Environmental Uncertainty Research Articles

Research on the Influence of Firm Digital Intelligence Transformation and Management Innovation on Performance and Sustainable Development: Empirical Evidence from China

From the perspective of firm capability, this study explores the impact of digital intelligence transformation and management innovation on the performance and sustainable development of Chinese firms. On the basis of constructing an evaluation index system of firm digital intelligence transformation and management innovation, a comprehensive evaluation model of firm digital intelligence transformation and management innovation is constructed via the analytic network process (ANP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Taking Chinese film and television firms as an example, this study selects 160 data samples from 85 firms and constructs a structural equation model to empirically analyze the impact of digital intelligence transformation and management innovation on the performance of firms. The study results show that, in the context of digitalization and intelligence, firm digital intelligence capability and dynamic capability have a significant positive effect on firm performance. Firm digital intelligence transformation and management innovation directly impact performance and can play a role through firm digital intelligence capability and dynamic capability as intermediaries, and the chain intermediary effect of digital intelligence capability and dynamic capability is significant. The research results show that firm digital intelligence and dynamic capabilities provide a functional path for firm digital intelligence transformation and management innovation to improve performance. Moreover, the innovative application of digital intelligence technology has an important impact on the sustainable development of firms. Digital transformation and management innovation can help firms enhance their ability to manage environmental uncertainties, improve firm performance and foster the achievement of sustainable development goals.

RELATIONSHIP OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN THE HOSPITALITY SECTOR: THE SEARCH FOR OPTIMAL STRATEGIES

Optimal strategies are a key lever for business success in the current difficult conditions, and the hospitality sector is no exception. The aim of the study was to determine how management practices affect economic indicators in the hospitality sector.The research employed methods of regression and correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics analysis. Cost management was found to have a positive effect on the Return on Assets (ROA) (0.088) and the Occupancy Rate (0.191).The analysis showed that the factor of staff training investment has a positive but weak effect on the return on assets (0.068) and the utilization rate (0.005). It was identified that the seasonality factor also has a positive effect on the utilization rate (0.510). The market competition factor was found to have a slight negative effect on the profitability of assets (-0.018) and the utilization rate (-0.009). Key financial management tools such as the development of a detailed budget and regular updating of business financial forecasts are identified. Emphasis is placed on the importance of managing cash flows to ensure the necessary liquidity and planning short-term financial needs. Optimization of the tax burden through the use of tax benefits as an element of financial management in difficult business conditions is proposed. Further research will focus on the impact of digitalization on optimal business strategies and their impact on the main economic indicators in the hospitality sector in view of increased uncertainty in the business environment.

Stability Analysis of Innovation Collaboration between Commercial Banks and Fintech Companies

Recently, there has been an increasing trend among commercial banks to collaborate with fintech companies in order to promote corporate innovation. However, due to the uncertainty and turbulence of the business environment, it is difficult for the collaborators to generate full trust to integrate knowledge and resources. Innovation collaboration often suffers from instability. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the stability of innovation collaboration and clarify the path of collaboration evolution. Based on prospect theory and evolutionary game theory, this study first establishes an evolutionary game model between commercial banks and fintech companies (fintechs), and analyses the factors influencing the stability of their collaboration. The findings indicate that the benefits and costs of innovation collaboration, the fairness of income distribution, the complementarity of knowledge and technology, the synergy of collaboration, and the perceived value of gains and losses by partners all influence the stability of innovation collaboration. This study’s findings provide valuable guidance for banks and fintech companies to balance the benefits and costs of collaboration and improve the stability of collaboration. In the future, the government will be considered as a new game player, and bilateral relations will be considered as a new mode of collaboration in studying the stability of innovation collaboration.

