Unconscious Activity Research Articles

About the first publication of I.M. Sechenov. (To the 195th anniversary of his birth)

Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov is a Russian physiologist, a natural scientist, and the creator of the Russian physiological school. The classic work «Reflexes of the Brain», published in 1863, became revolutionary in its own way for medicine and society, since the reflex nature of conscious and unconscious activity was proved. Along with numerous well-known scientific works, there is an early student publication in the Moscow Medical Journal published by A. I. Polunin. It describes the medical history of a patient with a tumor who was unsuccessfully treated for a long time in accordance with the humoral theory of pathology. This publication makes it possible to understand why I. M. Sechenov became disillusioned with practical medicine, but found his vocation in the study of physiology. The article is devoted to the 195th anniversary of the birth of I. M. Sechenov.

Liaogan: A Folk Religious Practice in Northwest China

As the concluding activity of the Spring Festival in Northwest China, Liaogan is a distinctive local folk religious practice. This article, taking Qingyang City, Gansu Province, as a case study, employs anthropological fieldwork methods to present the entire process of the Liaogan ritual, trace its historical development and folk cultural connotations, and analysis the role of Liaogan in shaping social cohesion and the daily lives of Northwest people. The paper posits that Liaogan originates from humanity's shared belief in fire and the god of fire, representing a remnant of primitive religious beliefs. The purpose of Liaogan is to ward off evil, eliminate diseases and disasters, and fulfill people's hopes for a bountiful harvest. In this beautiful prayer process, a daily social function of purifying the soul and maintaining social relationships manifests itself in seemingly unconscious activities and continues to serve a symbolic social function in modern society.

Emersiology in Sport Science: The Unconscious Living Body in the Case of Corporeal Non-Property

ABSTRACT The implicit activities of the living body in sports (such as heart rate, involuntary gestures, stress, reflex, emotional regulation and interaction expressions) emerge in the consciousness of the lived body without our voluntary control. We demonstrate physiological emersion, and how, including in dramaturgical perception, physiological flows and processes collide with the image of a whole body. In this paper, we introduce corporeal non-property as the missing (?) link between phenomenology and neuroscience, renewed by research on the cerebral unconscious and the perception of their lived body. Rather than mindfulness, physical activity obliges the subject to learn the unconscious and his motor skills from his living body: a new psychoanalysis of sport is thus established by studying what emerges from the activity of the living body up to the level of the conscious description of motor action. In this paper, we explain why that awareness occurs, and why it matters for the understanding of unconscious activity of the athlete’s living body. This is potentially interesting, although it needs, as a theory, to overcome the obvious reliance of the body on unconscious or habitual/automated physiological processes. But the incorporation of body techniques forms a habitus.

(Un)consciousness-Raising, (Un)knowability, Lack and Spectrums of Solidarity: Discussion of “Unconsciousness-Raising”

ABSTRACT In this response, I address five selective arguments in relation to Malherbe’s thesis on the implication of the unconscious in the structuring of our political orientations and activities, and the importance of engaging in a process of unconsciousness-raising. First, I raise a seeming conceptual tension in his argument about the relationship between conscious and unconscious activity. Second, I highlight the challenge of occupying a range of subject positions and how their associated multiple unconscious lack(s) may compromise solidarity in political formations. Third, I suggest that surrendering individual unconscious needs to that of the group is a more troublesome process than we anticipate, as it is always ideologically contested, both consciously and unconsciously. Fourth, I argue that unconsciousness-raising is not in and of itself implicitly connected to a specific set of political goals, as the unconscious is not inherently politically partisan, and I consequently conclude with the suggestion that the very idea of solidarity is an unstable and dynamic construct and process.

