Uncommon Features Research Articles

A practical staging atlas to study embryonic development of Octopus vulgaris under controlled laboratory conditions

BackgroundOctopus vulgaris has been an iconic cephalopod species for neurobiology research as well as for cephalopod aquaculture. It is one of the most intelligent and well-studied invertebrates, possessing both long- and short-term memory and the striking ability to perform complex cognitive tasks. Nevertheless, how the common octopus developed these uncommon features remains enigmatic. O. vulgaris females spawn thousands of small eggs and remain with their clutch during their entire development, cleaning, venting and protecting the eggs. In fact, eggs incubated without females usually do not develop normally, mainly due to biological contamination (fungi, bacteria, etc.). This high level of parental care might have hampered laboratory research on the embryonic development of this intriguing cephalopod.ResultsHere, we present a completely parameter-controlled artificial seawater standalone egg incubation system that replaces maternal care and allows successful embryonic development of a small-egged octopus species until hatching in a laboratory environment. We also provide a practical and detailed staging atlas based on bright-field and light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging for precise monitoring of embryonic development. The atlas has a comparative section to benchmark stages to the different scales published by Naef (1928), Arnold (1965) and Boletzky (2016). Finally, we provide methods to monitor health and wellbeing of embryos during organogenesis.ConclusionBesides introducing the study of O. vulgaris embryonic development to a wider community, this work can be a high-quality reference for comparative evolutionary developmental biology.

Analysis and critical evaluation of structural features in four Cymbellaceae taxa from New Caledonia

Delicatophycus costei (Lange-Bertalot et Moser) Wynne, Cymbella bourrellyi Maillard, Cymbella latarea Maillard and Cymbella pernodensis Maillard are endemic to New Caledonia and show uncommon morphological features compared to the sensu stricto definition of their respective genus. Delicatophycus costei was described based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, confirming the generic LM diagnosis. However, the external view in SEM is atypical as both valve face and mantle are covered by longitudinal ribs, overlaying part of the zig-zag striae, generally accepted as the determinant generic feature. The three species of Cymbella have both apical pore fields and stigmata. However, they show some specific morphological features compared to the more classically shaped Cymbella species. Cymbella bourrellyi has a narrow hyaline area on the valve face and the areolae are bordered internally by small outgrowths. Cymbella pernodensis is distinguished by internal biseriate striae. The internal morphology of Cymbella latarea is characteristic in having typical biseriate striae and bisected apical pore fields. In these three species, internally, the stigmata are continuous with the striae and appear as simple and only weakly separated structures at the end of the striae. The three species are also characterized by differences in the number of areola rows per stria externally and internally.

Characterization of the signature of peripheral innate immunity in women with later-life major depressive disorder

The prevalence of depression in later life is higher in women than in men. However, the sex difference in the pathophysiology of depression in elderly patients is not fully understood. Here, we performed gene expression profiling in leukocytes of middle-aged and elderly patients with major depressive disorder, termed later-life depression (LLD) in this context, and we characterized the sex-dependent pathophysiology of LLD.A microarray dataset obtained from leukocytes of patients (aged ≥50 years) with LLD (32 males and 39 females) and age-matched healthy individuals (20 males and 24 females) was used. Differentially expressed probes were determined by comparing the expression levels between patients and healthy individuals, and then functional annotation analyses (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, Reactome pathway analysis, and cell-type enrichment analysis) were performed.A total of 1656 probes were differentially expressed in LLD females, but only 3 genes were differentially expressed in LLD males. The differentially expressed genes in LLD females were relevant to leukocyte extravasation signaling, Tec kinase signaling and the innate immune response. The upregulated genes were relevant to myeloid lineage cells such as CD14+ monocytes. In contrast, the downregulated genes were relevant to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.Remarkable innate immune signatures are present in the leukocytes of LLD females but not males. Because inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of depression, the altered inflammatory activity may be involved in the pathophysiology of LLD in women. In contrast, abnormal inflammation may be an uncommon feature in LLD males.