Enhanced operational modal analysis and change point detection for vibration-based structural health monitoring of bridges

One of the most promising uses of vibration-based structural health monitoring (VBSHM) in bridge damage detection is the tracking of modes through long-term repeated or continuous operational modal analysis (OMA). Any shifts in modal parameters over time can signal structural damage. However, in real-world applications, noise and environmental uncertainties introduce variability in the data, potentially obscuring damage-related changes. To address this, it is essential to establish and understand the temporal trends and behavior of the estimated modal parameters, enabling accurate interpretation of the engineering data. This paper presents a detailed study focusing on data-driven techniques to improve the OMA results by determining the causes of modal variability and establishing modal models to filter out these known causes of variability. It explores the use of data continuously collected over a period of one month in November 2017 on the Confederation Bridge in eastern Canada. Operational modal analysis is conducted to extract modal frequencies and mode shapes, revealing correlations with environmental and operational factors such as wind, temperature and vehicular traffic. A novel approach using the residuals from regression modal models for damage detection is proposed, utilizing a change point detection algorithm. Results indicate the potential to detect shifts in modal frequencies corresponding to damage scenarios, at lower levels than was previously possible, highlighting the feasibility of using enhanced modal features for sensitive damage identification. Overall, the paper contributes to advancing the understanding of variability in vibration-based structural health monitoring and presents a promising practical technique for improving damage detection results using enhanced operational modal estimates in realistic field applications of a real-world structure.

헬스케어 공급망 리스크 주요 이슈 분석: 뉴스기사를 중심으로

This study investigates the major risk issues and their causes in healthcare supply chains, using network analysis and qualitative analysis of news media publications, and then proposes response and operational strategies for managing healthcare supply chain risks. We divided our study into two time periods for a comparative analysis of key risk issues in different degrees of environmental uncertainty. The year 2020 marked the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first period of our analysis is four years covering 2016-2019, prior to COVID-19 disruptions. The second period is also four years during 2020-2023 when the full force of COVID-19 disruptions affected healthcare supply chains. The keywords used to collect news media publications were “healthcare,” “healthcare industry,” “healthcare services,” “hospital,” “health center,” and “medicine.” The results of the study indicated that the major risks experienced in healthcare supply chains were due to the following factors: the type of patients who needed healthcare services, care services provided (lab tests, treatment, prescriptions, etc.), care service methods used (surgery, utilization of medical devices), and examination and diagnostics (clinical kits, etc.). While these factors were identified as possible causes of risk in the healthcare supply chains involving procurement of supplies and raw materials, these risks tend to intensify in the increased disruption period (year 2020-2023). Managing these risk issues in the disruptive periods contributes significantly not only to the performance of healthcare organizations but also to the well-being of the society at large. This study offers theoretical implications in that it analyzes the causes of risks in the healthcare supply chains and provides a basis for a comparative analysis of the relationships of risk factors in healthcare supply chains during a normal environment and a very disruptive environment. From a practical perspective, this study suggests effective countermeasures for managing healthcare supply chain risks with examples that can be used as a guideline by healthcare executives, managers, and policy-makers of healthcare services.

PENGARUH STRATEGI BISNIS DAN KETIDAKPASTIAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the influence of business strategy and environmental uncertainty. This research was conducted by analyzing business performance in MSMEs in Cibodas District, Tangerang City. This type of research is quantitative and associative using primary data in the form of distributing questionnaires to MSME business actors. Sampling used the slovin sampling technique with the results of 88 MSME business actors. The variables used in this study are Business Strategy as the first independent variable and Environmental Uncertainty as the second independent variable and Business Performance as a bound variable. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis tests and hypothesis testing using the help of SPSS 25 software. The results of this study state that business strategy and environmental uncertainty simultaneously and partially affect business performance

Resolving sustainable development conflicts caused by vinyl leakage accidents in the USA: From the perspective of graph model under fuzzy preferences with self-confidence

