In Klara and the Sun (2021), the Nobel Prize-winning Japanese-British writer Kazuo Ishiguro fantasizes about an unspecified future world of possibilities for life with Artificial Intelligence. This novel raises complex questions about the notion of intelligent life, the fantasy of transcending the limits of nature, the future of the social bond, and the constitution of human emotions. This study portrays the unconscious fears, fantasies, and fascination created in the novel’s plot, centred on the solar-powered AF (Artificial Friend). The novelty of this paper is to show how Klara, the Artificial Friend, the humanoid, traverses the Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real and becomes a new Lacanian subject. The careful explanation of the study attempts to chart the impact of a new subject on human fantasy in society and culture from Zizek’s concept of Ideological Fantasy. It explores how subjects lose their internal being when their lives are entirely commodified and exploited as a component of capitalism. Finally, Ishiguro ends his novel where the being (nature) owns over the thing (commodity). This paper will also attempt to enlist the impact of dystopian fiction on society and culture. Hence, in conclusion, this study explores a constructive approach to understanding human fantasy and acknowledges the text as a scope that meets interdisciplinary promises.

“God, Guns, and Guts”: Christian Nationalism from a Psychoanalytic Perspective

This article explores the motivations behind adherents to Christian nationalism using several inter-related psychoanalytic theoretical lenses. Following a description of Christian nationalist beliefs, four conscious motivations for joining will be outlined first, including recruitment tactics/evangelization that fulfill the need for belonging and a sense of sacred purpose, the fear of loss of white social status, fear of loss of patriarchal authority and hierarchy, and the allure of conspiracy theories such as QAnon for conservative Christians. This will be followed by a more in-depth discussion of unconscious dynamics that can fuel individuals’ adoption of a Christian-nationalist belief system, including group dynamics and Freud’s insights into the power of a charismatic leader, the allure of guns reflecting deeper unconscious fears of emasculation, paranoid splitting and the role of trauma, and, finally, the ways in which this segment of American Christianity may be unconsciously carrying disavowed and split-off aggression towards other Christians—and how better integration might be achieved through nonviolent resistance to injustice, and positive political engagement.

Rapid Unconscious Acquisition of Conditioned Fear with Low-Spatial-Frequency but Emotionally Neutral Stimuli.

It has long been proposed that emotionally "prepared" (i.e., fear-related) stimuli are privileged in the unconscious acquisition of conditioned fear. However, as fear processing is suggested to highly depend on the coarse, low-spatial-frequency (LSF) components of the fear-related stimuli, it is plausible that LSF may play a unique role in the unconscious fear conditioning even with emotionally neutral stimuli. Here, we provided empirical evidence that, following classical fear conditioning, an invisible, emotionally neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+) with LSF, but not with high spatial frequency (HSF), can rapidly elicit stronger skin conductance responses (SCRs) and larger pupil diameters than its CS- counterpart. In comparison, consciously perceived emotionally neutral CS+ with LSF and HSF elicited comparable SCRs. Taken together, these results support that the unconscious fear conditioning does not necessarily entail emotionally prepared stimuli but prioritizes LSF information processing and highlight the crucial distinctions between the unconscious and the conscious fear learning. These findings not only coincide with the postulation that a rapid, spatial-frequency-dependent subcortical route is engaged in unconscious fear processing but also suggest the existence of multiple routes for conscious fear processing.

Psychoanalyzing democracies: Antagonisms, paranoia, and the productivity of depression

Psychoanalyzing democracies: Antagonisms, paranoia, and the productivity of depression

Anesthesia and the neurobiology of fear and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Dysfunction of fear memory systems underlie a cluster of clinically important and highly prevalent psychological morbidities seen in perioperative and critical care patients, most archetypally posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several sedative-hypnotics and analgesics are known to modulate fear systems, and it is theoretically plausible that clinical decisions of the anesthesiologist could impact psychological outcomes. This review aims to provide a focused synthesis of relevant literature from multiple fields of research. There is evidence in some contexts that unconscious fear memory systems are less sensitive to anesthetics than are conscious memory systems. Opiates may suppress the activation of fear systems and have benefit in the prevention of PTSD following trauma. There is inconsistent evidence that the use of propofol and benzodiazepines for sedation following trauma may potentiate the development of PTSD relative to other drugs. The benefits of ketamine seen in the treatment of major depression are not clearly replicated in PTSD-cluster psychopathologies, and its effects on fear processes are complex. There are multiple theoretical mechanisms by which anesthetic drugs can modulate fear systems and clinically important fear-based psychopathologies. The current state of research provides some evidence to support further hypothesis investigation. However, the absence of effectiveness studies and the inconsistent signals from smaller studies provide insufficient evidence to currently offer firm clinical guidance.