Clinical characteristic of esophageal cancer without lugol-voiding lesions in the background esophagus.

Lugol chromoendoscopy is useful for the detection of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Multiple lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) on lugol chromoendoscopy are associated with a very high risk of multiple cancers arising in the esophagus. Due to the widespread use of narrow band image technology in many institutions, esophageal cancer without LVLs in the background esophagus is sometimes detected. This retrospective study aims to clarify the clinical characteristic of esophageal cancer without LVLs inthe background esophagus. A total of 191 consecutive patients with 204 ESCCs had undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from 2011 and 2014. Amongst these lesions, the number of LVLs in the background esophagus per endoscopic view was counted excluding main lesion, and the grading was divided into no LVLs ESCC (nL-ESCC) group and LVLs ESCC (L-ESCC) group. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and the cumulative incidence of metachronous ESCC after ESD in both groups. Thirty-six patients with 36 lesions and 155 patients with 168 lesions were separated into the nL-ESCC group and L-ESCC group, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the nL-ESCC group was found to be more common in females, who were non-drinkers, or with erosive esophagitis. During follow-up periods, the cumulative incidence of metachronous ESCC at 3-years was 14.4% and 0.00% in the L-ESCC and nL-ESCC groups, respectively (P<0.01). Our study showed that esophageal cancer without LVLs in the background esophagus was mostly occurred in females, who were non-drinkers, or with erosive esophagitis, which are uncommon features of ESCC.

Sentiment aggregation of targeted features by capturing their dependencies: Making sense from customer reviews

Ideation is an important phase in the new product development process at which product designers innovate and select novel ideas that can be added as features to an existing product. One way to find novel ideas is to transfer uncommon features of products of other domains and integrate them into the product to be improved. However, before incorporating such targeted features into the product, they need to be evaluated against the customers’ acceptance in social media using sentiment aggregation tools. Despite the many studies in sentiment analysis, mapping the customers’ opinions towards both high-level and technical features of a product extracted from social media to their best corresponding component in that product is still a challenge. Furthermore, none of the existing approaches ascertains the sentiment value of a targeted feature by capturing its dependencies on other features. In this paper, to address these drawbacks, we propose the sentiment aggregation framework for targeted features (SA-TF). SA-TF determines the sentiment of a targeted feature by assisting product designers in the tasks of mapping the features discussed in the reviews to the right product components, sentiment aggregation and considering feature dependencies to determine their polarity. The superiority of the different phases of SA-TF is demonstrated with experiments and comparing it with an existing approach.

Recent Catalytic Applications of (Cyclopentadienone)iron Complexes

(Cyclopentadienone)iron complexes (CICs) are attractive pre‐catalysts due to their easy preparation and robustness, which are uncommon features in homogeneous iron catalysis. They represent a striking example of how deeply a non‐innocent ligand may affect the catalytic properties of the metal. Swinging between the cyclopentadienone and the hydroxycyclopentadienyl form, the ligand induces iron to engage in H2 heterolytic cleavage and transfer. The latter represents the basis for numerous applications of CICs in redox chemistry (multiple bond reduction, alcohol oxidation) and “hydrogen borrowing” processes (e.g., alcohol amination) that have been reported over the last few years. Moreover, very recently catalytic applications of CICs in different types of reactivity (where again the non‐innocent ligand plays a key role), have appeared in the literature. This minireview summarizes the advancements that have been made in the field of CICs and their catalytic applications in the period 2014–2019.

KBG syndrome: Common and uncommon clinical features based on 31 new patients.