On February 3, 2023, a railroad accident led to the release and combustion of 115,580 gallons of vinyl chloride monomer in East Palestine, Ohio, USA. The large leakage and long-time combustion of vinyl chloride monomer harmed the stability of local sustainable ecosystems and the health of residents, as the burning produced deadly toxins, triggering dissatisfaction from residents and environmental protection organizations. With the COVID-19 pandemic still unfolding globally, decision makers (DMs) in vinyl chloride leakage accidents must consider the existing environmental health uncertainty, potentially leading to uncertainty in their preference cognitive. Thus, this paper proposes a novel fuzzy preference with a self-confidence structure of the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) to resolve the sustainable development conflicts caused by the vinyl chloride leakage accident in Ohio. Fully considering the uncertainty of option choice by DMs and the different levels of confidence in DMs’ preference selection, four different fuzzy stability definitions of self-confidence are defined in GMCR. The analysis results suggest the following: (1) During conflicts, the US Norfolk Southern Corp should assume corporate responsibility by setting up a health monitoring system for residents in Ohio; the company should pay for the medical examinations and related care expenses for residents within the scope of the vinyl chloride leakage accident. (2) The negotiation of all stakeholders in conflicts can promote reconciliation. Finally, the analysis process and results of this study can provide guidance to government departments for properly handling major accidents and appeasing affected residents.

Організаційно-економічний механізм управління ризиками підприємства в умовах цифровізації

The article examines the current challenges and risks faced by Ukrainian enterprises in the context of digitalization and external environmental uncertainty. The article aims to substantiate the organizational and economic mechanism for managing enterprise risks in the conditions of digitalization. This study highlights risks related to cybersecurity, technological changes, the impact of military actions, market competition, and more. The research justifies the need to create an effective risk management mechanism to ensure enterprises’ sustainable development and adaptation to the challenges of the modern economy and digitalization. An analysis of contemporary approaches to defining the concepts of “risk” and “risk management,” presented in domestic and foreign sources, has revealed the key elements of risk management mechanisms. It was found that the concept of “risk” is characterized by critical aspects such as probability, negative consequences in the form of losses, potential positive outcomes, and benefits. In contrast, risk management should be viewed as preventing unforeseen events in the company’s operations, ensuring continuous control, and mitigating consequences when they occur. It is substantiated that the risk management process is continuous and systematic and includes monitoring and assessing risks at all levels of enterprise activity. The study presents an organizational and economic mechanism for risk management in enterprises under digitalization conditions, which, unlike existing models, considers the digitalization of economic processes in the enterprise, covers critical components such as personnel, legal, informational and digital, analytical, organizational, financial, and investment support, and is multi-component, systematic, and governed by its principles. The mechanism’s practical value lies in the effective interaction of its elements, which allows enterprises to identify and minimize risks promptly, maintain stability, and promote sustainable development. The research revealed the importance of integrating digital tools into the risk management process, which enhances decision-making efficiency and minimizes negative consequences. Keywords: risk, risk management, organizational and economic mechanism of risk management, risk management, digitalization of the economy, cyber risks.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SECURITY-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

In today's environment, socio-economic systems face increasingly complex challenges associated with high levels of uncertainty, risks, and rapid changes in the external environment. This necessitates the development of effective management methods that can ensure the reliability and flexibility of decision-making. The research is aimed at creating a methodology for the development and application of information technology for security-oriented management based on the principles of fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic, based on the theory of fuzzy sets developed by Lotfi Zadeh, is a powerful tool for working with incomplete and fuzzy data, allowing to model complex systems and processes where traditional approaches may be ineffective. The paper discusses the peculiarities of using fuzzy logic to create models that take into account possible risks and facilitate informed decision-making even with limited information. The proposed methodology allows to integrate various data sources, process them in real time and provide recommendations for risk management and security of socio-economic systems. The study also describes the structure of the technology, which includes the stages of data collection, fuzzification, fuzzy inference, defuzzification, and decision support. Systems based on fuzzy logic demonstrate high adaptability, resilience to change, and the ability to operate in the face of unpredictable changes. The results of the study confirm that the proposed information technology can be applied in various industries, such as transportation, healthcare, and industry, to improve the safety and efficiency of management decisions. The use of the proposed methodology helps to reduce risks, improve the quality of management and adaptability to changes in external conditions, which are key requirements in modern management.