The Scars Of Old Memories Impact On Human Psyche In Paula Hawkins’ The Girl On The Train

Every human being in this world has its imperfection. An individual can change his or her personality according to experience. Every person has insecurities and anxieties that may cause behavior to change. This phenomenon is also represented in Paula Hawkins’s novel titled The Girl on the Train. The study aims to reveal the cause of Megan’s loss of her love one experience affect her current personality and to reveal Megan’s projection and displacement affect the relationship with her husband. The research used psychoanalytic criticism theory to analyze the novel The Girl on the Train. The primary datum of this study is the novel, which focuses on the expression and explanation related to the unconscious fears and defenses mechanism by the characters. The results showed that someone’s behavior would change after having a bad experience as well as losing the loved one. Moreover, when someone pressed them a lot for doing something that they do not want to. In order to overcome someone’s wound, a person will be releasing his or her wounds to other people.

Investigating Poetry with J. V. Foix

Abstract Widely considered to be the best Surrealist poet writing in Catalan, J. V. Foix incorporated a number of principles associated with Sigmund Freud into his imaginative works, in which an assortment of dream mechanisms expressed his unconscious desires, fears, thoughts, and motivations. By means of surprising associations and astonishing encounters, Foix managed to transform his everyday surroundings into a magical universe characterized by whimsical juxtapositions, impossible encounters, and unexpected discoveries. Extending from the beginning to the end of his long and distinguished career, the four poems that I have chosen to examine illustrate the characteristic manner in which he juxtaposed spatial and temporal distortions in the process of crafting his unforgettable dream-works.

Psychological and Physiological Responses to Different Views through a Window in Apartment Complexes

Background and objective With increasing land use intensity in urban areas, apartment buildings have been recognized as a typical type of urban residence. In this study, the impacts of different views through a window on health-related responses were investigated using psychological and physiological parameters. Methods Photos of three different types of views taken on low (2–12 m), middle (28–35 m), and high (over 54 m) floors of dense apartment building areas were used as visual stimuli. Twenty-two healthy adults participated in the indoor experiment. Semantic differential methods and profile of mood states were used as psychological tools. Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated using blood pressures, pulse rate and heart rate variability (HRV). Results Analytic data showed different characteristics of psychological and physiological outcomes in three different apartment views. In the analysis of psychological parameters, significantly negative responses to the views on middle floors were found in the subscales of tension-anxiety and anger-hostility, compared to low floors. Significantly positive scores in the subscale of vigor were found on low floors with abundance of vegetation and high floors with a view of the sky. A significantly increased value of HF was found on low floors (2,294.96 ± 169.79), compared to the middle(1,553.45 ± 84.66) and high (1,523.02 ± 70.49) floors. Despite the high scores in openness and vigor, high floor views showed significantly higher LF/HF values (1.83 ± 0.09), the indicator of the sympathetic nervous system, than low (1.30 ± 0.07) and middle floor views (1.34 ± 0.06), which might be related to the unconscious fear of heights. Conclusion Views from different heights in an apartment building can affect the psychological states of residents. Green space through the window may have a positive health outcome by reducing physiological stress.

High-functioning autism: changes over fourteen years of psychoanalytic psychotherapy: part two

ABSTRACT This paper is the second of three, outlining different aspects of my patient Sam’s fourteen years of psychotherapy. This second paper focuses on two aspects in the work. The major issue involves Sam’s psychosexual development from eleven to twenty-four years of age, emphasising the autistic level of the Oedipus complex. The second issue is the decline and eventual disappearance of Sam’s autistic rituals, which he had used in his treatment. The discussion of his psychosexual development includes the perverse and sadomasochistic aspects tied into his sexuality, along with powerful castration anxieties, which were also tied into annihilation anxieties. More recently, Sam has been consciously concerned with behaving ‘appropriately’ with women, but with unconscious fears of his own sexual impulses regarding being bullying and aggressive. Autistic rituals were not uncommon in the early part of Sam’s treatment. I outline in detail the last autistic ritual he showed me, during his sixteenth and seventeenth years. No further rituals have been observed from Sam’s eighteenth year onward. I conclude with some observations on how Sam responded to the sudden switch from in person to online psychotherapy in March 2020.

“What May Happen in a Field of Wild Oats”: Ecogothic Retribution in “The Damned Thing”

This essay explores the expression of two parallel anxieties in Ambrose Bierce’s 1893 “The Damned Thing.” The work depicts, in non-chronological order, a man’s struggle with and eventual defeat by a mysteriously invisible creature (“the Damned Thing”) that inhabits his Californian homestead. On its surface, the story is markedly ecophobic, and I conclude that Bierce’s intention was to unsettle his readers by suggesting that humankind’s control of the natural world is incomplete at best and nonexistent at worst. However, I find that there is a second, unconscious fear of Native American attack articulated in “The Damned Thing.” I place the work in the historical context of the Modoc War of 1873 and the Ghost Dance revival of 1890, drawing connections between white American anxieties produced by these events and the anxieties experienced by protagonist Hugh Morgan in response to the titular creature. Furthermore, I examine the ways in which Bierce’s use of ecogothic tropes and landscapes—most notably, the field of wild oats in which Morgan meets his demise—simultaneously conceals and reveals a guilt over the recent California genocide. Ultimately, I conclude that “The Damned Thing,” while ecophobic in nature, holds a buried recognition of wrongs done to indigenous North Americans, specifically those of California, and a fearful anticipation of retribution for these wrongs.