KBG syndrome (MIM #148050) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, distinct craniofacial anomalies, macrodontia of permanent upper central incisors, skeletal abnormalities, and short stature. This study describes clinical features of 28 patients, confirmed by molecular testing of ANKRD11 gene, and three patients with 16q24 deletion encompassing ANKRD11 gene, diagnosed in a single center. Common clinical features are reported, together with uncommon findings, clinical expression in the first years of age, distinctive associations, and familial recurrences. Unusual manifestations emerging from present series include juvenile idiopathic arthritis, dysfunctional dysphonia, multiple dental agenesis, idiopathic precocious telarche, oral frenula, motor tics, and lipoma of corpus callosum, pilomatrixoma, and endothelial corneal polymorphic dystrophy. Facial clinical markers suggesting KBG syndrome before 6 years of age include ocular and mouth conformation, wide eyebrows, synophrys, long black eyelashes, long philtrum, thin upper lip. General clinical symptoms leading to early genetic evaluation include developmental delay, congenital malformations, hearing anomalies, and feeding difficulties. It is likely that atypical clinical presentation and overlapping features in patients with multiple variants are responsible for underdiagnosis in KBG syndrome. Improved knowledge of common and atypical features of this disorder improves clinical management.

SAT-331 HEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN FIRST THREE MONTHS POST RENAL TRANSPLANTATION: A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY FROM NORTH EAST INDIA

Renal transplantation(RT) in renal failure improves patients' quality of life. 20%–63% of RT recipients will experience at least one episode of leukopenia. RT recipients show the lowest platelet count within the first 3 months after transplantation. It is in this period that patients receive induction therapy and higher doses of conventional immunosuppressive drugs to prevent or treat acute rejection. Cytopenia may result due to drug toxicity, drug interactions, viral infections, or immune-mediated reactions. Several drugs may cause cytopenia within the 1st month after RT. Discontinuation or substitution of offending drugs will be helpful in treating thrombocytopenia. Leukopenia in transplanted patients increases the risk of infection. In drug induced cytopenia, the most effective measure is dose reduction or discontinuation of precipitant drug; however, this strategy may increase the risk of acute rejection. Objective: This study assessed incidence, etiology and severity of various forms of hematological abnormalities within the first three months after kidney transplantation. This retrospective study was conducted on kidney transplant recipients from Guahati Medical College and Hospital, Assam for 5 years from Jan'13 to Dec'18. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of patients within the first three months after transplantation were collected and reviewed. Strategies like medication dose adjustment, cytomegalovirus infection or G-CSF administration for management of drug-induced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were also reviewed. Inclusion criteria: All kidney transplant recipients. Exclusion criteria: Patients without voluntary written consent, known haematological disease and thrombocytopenia due to ABMR. 44 kidney transplant recipients (37 males and 7 females) with mean age of 33.4 ±14.4 years old who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The most common causes of renal failure among these patients were CGN(38.1% of cases), DM (33.5% of cases), chronic tubulointestitial disease (20.4%) and hypertension (8%). Of these 44 patients, 7 (15.93%) received rATG, 5 (11%) IL2R as induction therapy. All patient received IS agents consisting of CSA/Tacrolimus, MMF and steroid. There wasno significant difference between these groups regarding demographic and clinical data. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and VGV were routinely given to all recipients as prophylaxis. Of 44 patients, 5(11.3%), 16(36.3%) and 7(15.9%) patients experienced leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia respectively. Leucopenia occurred more commonly among patients with thymoglobulin-containing regimen. Pancytopenia was observed in patients who received rATG, MMF, VGV and TMP-SMX. 5 patients received basiliximab as induction agent and did not develop cytopenia. The total administered dose of rATG in patients with leukopenia showed no significant difference in comparison to patients without leucopenia. Hematological abnormalities are not an uncommon feature amongst kidney transplant recipients. Choice of appropriate induction therapy, immunosupressive agent and prophylactic agents can minimize the hematological abnormalities in kidney transplant recipients.