Recalling Quranic Meanings and Textual Harmony in the Poem ``You taught me life'' and its Impact on Guiding the Behavior of Society

The research is concerned with the effect of Quranic meanings in directing society's behaviors through poetry, which in turn is an effective tool in purifying and refining the human soul. Whether in a direct way to adopt community issues or in a suggestive manner, and in an unconscious activity that attempts to mislead the reader about the direct intent of the poetic significance. Because of the value of poetry and its impact on man and his taste, ancient and modern, the Quranic meanings were embodied in the poem ``You taught me life'' by the poet ``Mohammed Mustafa Hamam Al-Masry.'' He is one of the first generations of poets in the modern era. The poem is well-known for its representation and recitation. However, this is due to the agility of its language and the follow-up of the Qur'anic meanings, which came spontaneously and smoothly, evoked by the ideas mixed with the sincerity of passion of the committed Arab poet. Moreover, this led to a phenomenon that contributed to the production of a coherent text, but we did not find any interest in analyzing this poem and identifying the secrets of creativity, and its deep values. Therefore, we will explore and analyze these aesthetic secrets and show how they were employed to build society because of the connotations they carried inspired by the Holy Qur'an, which is a method for building society. We will first clarify the terms used in the research, identify the writer of the poem and his literary product, and move on to the analytical techniques of recalling meanings. The Qur'anic implications, the aesthetics of quotation, and its value in achieving creativity and then revealing the empowerment of these meanings in the mind of the reader.
 Keywords: recall, Quranic meanings, harmony, taught me life

The Reality of The Father’s Archetype in Modern Indonesian Literature: Carl Jung’s Analytic Psychological Study

The purpose of this study is to describe the correlation between the results of literary research about the archetype symbol of the father complex with Jung's analytic psychological theory. Known literary works are concrete evidence of the existence of someone who tries to show his presence in the midst of social life which is full of symbols and myths. Based on the concept of the father complex that appears because of the archetypal characters, it has been clearly seen from the ancestors' time that an unconscious activity forms an adaptive psyche working system before the birth of consciousness and hereditary. This study uses a Literary Psychology approach. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with Jung's analytical psychology theory in studying the novels Koplak by Oka Rusmini and Ayah by Andrea Hirata. The research results can be seen through the four aspects of archetypes according to Jung: a father and a leader who is full of responsibility, a father and a wise man, a romantic and assertive father, and a brave father who is willing to sacrifice for his children. The concept of the father complex in the character of the father in the novel Koplak and Ayah has a difference in psychological conditions and social realities that are raised through stories. The implications of this research can be realized by realizing the concept of the father archetype which shows the existence of a basic personality in society in general.

The Neuro-Significance of the Human Faculty of the Will: Emphasizing and Understanding the Operations of the Will in Medical Science

Human life is a conglomeration of many operations working synchronistically in chaotic manner. What we refer to as conscious living has underneath it a series of unconscious activity that are well timed and effectively orchestrated to deliver. A good example is in the activity of white blood cells (WBCs), whose activity and action are triggered when there is a foreigner in the body. Their effectiveness has dubbed them the soldiers of the human body, responding to threats and seeking out ways to nullify any that has arisen, even when the human person is unconscious of the threat. We can cite many other examples to make concrete the assertion that the human life is a conglomeration of much operation working synchronistically in chaotic manner. However, what is important to this research at present is to ascertain the function of the human will in all that pertains to the human life. This is on the conscious plane (for the other cited example on WBCs, are on the unconscious plane). The human will (volition) is an operational faculty that is not attached to any specific organ in the body (albeit in the brain, since its expression is cognitively mediated); the human will is not a physically concrete, but its effect is however felt. Its domain is the conscious plane, and it is there that its effect is felt. The human person is a conscious determiner of his acts and even when medical (biological) science, consider this to be tied to the functioning of the brain; it is to be stated that the human person is not his brain. In consciously determining his acts, many cranial areas are employed; however, it is not these cranial areas that determine the eventual choice that is made. Thus there must be something else. The hypothesis in this research favors the will. This is what we seek to elaborate upon.