A study on green practice infusion of the SMES in the context of circular economy

Sustainable development has attracted widespread attention worldwide, and the circular economy has become one of the essential policies of many countries. Small and medium-sized enterprises are important drivers of world economic growth and can significantly impact the environment. Therefore, SMEs are critical players in implementing a circular economy as the basis for creating a sustainable society. Although a wealth of research on SME environmental management issues can be found in the literature, more must be known about the infusion of green practices in SMEs. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the green practice infusion of Taiwanese SMEs, a context that is particularly relevant due to Taiwan’s strong focus on environmental sustainability and its circular economy industrial development policy. Through a questionnaire survey, this study examined the factors that influence green practice infusion behavior in Taiwanese SMEs and the impact of green practice infusion on circular economy performance. The findings show that the relative advantages and compatibility of the circular economy, organizational support, human resource quality, regulatory pressure, and government support significantly impact the green practice infusion of Taiwanese SMEs. The effects of complexity, customer pressure, and environmental uncertainty on SMEs’ infusion of green practices are not statistically significant. Circular economy performance is positively correlated with green practice infusion. This study can broaden the research scope of SMEs’ environmental management and contribute to a deeper understanding of SMEs’ green practice infusion and circular economy.

The Role of Environmental Management Accounting in Sustainability

This research explores the importance of environmental management accounting practices in businesses. It examines how market competition, environmental unpredictability, organizational size, and corporate governance influence the adoption of environmental management accounting tools and environmental performance. Data were collected from a survey of 397 individuals across various industries in Vietnam. The study found that greater environmental unpredictability, more intense market competition, larger organizational scale, and more effective corporate governance promote the use of environmental management accounting, leading to improved environmental performance. Additionally, environmental management accounting methods mediate the relationships among market competition, environmental uncertainty, organizational size, corporate governance, and environmental performance. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the significance of environmental management accounting practices in Vietnam and offers practical insights for corporate leaders in developing countries. Overall, the findings suggest that businesses in competitive and unpredictable environments should prioritize the implementation of environmental management accounting practices to improve their environmental performance. This has practical implications for corporate leaders in developing countries like Vietnam, emphasizing the need for robust accounting practices to navigate environmental challenges.

Impact of corporate environmental uncertainty on environmental, social, and governance performance: The role of government, investors, and geopolitical risk.

Corporations face multifaceted environmental uncertainties (EU) in today's dynamic global economic environment. Such uncertainties profoundly affect corporate operations and pose significant challenges to their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Therefore, using data from Chinese A-share listed corporations from 2009 to 2021, we empirically analyze the impact of the EU on ESG performance. The results demonstrate that the EU significantly negatively impacts ESG performance, indicating that corporations frequently find it difficult to implement and maintain high-standard ESG policies and practices effectively. Additionally, they reveal that the EU inhibits the improvement of ESG performance by increasing corporate financing constraints (KZ). Lastly, this study explores the role of government subsidies (GOV), investor attention (IA), and geopolitical risks (GPR) as moderating variables. We discover that GOV can mitigate the negative impact of the EU on KZ because they provide additional resources that help corporations maintain their ESG in uncertain environments. Furthermore, IA can reduce the adverse impact of KZ on ESG. Positive moderating effects result from ESG issues; the capital they provide effectively reduces corporate KZ, thus enabling corporations to maintain good ESG performance despite operating in highly uncertain environments. However, due to the increased asymmetry of information in economic markets caused by geopolitical tensions, GPR exacerbates the negative impact of the EU on ESG performance, thus leading to an increase in KZ. These findings offer new perspectives on understanding how these moderating effects affect corporate ESG strategies.

Exploring succession in small business growth in Bandung: Mediating role of strategic change

Purpose – This study aims to understand the influence of organizational agility and organizational resilience towards SMEs business performance and analyze the mediating role of strategic change and the moderating role of environmental uncertainty.Design/methodology/approach – This study uses quantitative approach with survey method. The population of the study is SMEs business actors in Bandung, West Java. The samples are chosen for about 250 respondents using purposive sampling, while the data is processed using structural equation modelling with Partial Least Square.Findings – The results indicate positive influence of organizational agility on organizational resilience, as well as organizational resilience on SMEs business growth. Additionally, strategic change is found to mediate the relationship of organizational resilience towards SMEs business growth. Environmental uncertainty can strengthen the influence of organizational resilience on strategic change.Research limitations/implications – The results of this research provide evidence that the underlying mechanisms for increasing organizational resilience and SME business growth can be seen from the perspective of organizational agility and choosing the right strategy.Practical implications – This study underscores the importance of building organizational agility and resilience to face dynamic environmental situation characterized by rapid change. When SMEs are adaptive and more responsive in carrying out their business, this can lead to positive outcomes for their growth.Originality/value – The present study provides the underlying mechanisms that shows how organizational agility and resilience can lead to SMEs business growth which operate in the uncertain environment.