Sustainability of digital humanities projects as a publication and documentation challenge

PurposeThis paper proposes a new perspective on the enormous and unresolved challenge to existing practices of publication and documentation posed by the outputs of digital research projects in the humanities, where much good work is being lost due to resource or technical challenges.Design/methodology/approachThe paper documents and analyses both the existing literature on promoting sustainability for the outputs of digital humanities projects and the innovative approach of a single large-scale project.FindingsThe findings of the research presented show that sustainability planning for large-scale research projects needs to consider data and technology but also community, communications and process knowledge simultaneously. In addition, it should focus not only on a project as a collection of tangible and intangible assets, but also on the potential user base for these assets and what these users consider valuable about them.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusions of the paper have been formulated in the context of one specific project. As such, it may amplify the specificities of this project in its results.Practical implicationsAn approach to project sustainability following the recommendations outlined in this paper would include a number of uncommon features, such as a longer development horizon, wider perspective on project results, and an audit of tacit and explicit knowledge.Social ImplicationsThese results can ultimately preserve public investment in projects.Originality/valueThis paper supplements more reductive models for project sustainability with a more holistic approach that others may learn from in mapping and sustaining user value for their projects for the medium to long terms.

A new Corydoras (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) with an unusual sexual dimorphism from the rio Juruena basin, Brazil.

A new Corydoras is described from the rio Juruena system, upper rio Tapajós drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new Corydoras is distinguished from all congeners by presenting a combination of a conspicuous broad vertical dark bar on head, at the level of the eye (mask), an overall light background color without large blotches or stripes on body or fins, the presence of two to four small dark blotches along the midline, and pectoral spine with antrorse serrations on its posterior margin. Males of the new species possess numerous, well-developed odontodes over the lateral portions of head, pectoral girdle, and pectoral spines, an uncommon feature for the genus. The new species is hypothesized to belong, within the genus Corydoras, either to Lineage 6 or Lineage 9.

First Report of Botrytis cinerea Causing Leaf Spot on Strawberry in California

On 29 October 2018, a leaf spot disease was observed on strawberry leaves (Fragaria × ananassa Duch., cultivar Portola) on organically grown plants in high plastic tunnels in Santa Maria, California. Symptoms consisted of circular lesions measuring 2 to 3 cm in diameter, concentric rings with a darker brown outer ring and fungal sporulation in the center of the lesion. The diseased leaf sample was surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, rinsed thrice in sterile water, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) after drying. The resulting culture produced conidia that were hyaline and round to ellipsoid (8 to 14 × 5 to 8 µm, n = 50) and sclerotia that were hard, dark, round to oblong, and measured 2 to 12 × 2 to 9 mm (n = 50). Based on its morphological characteristics in culture, the isolate was putatively identified as Botrytis cinerea (Hong et al. 2001; Jarvis 1977). The isolate produced an average of 133 sclerotia per Petri dish (100 × 15 mm; n = 3) with PDA, an uncommon feature of B. cinerea isolates from strawberry. Koch’s postulates were performed using two inoculation methods: (i) Botrytis agar plug on leaf; and (ii) conidial suspension on leaf. Leaf inoculations used a spore suspension containing 1 × 10⁶ conidia/ml and were replicated three times. Leaf inoculations using an agar plug or spore suspension were allowed to dry, misted with water, and covered with a plastic bag to maintain continuous moisture. Agar-plug inoculated leaves produced symptoms in 4 days, whereas the spore-suspension inoculations produced symptoms in 9 days. Leaf symptoms matched those observed in the field. The pathogen was reisolated from symptomatic tissue, and its morphological features matched those of the original culture. In both inoculation methods, the noninoculated controls did not result in any disease symptoms. Cross pathogenicity to leaves using an isolate of B. cinerea collected from fruit was successful in causing foliar disease, but symptoms lacked concentric rings. To determine the fungal species, total genomic DNA of five subcultures of the original field isolate was extracted using a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen). The heat shock protein (HSP60) (Hsp60for+/Hsp60 rev+ primers), RNA polymerase II-binding (RPB2) (RPB2for+/RPB2 rev+ primers), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) (G3PDHfor+/G3PDH rev+ primers) genes were amplified (Staats et al. 2004). The PCR amplicons were purified and sequenced. The sequences were processed using BLAST in the National Center for Biotechnology, and results showed 100% homology with the HSP60 (MH796663), RPB2 (MH479932), and G3PDH (MH479930) sequence for isolates of B. cinerea. The sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MK919494 (HSP60), MK919495 (RPB2), and MK919496 (G3PDH). B. cinerea is a common pathogen of strawberry fruit and can cause gray mold, postharvest rot, and dry crown rot but has not been reported as causing a leaf spot. This disease is rare and considered of minor significance to strawberry production. However, it could be of greater significance in protected culture where humidity is higher. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing strawberry leaf spot in California or elsewhere.