Evaluation of bacteriological contamination of palms of pupils in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Staff School, Benin City, Nigeria

Hands are the chief organs for physical manipulation of the environment. As a paired organ, the hand is controlled by the opposing brain hemisphere and enables one to all manner of conscious and unconscious activities. The hand serves as a medium for the propagation of microorganism from place to place and from one person to another. A well-structured questionnaire bothering on age, sex and parental social status of the pupils was administered to three hundred and sixty (360) respondents recruited for the purpose of this study in University of Benin Teaching Hospital Staff School (UBTHSS). The mean heterotrophic Bacterial Count ranged from 2.10±0.19 x 106 to 3.77±0.26 x 106 cfu/cm2. Total coliform count ranged from 0.88±0.08 x 106 to 2.08±0.18 x 106. November recorded the highest heterotrophic and coliform counts ranging from 2.70±0.24 x 106 to 3.77±0.26 x 106 cfu/cm2 and 1.14±0.11 x 106 to 2.08±0.18 x 106cfu/cm2. The male pupils had the highest Heterotrophic and coliform counts of 4.132 x106cfu/cm2 and 2.273x106cfu/cm2 against the female of 1.433x106cfu/cm2 and 0.667x106cfu/cm2. The mean heterotrophic bacterial counts of parental status ranged from 2.78±0.10 x 106 to 2.83±0.08 cfu/cm2 and total coliform counts of 1.24±0.05 x 106 to1.35±0.15 x 106. The mean Heterotrophic barial and coliform counts of age ranged from 2.51±0.74 x 106 to 3.38±0.15 x 106 cfu/cm2 and 0.59 -3.43 x 106 to 0.35 - 2.62 x 106cfu/cm2. A total of ten (10) Gram positive and negative bacterial were isolated in this study. The bacterial isolates with the highest frequency of occurrence were staphylococcus aureus and E.coli (12.00%), E.coli and the least frequency was salmonella enterica (7.3%). The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern showed that the bacteria isolates exhibits varying degree of resistance to the antibiotics before and after curing. The isolates were found to harbor plasmid of different sizes but below 1000bp.There was no plasmid after curing.

A STUDY ON GREEN ACCOUNTING AND IMPLEMENTATION EXAMPLES

İklim değişikliğinin ve insanoğlunun bilinçli veya bilinçsiz faaliyetlerinin doğa üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine daha fazla maruz kaldığımız son yıllarda işletmeler, sosyal sorumluluk anlayışları çerçevesinde doğayı bir paydaş olarak görmeye başlamışlardır. Özellikle çevresel sorunlara dikkat çeken işletme yönetimlerinin, düzenlemeler veya kısıtlamalar yoluyla doğayı koruma amaçlı faaliyetlere destek olma, enerji üretimi/tüketimi, açığa çıkan karbondioksit miktarı veya toprak/su/hava kirliliği gibi konularla yakından ilgilendikleri görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan işletmeler, içinde faaliyet gösterdikleri doğayı koruma veya kullanma amaçlarına yönelik ortaya çıkan önleyici, azaltıcı ve onarıcı bir takım çevresel ek maliyetlere katlanmaktadırlar. Bu noktada ortaya çıkan yeşil muhasebe uygulamaları, işletmelerin çevresel maliyetleri içselleştirmeleri gerekliliği üzerine dayanmaktadır. Yani, yeşil muhasebe veya bir diğer ismi ile çevre muhasebesi, işletmelerin normal üretim maliyetleri ile beraber çevresel maliyetleri faaliyetlerinin finansal sonuçlarına entegre etmeye çalışan bir muhasebe türüdür. Böylece, yeşil muhasebe uygulamalarıyla işletmelerin kaynak kullanımlarını ve eko-sistem üzerinde ortaya çıkan maliyetlerini de belirlemek mümkün olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, yeşil muhasebe ile ilgili güncel literatürü inceleyerek, çevre maliyetlerinin neler olduğunu, bu maliyetlerin mevcut muhasebe sistemi içinde nasıl yer alması gerektiğini ve nasıl muhasebeleştirilmesi gerektiğini örnekler üzerinden açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. İşletmelerin yürütmüş oldukları çevresel faaliyetler, kayıt altına alınsa dahi mevcut muhasebe sisteminde üretilen mali tablolardan bu faaliyetlerin neler olduğu bilgi kullanıcıları tarafından anlaşılamamaktadır. Bu yüzden çalışmada, çevresel maliyetlerin mevcut muhasebe sistemi içinde nasıl muhasebeleştirildiği açıklandıktan sonra, çevresel faaliyetleri tüm paydaşlar nezdinde izlenebilir kılacak öneriler getirilmiştir. Böylelikle işletmeler, muhasebenin temel kavramlarından biri olan sosyal sorumluluk kavramının gereğini de yerine getirmiş olacaktır. Çalışmanın, çevresel maliyetlerin tespit edilip muhasebeleştirilmesi ve ayrıca çevreye karşı daha duyarlı olunmasına yönelik farkındalık yaratması bakımından mevcut literatüre katkı sağlaması öngörülmektedir.