Performance analysis of IoT-enabled hydro-photovoltaic power systems considering electrical power mission chains

Synergistically and complementarily managing the operation of hydropower plants and other weather-dependent renewable energy generation plants (e.g., solar energy plants) provides an effective measure to improve the performance efficiency (PE) of renewable energy. However, environmental uncertainty and physical system unavailability pose challenges in assessing the PE of the power generation. This paper proposes an approach to synergistically and complementarily managing the operation of hydro-photovoltaic (HPV) power systems in IoT under uncertain environments and develops a mission chain-based PE model for quantifying the capacity of the fulfilment of a power supply mission to satisfy users’ demand for power. An importance measure-based restoration strategy is then proposed to enhance the PE of an HPV power system (PEPS). The approach is examined by taking a large-scale HPV in China in the case study. The results show that, in winters and in summers, the PEPS is higher than PE of a photovoltaic power system and a hydropower system, respectively, and the PEPS with the importance measure-based restoration strategy is higher than that under the random restoration strategy, respectively. The findings not only lay the foundation for the complementary operation of hybrid renewable energy power systems but also provide a reference for the restoration in case of power cuts.

Strategy for striking the omnichannel balance in Retail 4.0

PurposeThe rise of Industry 4.0 led to digitally-enabled evolutionary and radical changes in all branches of the retail industry, resulting in the emergence of the distinct term “Retail 4.0”. Within this paradigm, particular emphasis is placed on forming a balanced system of omnichannel sales and customer service, allowing reaching a synergistic effect in the face of constant changes, turbulence and uncertainty in the business environment. The main objective of this study is to offer and justify a practical strategy for optimal utilization of sales channels and customer service provision within the Retail 4.0 paradigm.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual argument of the study is based on the review of the literature and illustrative case studiesFindingsThe decision-making model proposed in this study provides a roadmap for retailers. It underscores the need for a data-driven approach, where decisions are informed by real-time analytics and customer insights. This model also advocates for a flexible yet structured approach to managing various sales channels, ensuring that each channel complements and enhances the other.Originality/valueThe study offers and justifies an original five-stage process model for forming a balanced system of omnichannel sales and customer service.

Enhanced Safety in Autonomous Driving: Integrating a Latent State Diffusion Model for End-to-End Navigation.

Ensuring safety in autonomous driving is crucial for effective motion planning and navigation. However, most end-to-end planning methodologies lack sufficient safety measures. This study tackles this issue by formulating the control optimization problem in autonomous driving as Constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs). We introduce an innovative, model-based approach for policy optimization, employing a conditional Value-at-Risk (VaR)-based soft actor-critic (SAC) to handle constraints in complex, high-dimensional state spaces. Our method features a worst-case actor to ensure strict compliance with safety requirements, even in unpredictable scenarios. The policy optimization leverages the augmented Lagrangian method and leverages latent diffusion models to forecast and simulate future trajectories. This dual strategy ensures safe navigation through environments and enhances policy performance by incorporating distribution modeling to address environmental uncertainties. Empirical evaluations conducted in both simulated and real environments demonstrate that our approach surpasses existing methods in terms of safety, efficiency, and decision-making capabilities.