A Poetry Lesson

ABSTRACT What do we see when we observe an excellent English lesson? What’s going on in the room? Perhaps what stands out is a collaborative making of meanings inspired by stimulating texts. Perhaps what’s most important is an ever-deepening knowledge about, and facility with, the many ways that language works. Maybe what we’re seeing is a carefully sequenced preparation for future hurdles to be negotiated. Or a blend of all three. And perhaps, as this story suggests, there is more. Perhaps every English lesson is affected in all kinds of subtle and sometimes invisible ways by unconscious fears and desires and by half-remembered histories, the territory towards which a story – more easily than a piece of non-fiction – can gesture.

TRENDS LITERATURE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: «WORKING NOVEL», MINIMALISM, «NEW WAVE»

In Ukrainian literary studies, the idea was formed that «Western» literaturethe second half of the 20th century inherent aesthetics of postmodernism. However, the question arises: is this process homogeneous? Branching aesthetics of literary works 2 half of the 20th century is a scientific problem that needs to be understood. This is important because it requires a theoretical basis for the study of individual personalities / writers whose individual style have common points of intersection with general world artistic landmarks. The purpose of the article is to try to form a «system» of directions and currents of the the second half of the 20th century. This is the first approximation to a scientific problem. We used comparative-historical and typological methods, a systematic approach to achieve the purpose. In the postmodern era – the second half of the 20th century, the feeling of unconscious fear of the individual before the development of scientific technologies, before the nuclear threat is reflected. The trends of the «working novel», the current of «neorealism», the current of «new wave», the group of «minimalism» were formed in the literature of the the second half of the 20th century, they are not included in the discourse of postmodernism and post-avant-garde, because in these works there is a realistic chronotope. Here a new type of hero is formed and the moral and ethical problems of the «average» ordinary person, which does not succeed, are raised. The consciousness of the characters disintegrates, they are unable to comprehend either their ideas or the statements of others. They have no strength and energy at all. Boredom sometimes pushes them to action, which reflects the trends of the time. Intellectuals are presented as psychologically dead people who are incapable of anything, empty, doomed. The individualism of the hero raises the problem of isolation and disunity of people in a narrow domestic and broad historical context. The social problems of the «workers' novel», the «new wave», minimalism and neorealism contributed to the introduction and use of the border 20th-21th centuries by writers the realistic chronotope in the trend of «critical fiction»

Dynamics of leadership styles within the Ogoni and Ijaw movements in the Niger Delta

Much of the literature on the Niger Delta deals with the Ogoni and Ijaw groups together, as having common lived experiences within a shared geographical location. However, the nature of the leaderships led the two movements to adopt distinct strategies in their struggles against the Nigerian state and multinational oil companies. Successful collective action is often ascribed to effective leadership and to the employment of social identity to drive collective group behaviour. Building on the Comparative Case Studies approach, this article compares the nature of leadership within the two movements, and particularly the choices that led Ogoni leaders to preach nonviolence and Ijaw leaders to advocate violence. The article analyses the role of the leaders in determining the strategies adopted by the movements, and examines the importance of the psychological drivers of the collective narratives developed by the two groups of leaders in accounting for the different trajectories. These issues are investigated within the social and political psychological context utilising three axes of comparison — vertical, horizontal and transversal. Findings suggest that strategic choices are frequently based on charismatic leadership, particularly when group leaders are able to utilise a heightened awareness of identity, and on conscious and unconscious fears linking past and current threats.

Unmasking unconscious fear and derangement in the Plays of Francis Imbuga

Francis Davis Imbuga, one of the most prominent African playwrights of the 20th Century, employs diverse motifs to reveal the psyches of the characters in his works. This paper examines Imbuga's Betrayal in the City (1976), Man of Kafira (1984), and The Successor (1979) from Freudian and Jungian psychoanalytic perspectives, in order to deduce the central characters' unconscious fear and derangement in a world that is often devoid of freedom and justice. Specifically, the paper utilizes the postulations of Sigmund Freud on the unconsciousness as well as those of Carl Jung on self-archetypes. Characters' actions are considered as driven by Freudian unconscious and Jungian unconscious anima and animus-where the unconscious in fear reflects elites' greed and selfishness, while the unconscious in derangement mirrors repressed desire and guilt.

Dental Phobia, Summary of Information Published on this Term

Dental phobia in most published articles is defined as exaggerated Unconscious fear, mainly by the dentist, but also by dental procedures or dental instruments...

Instrumentality and influence of Fayol’s doctrine: history, politics and emotions in two post-war settings

Why does Administration Industrielle et Générale have a major status in the history of management thought? We argue that the rational reason for the enthusiasm for Fayol’s theory disguises the irrational and unconscious fears in societies for which the cool rationality of Fayol’s work offered a soothing balm. We discuss this in two different but relatively similar post-war settings—France in the 1920s, which saw the first major upsurge of interest in Fayol’s work, and the mid-twentieth century USA, where his work was rediscovered and attained canonical status. The reception to his work in the aftermaths of the two world wars prove particularly important in understanding how historico/politico/emotional affect influences the reception to a body of work. We suggest it is not the ideas themselves that were of prime importance, but how those ideas resonated with the historical, political and emotional context in which they were debated and taken up.