Rare Case of Lipomatous Mixed Tumor With Follicular Differentiation

Cutaneous mixed tumors are adnexal neoplasms characterized by a mixture of epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components of varying proportions. The diagnosis may be of little challenge when chondroid or myxoid components are dominant. However, there are variants of the cutaneous mixed tumor where more uncommon features predominate, making the diagnosis more challenging. Here, we present a case of a rare variant of the cutaneous mixed tumor with extensive adipocytic and follicular differentiation. This is the second case of such a tumor reported to literature to our knowledge.

Reproductive variables of Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864 (Pisces: Characidae), an endangered commercial species

In Brazil, fishing in continental waters is prohibited from November to February, the rainy season, when most commercially important fish species are reproductively active. Brycon nattereri is a native species to the Paraná, Tocantins, and São Francisco River basins in Brazil and is on the national list of species threatened with extinction. The goal of this study was to analyse the main reproductive variables of B. nattereri from the Lourenço Velho River, located in the Paraná River basin, south-eastern Brazil. From 2013–2016, 326 specimens (156 females and 170 males) were caught bimonthly using gill nets. Biometric data, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and fecundity were determined for each specimen. The gonadal maturation stages and the breeding season were established. There were relatively greater GSI values for males and average values were similar to those of females, an uncommon feature in Neotropical freshwater fish. The greatest frequencies of mature fish occurred from April to July in the dry season, which is when there are least ambient temperatures. The fecundity for body weight varied from 16,300 to 62,800 oocytes per female and fully developed vitellogenic oocytes had a mean diameter of 1175 ± 278.87 μm. These results indicate that B. nattereri breeds in the dry season when the water temperature is colder and, therefore, protection from fishing of this species during this season needs to be established.

Recent developments in conducting polymers: applications for electrochemistry.

Scientists have categorized conductive polymers as materials having strongly reversible redox behavior and uncommon combined features of plastics and metal. Because of their multifunctional characteristics, e.g., simplistic synthesis, acceptable environmental stability, beneficial optical, electronic, and mechanical features, researchers have largely considered them for diverse applications. Therefore, their capability of catalyzing several electrode reactions has been introduced as one of their significant features. A thin layer of the conducting polymer deposited on the substrate electrode surface can augment the electrode process kinetics of several solution species. Such electrocatalytic procedures with modified conducting polymer electrodes can create beneficial utilization in diverse fields of applied electrochemistry. This review article explores typical recent applications of conductive polymers (2016–2020) as active electrode materials for energy storage applications, electrochemical sensing, and conversion fields such as electrochemical supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells.

Ankle arthroscopy–assisted closed reduction in Bosworth fracture dislocation

The Bosworth fracture dislocation is a rare type of ankle fracture and is usually unrecognized on initial radiographs, therefore early open reduction is recommended. This study reports a 51-year-old female with uncommon imaging and clinical features. Preoperative X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle showed posterior detached dislocation of the intact distal fibula, the loose osteochondral fragments located in the tibiotalar joint, and the rupture of the deltoid ligament. Due to the initial infected wound on the severely swollen ankle, delayed arthroscopy-assisted closed reduction and internal fixation, removal of loose bodies, and repair of the deltoid ligament were performed, 19 days after injury. Postoperative imaging, including the X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, demonstrated the anatomic reduction of the ankle joint. After 6 months of follow-up, the patient gained a pain-free motion of the ankle with a range of passive 10° dorsiflexion and 40° plantar flexion, and resumed her normal gait and activity. This report indicates that the detached posterior dislocation of the intact distal fibula is a rare variant of the Bosworth fracture dislocation, and suggests that arthroscopy-assisted closed reduction and removal of loose osteochondral fragments in joint space are useful technique for this special type of the Bosworth lesions.

The Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 – A Case Series

COVID-19 has rapidly evolved since it was first reported and has proven to be a fatal infective process. The last several months have been challenging for the medical community as we try to understand the complexities of this virus. Clinicians have attempted to assess the most common presenting symptoms based on reported cases. The purpose of this study was to help understand how COVID-19 presents itself when the neurological system is involved. This case series describes the common and uncommon neurological manifestations of COVID-19. By doing so, we hope to provide clinicians with additional information to help diagnose COVID-19 in this unprecedented time and to also be wary of the uncommon presenting features.

Cystic airspaces associated with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Sir, We retrospectively reviewed chest computed tomography (CT) images of 43 adult nonsmoking patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia. All patients' COVID-19 diagnoses were confirmed by positive results of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays of specimens collected on nasopharyngeal swabs. The patients underwent chest CT in March/April 2020 at a private hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at a median of 7 (range, 3–13) days after symptom onset. No patient was on mechanical ventilation at the time of the CT examination. Our Institutional Review Board approved the study, and all patients provided written informed consent. Although several reports have described CT features of COVID-19-related pneumonia, few have highlighted the presence of cystic changes,[1234] manifesting as small air-containing spaces associated with other findings in the lung parenchyma. Cystic airspaces associated with COVID-19–related pneumonia have been described as the air bubble sign,[1] vacuoles,[2] round cystic changes,[3] and the cavity sign.[4] All reports on them describe their intermingling with areas of lung parenchyma infiltrates. We observed small cystic airspaces in the subpleural region and along the peribronchovascular interstitium in infiltrated lung areas in our series [Figure 1]. Thirteen (30.2%) patients presented cystic changes; five (11.6%) patients had cystic airspaces only in the subpleural region and along the peribronchovascular interstitium, and eight (18.6%) patients had cystic airspaces admixed with areas of opacity in the lung parenchyma. Most air-containing spaces had diameters <5 mm, and these spaces were distributed predominantly in the lower lobes. Figure 1: (a) Axial computed tomography image showing a small, round air-containing area (arrow) within ground-glass opacities in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe in a 56-year-old male with COVID-19 pneumonia. (b) Axial computed tomography image showing mild peripheral ground-glass opacities in the left upper lobe of a 64-year-old male with COVID-19 pneumonia. Small subpleural cystic airspaces (arrows) are also present. (c and d) Axial computed tomography images showing ground-glass opacities in the left lower lobe of a 48-year-old male with COVID-19 pneumonia. Note also the presence of tiny cystic airspaces (arrows) along the peribronchovascular interstitiumThe pathophysiology of these cystic airspaces in areas of infiltrates remains unclear. Shi et al.[3] suggested that they can be explained by infection-generated damage to the alveolar walls, which leads to pneumatoceles. Ye et al.[1] hypothesized that they are related to physiological space dilation, are cross-sections of bronchiolectasis, or are associated with consolidation resorption. Zhou et al.[2] observed cystic airspaces (which they referred to as vacuolar signs) often in the advanced phase of COVID-19 pneumonia (8–14 days after symptom onset), associated with interstitial involvement and accompanied by repair changes. Other authors[56] have described the development of bulla or emphysema in consolidation areas. We assume that the cystic airspaces may be related to small bulla or emphysema. Cystic airspaces associated with areas of opacity have not been described often in association with other viral infections. Thus, their presence in areas of infiltrates in association with other features of COVID-19 pneumonia may increase the specificity of the diagnosis in patients for whom confirmatory testing has not been performed. In addition, the rupture of cysts, although rare, may cause spontaneous pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum. In conclusion, air-containing spaces in the lungs are not uncommon CT features of COVID-19–related pneumonia. They may occur in the subpleural region and along the peribronchovascular interstitium in areas of infiltrates. Radiologists should be aware that these cystic changes may be present in association with other features suggestive of COVID-19-related pneumonia. Inappropriate epidemiological and clinical settings, these findings may aid diagnosis. Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

About the origin of the large Stokes shift in aminoalkyl substituted heptamethine cyanine dyes.