An integrated group decision support framework utilizing Pythagorean fuzzy DEMATEL–CoCoSo approach for medicine cold chain logistics provider selection

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to establish a synthetic group decision framework based on the Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) set to select the optimal medicine cold chain logistics provider (MCCLP). Fierce market competition makes enterprises must constantly improve every link in the process of enterprise sustainable development. The evaluation of MCCLP in pharmaceutical enterprises is an important link to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness. Because of the fuzziness of expert cognition and the complexity of the decision procedure, PF set can effectively handle the uncertainty and ambiguity in the process of multi-criteria group decision decision-making (MCGDM).Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops an integrated group decision framework through combining the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique and combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) approach to select a satisfactory MCCLP within PF circumstances. First, the PF set is used to process the ambiguity and uncertainty of the cognition ability of experts. Second, a novel PF knowledge measure is propounded to measure the vagueness of the PF set. Third, a comprehensive criterion weight determination technique is developed through aggregating subjective weights attained utilizing the PF DEMATEL approach and objective weight deduced by knowledge measure method. Furthermore, an integrated MCGDM approach based on synthetic weight and CoCoSo method is constructed.FindingsThe outcomes of sensibility analysis and comparison investigation show that the suggested decision framework can help decision experts to choose a satisfactory MCCLP scientifically and reasonably. Accordingly, the propounded comprehensive decision framework can be recommended to enterprises and organizations to assess the MCCLP for their improvement of core competitiveness.Originality/valueMCCLP selection is not only momentous for pharmaceutical enterprises to improve transportation quality and ensure medicine safety but also provides a strong guarantee for enterprises to improve their core competitiveness. Nevertheless, enterprises face certain challenges due to the uncertainty of the assessment environment as well as human cognition in the process of choosing a satisfactory MCCLP. PF set possesses a formidable capability to address the uncertainty and imprecision information in the process of MCGDM. Therefore, pharmaceutical enterprises can implement the proposed method to evaluate the suppliers to further improve the comprehensive profit of enterprises.

Factors that Influence the use of Management Accounting on SME Performance in the city of Medan

The aim of this research is to examine the influence of the use of management accounting on SME performance, and environmental uncertainty, information technology, quality of human resources and innovation as factors that influence the use of management accounting. Descriptive quantitative research method, namely the results of processing data and then representing it. The population of this research is SMEs from various business sectors spread across the city of Medan. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique as many as 33 SMEs in the city of Medan. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation model is used for the data analysis method. Information technology influences the use of management accounting, environmental uncertainty, human resources and innovation do not influence the use of management accounting. The use of management accounting influences the performance of SMEs.

Foreign Language Learners' Uncertainty Experiences and Uncertainty Management.

Uncertainty is unavoidable in life; it is also an indispensable characteristic of educational settings. The process of learning a foreign language naturally involves interaction and coconstruction of knowledge. During this process, students may encounter uncertainty from a variety of sources, including the course, context, friends, or the teacher. Besides, to communicate meaningfully, the mutual effort of both the listener and the speaker is needed to deal with uncertainty. Considering this, the present study makes an effort to comprehend how learners appreciate and manage uncertainty in language learning environments. Although uncertainty is considered a multidisciplinary research topic, a limited number of studies are found in the literature which examine how students experience uncertainty and how they react to it. Regarding foreign language learning, related research focused on a specific form of uncertainty, Tolerance of Ambiguity, which is conceptualized as a cognitive style. In-class pen-and-paper surveys, reflective journals, video recordings, and stimulated recall interviews were the instruments used to gather data. The findings demonstrate that language learners frequently encounter uncertainty during the language learning process due to course-related, cognitive, and social factors, and learners may appreciate uncertainty in both positive and negative ways. Additionally, learners' emotional reactions to uncertainty depend on their positive or negative appraisals of uncertain situations. By recognizing and embracing uncertainty, language learners will adapt to it and be able to handle it through a variety of techniques. The results suggest that learners employ a variety of strategies, such as reducing, maintaining, and resolving uncertainty as well as ignoring uncertainty.

Navigating Choppy Waters: why are we always arguing about risk and uncertainty in marine multi-use environments and what can we do about it?

Arguments about risk and uncertainty are prevalent in marine decision making. Different, often invisible, starting positions of those involved – regarding world views, academic disciplines and positionality – are often responsible. Broadly agreed collective outcomes depend on uncovering these influences. In this article we prioritise navigating multiplicity and plurality rather than constraining them. An iterative cycle of reflection and an openness to make changes are central. However, such a cycle must consider how risk assessment tools open or close possible futures, how evidence is best presented to decision makers, and how mātaurangaMāori is reshaping risk perceptions and is the decisive intervention in creating improved decision-making spaces.