On the technological unconscious: thinking the (a)signifying production of subjects and bodies with sonographic imaging

ABSTRACT This paper develops the notion of the technological unconscious by engaging with the geographic relationship between technology and the production of subjectivity. Drawing upon research with the Alternate Anatomies Laboratory in Australia, the paper advances this relationship through an empirical encounter with sonographic imaging. Contributing to conceptualisations of the ways technologies participate in unconscious activity, in this paper ultrasound imaging (sonography) is turned to as one way to think about the enunciation of subjectivity that assists the ultrasound technician in homing-in to particular signifying and a-signifying semiotic cues. Rather than siding with broad understandings of the technological unconscious, the paper articulates the production of specific processes of the technological unconscious via machinic enunciation, which reveals ways of rethinking human-technology relationships through infra-sensible semiotic operations.

ActS – Service design based on human activity sets

PurposeThis paper aims to develop and apply a service design method that allows for stronger recognition and integration of human activities into the front-end stages of the service design process.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a discussion of different service design perspectives and activity theory, the paper develops a method called activity-set mapping (ActS). ActS is applied to an exploratory service design project to demonstrate its use.FindingsThree broad perspectives on service design are suggested: (1) the dyadic interaction, (2) the systemic interaction and (3) the customer activity perspectives. The ActS method draws on the latter perspective and focuses on the study of human activity sets. The application of ActS shows that the method can help identify and visualize sets of activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe ActS method opens new avenues for service design by zooming in on the micro level and capturing the set of activities linked to a desired goal achievement. However, the method is limited to activities reported by research participants and may exclude unconscious activities. Further research is needed to validate and refine the method.Practical implicationsThe ActS method will help service designers explore activities in which humans engage to achieve a desired goal/end state.Originality/valueThe concept of “human activity set” is new to service research and opens analytical opportunities for service design. The ActS method contributes a visualization tool for identifying activity sets and uncovering the benefits, sacrifices and frequency of activities.

Prerequisites for the formation of the human health paradigm

On the historical side, valeology consciously or, more often, unconsciously was a separate area of social activity and personal activity. Thus, unconscious valeological activity was characteristic of the prehistoric period in connection with the needs of survival, nurturance, protection, as well as a component of animistic ritual activity. Then the first valeological laws, traditions and rituals were born during the heyday of the first European and Asian civilizations, syncretism of medical and spiritual principles was observed (Antiquity, Eastern tradition). Subsequently, humanitarian activities separated from practical, which slowed down the development of protovaleology, especially in the Middle Ages. The beginning of the Renaissance marked the emergence of a holistic spiritual and natural paradigm of a man with the opportunity to comprehensively develop his spiritual and physical beginning, and the development of cities contributed to a significant increase in hygienic living conditions. The classical period of culture and philosophical thought gave rise to several approaches of moralizing, utopian, educational and idealistic nature. Man is the center of the world and his self-education at the end of the 19th century, with the advent of the positivist paradigm and the era of modernism in culture. However, on the territory of our state, as well as several others, at the beginning of the twentieth century, the socialist-realistic paradigm of human health reigned, attracting a citizen as an element of a totalitarian state of pre-mass ways of valeological activity - physical culture, mass sports, pre- conscription training, and labor activity. Valeology became a separate discipline and form of social consciousness only in the last decades of the twentieth century, after the final fall of colonial politics in the world.