Aminoalkyl-substituted heptamethine cyanine dyes are characterized by a large Stokes shift, an uncommon feature for cyanine molecules yet very promising for their application as fluorescent probes in bioimaging and as light harvesting antennas in biohybrid systems for solar energy conversion. The origin of this photophysical feature has not been adequately explored so far, and a combined experimental and theoretical work is herein provided to shed light on the role played by the central aminoalkyl substituent bound to the heptamethine cyanine backbone in defining the unusual properties of the dye. The spectra recorded in solvents of different polarities point to a marginal role of the medium in the definition of the Stokes shift, which conversely can be ascribed to the relaxation of the molecular geometry upon photoexcitation. This hypothesis is supported by an extensive theoretical investigation of the ground and excited states of the dye. TD-DFT results on the aminoalkyl-substituted dye and its unsubstituted precursor demonstrate a very similar cyanine-like structure for both molecules in the relaxed excited state. Conversely, in the ground state the amino substitution disrupts the conjugation in the polymethine chain, leading to a broken-symmetry, non-planar structure.

Scientific organization of labor in post-revolutionary Russia: role and specificity

This article carries out an analysis of the national tradition of scientific organization of labor due to the established epistemic situation in post-revolutionary Russia of the 1920&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ndash; 1930&amp;rsquo;s. Based on clarification of Bolsheviks&amp;rsquo; views on labor and its organization, an idea is formulated that the Soviet model of labor rationality was characterized by the unique sociocultural meaning, as it acquired rather uncommon features for the history of organizational thought. It is demonstrated that in many instances it was substantiated not only by the political agenda. In the conducted society the author refers to the concept of &amp;ldquo;repair society&amp;rdquo; applicable to post-revolutionary Russia, as well as pitches an idea that the proposed by the Bolsheviks goals and objectives on scientific organization of labor, unlike such in the Western scientific management, carried a reconstructive character. In this sense, labor and its organization in eyes of the Soviet society were associated primarily with the repair or restoration of either things, technology, household or social ties. The reconstructive meaning of the Soviet model of labor rationality is clarified through explication of the content of fundamental ideas and experiments of the Bolsheviks pertaining to organization of social life, working process, industry and individual traits of a person.

Knowing the unknown in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An observational study.

Conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is relatively easy to diagnose on histopathology, as it comprises dysplastic epithelial cells with variable degrees of squamous differentiation. Different grading systems have been employed in grading OSCC based on its dysplastic features and host response. Some unusual features such as clear cell change, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stromal hyalinization, stromal desmoplasia, perineural invasion, vascular invasion, tissue eosinophilia, giant cells, and tertiary lymphoid follicle formation are evident in OSCC histologically but have not yet been accounted in any grading systems of OSCC except perineural and vascular invasion. The aim of the present study was to identify these uncommon features and to correlate them with different grades of OSCC.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted on 100 histopathologically confirmed OSCC cases retrieved from the archives of our department. They were graded on the basis of Broder's grading system and were reviewed for the features mentioned above. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Clear cell change, EMT, foreign body giant cells, and tumor giant cells were observed in 13%, 20%, 1%, and 3% of cases, respectively. We found stromal desmoplasia in 15% and stromal hyalinization in 9% of cases. Tissue eosinophilia, tertiary lymphoid follicle formation, and perineural invasion were observed in 12%, 3%, and 2% of cases, respectively. Vascular invasion was not evident in any of the cases examined. The incidence of the unusual features was 7.8% in our study.