Articulatory Evaluation Of Lingua Palatal Sounds In Denture Wearers – Pre And Post Comparison

Speech is an autonomous and unconscious activity. Its production involves a combination of phonation and articulation. Thus the aim of the study is to evaluate and compare linguo palatal sounds /ţ/, /d/, /tᶴ^/and /ᶴ^/ in three different groups like Group A individual with conventional complete dentures without palatine rugae, group B individual with conventional complete dentures with palatine rugae and Group C normal dentition individuals. A total of 20 individuals completely edentulous were selected in the age range of 50 to 65 years for the study. Control group consisted of10 individuals, with complete natural dentition in the same age group.4 Linguo-palatal phonemes in Kannada like /ţ/, /d/, /tᶴ^/and /ᶴ^/ were considered for the study and the target phonemes were identified in the initial and medial position of words of Kannada Articulation Test. The speech samples with target phonemes were analysed perceptually and acoustically by SLP software. Spectral parameters and temporal parameters were better in with palatal rugae denture than compared to without palatal rugae. Perceptual analysis reports showed many substitution errors with a conventional denture. To summarize, with customized rugae denture speech was clearer. To conclude, speech characteristic will be better after denture insertion compared to the edentulous stage.

Speech and behavioral contaminations as non-epileptic automatic behavior in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. More than two hundred years have passed since its description, but we still discover its new manifestations. Abnormal behaviors include impulse control disorders, dopamine dysregulation syndrome, psychotic disorders and others. However, two new phenomena have been recently described in patients with PD. It can manifest in the form of doing inappropriate actions which patient doesn't recognize, or pronouncing/writing unsuitable words and phrases. Patients can't remember such episodes, but find «signs» of their unconscious activity or hear about it from attestors. This article represents a review of literature on unrelated communication interlude and automatic behavior in Parkinson's disease and discusses its possible reasons.

Demystifying Role of Phonetics in Complete Denture

Speech, as formulated, perceived and decoded, is unique to humans. Speech is a learned process which makes use of the anatomical structures designed primarily for deglutition and respiration. The production of sounds requires selective modification and control of an outgoing air stream, which originates from the respiratory apparatus. Speech is a very sophisticated autonomous and unconscious activity. Speech in matured man in a learned habitual neuromuscular pattern which makes use of anatomical structures designed primarily for respiration and deglutition. Because oro-dental morphological features also may influence an individual speech, the dentist should therefore recognize the possible role of prosthetic treatment on speech activity. The loss of teeth and supporting structures alters the main articulatory cavity and produces a marked effect on the speech pattern proportionate to the location and magnitude of alterations. An empiric approach to the phonetic factor in denture construction frequently places the burden for compensating for speech changes for the adaptability of the tongue. Additionally, significant is the fact that the speech mechanism is highly susceptible to degenerative diseases. If dentures are to contribute effectively to the functions of speech, dentists should utilize studies in the speech science field to augment their clinical knowledge of the phonetic factor in denture construction.

Pilot study on geometrical movement in lucid dreams

In this pilot study a group of volunteer lucid dreamers were recruited to trace out specific simple symmetrical geometric structures, whilst lucid in their dreams. The experiment was a joint effort between the Dream Research Institute (DRI) in London, and Robert Waggoner, co-editor of the Lucid Dreaming Experience magazine (LDE). The purpose was to explore a hypothetical observation by psychotherapist Nigel Hamilton that psychotherapy clients who ultimately completed a balanced geometric movement in their non-lucid dream series, then experienced greater psychological balance and progress in therapy (Hamilton 2014). This novel pilot study sought to find whether tracing out simple symmetrical geometrical figures in the lucid dream produced any significant effect on or within the dream space. Two analytical methods, including a contents analysis revealed the significance of light/colour emerging in the dream imagery during the completion of the lucid dream exercises, as well as the addition of symbols of symmetry in the lucid dream imagery. By contrast, obstacles and a relative lack of colour/light appearing during the exercise tended to be associated with a lack of symmetry in the imagery and a greater difficulty in completing the geometric figures. Results also suggest that the lucid dreamer does not control the lucid dream, instead they influence the dream and frequently relate to unconscious activity in response.

Bone Loss in Bruxist Patients Wearing Dental Implant Prostheses: A Finite Element Analysis

Bruxism is an unconscious, involuntary and sustained motor activity that results in excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching that could affect patients’ implants and rehabilitations. The aetiology for bruxism remains unknown, but it is known to involve multiple factors. The literature lacks studies on the possible effect of implant morphology on the resistance of the bone-implant osseointegrated interface when bruxism is present. Our objective is to assess the mechanical response of the bone-implant interface in bruxist patients whose implant prostheses are subjected to parafunctional cyclic loading over a simulated period of 10 years. A comparison was carried out between two implant types (M-12 and Astra Tech), and a pattern of bone loss was established considering both the stress state and the cortical bone surface loss as the evaluation criteria. Numerical simulation techniques based on the finite element analysis method were applied in a dynamic analysis of the received forces, together with a constitutive model of bone remodelling that alters the physical properties of the bone. The simulated cortical bone surface loss at the implant neck area was 8.6% greater in the Astra implant than in the M-12 implant. Compared to the M-12 implant, the higher sustained stress observed over time in the Astra implant, together with the greater cortical bone surface loss that occurred at its neck area, may be related to the major probability of failure of the prostheses placed over Astra implants in bruxist patients.

Emersive Microperformativity

A performance art that focuses on physiological processes rather than on physical movements can be aptly described through the lens of micro-performativity combined with the analytical grid of emersiology, which aims to explain how unconscious and uncontrolled activities of the living human body surface. This paper demonstrates both the epistemological and aesthetic potential of these concepts by scrutinizing how French, Geneva-based performer Yann Marussich’s ‘immobile’ performance art challenges the very concept of a mesoscopic ‘body’ as a whole, delimited by the borders of its skin. His work dramatizes hardly perceptible micro-movements and physiological flows and offers a projection space where the internal work of the ‘body’ emerges, while stretching the usual perceptive parameters and increasing awareness for spatial micro-phenomena and temporal macro-phenomena—for the performer and the audience alike. Such art that can be qualified as emersive is the result of what the living body of the artist produces by micro-performative physiological phenomena, such as pain, breathing, blood flow or body posture. Emersion is a movement during which forms appear to spectators on the body’s surface, which externalize the artist’s internal sensations. In order to be activated, and to emerge up to consciousness by producing an aesthetic form, these micro-performative phenomena occur first and foremost by the immersion of the artist's body in constraining displays or devices.

An Analysis Of Rater Error In Recruitment And Selection Process Of IT Organizations

This paper attempts to study the extent to which rater error is prevalent in recruitment and selection process in Islamabad based Information Technology (IT) organizations. The study observed, evaluated and analyzed complete recruitment process of the 03 selected organizations to find out any conscious or unconscious activity of rater error during the selection process. The study employed qualitative research methodology in which whole selection process was monitored in person, all recruitment forms and documents were studied, unstructured interviews were conducted with the Chief Operating Officers, the Human Resource managers, the technical managers of the organizations and even the candidates. After thorough analysis, the findings of the study reveal that rater errors exist in all of the three organizations, influenced by several conscious and unconscious factors. Results show that stereotyping, halo effect, contrast effect, similarto- me effect and first impression effect were prevalent in the organizations which undermine the objective evaluation of candidates to a greater extent. The study recommends the organizations should pursue rater training programs of the all managers, executives involved in the recruitment process and conducting panel interviews for minimizing the rater errors.

THE EFFECT OF BIOFEEDBACK THERAPY FOR AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)

Biofeedback has been reported to reduce symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in several studies. Children affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have impairment of social interaction and demonstrate difficulty with emotional communication, display of posture and facial expression, with recognized relationships between postural control mechanisms and cognitive functions. Beside standard biomedical interventions and psychopharmacological treatments, there is increasing interest in the use of alternative non-invasive treatments such as biofeedback that could potentially modulate brain activity resulting in behavioral modification.
 Biofeedback therapy is a form of alternative medicine that involves measuring a patient’s quantifiable bodily functions such as sweat gland activity, skin temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and muscle tension, conveying the information to the patient in real time, this will arise the patient’s awareness and conscious control of their unconscious physiological activities. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of biofeedback as a method of treatment of the core symptoms of ASD.
 Keywords: Biofeedback, Autistic Spectrum Disorder