Perceptions Of Uncertainty Research Articles

The Neuroplastic Outcomes from Impaired Sensory Expectations (NOISE) hypothesis: How ACL dysfunction impacts sensory perception and knee stability.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is integral to maintaining knee joint stability but is susceptible to rupture during physical activity. Despite surgical restoration of passive or mechanical stability, patients struggle to regain strength and prior level of function. Recent efforts have focused on understanding how ACL-related changes in the nervous system contribute to deficits in sensorimotor control following injury and reconstruction. We hypothesize that these challenges are partially due to an increase in sensorimotor uncertainty, a state that reduces the precision of movement control. This review proposes the ACL NOISE (Neuroplastic Outcomes from Impaired Sensory Expectations) hypothesis, reframing current literature to provide a case that increased sensory noise following ACL injury and reconstruction disrupts sensory predictions, which are anticipations of immediate sensory outcomes or motor commands. This disruption in sensory predictions may contribute to altered neurophysiology, such as cross-modal brain activity, and other persistent clinical deficits. Narrative review RESULTS/FINDINGS: Following ACL injury and reconstruction, the knee and nervous system experience various neurophysiological alterations to overcome elevated sensory uncertainty and inaccurate sensory predictions, contributing to persistent motor deficits. We provide a theoretical case based on compelling evidence that suggests prolonged impairment after ACL injury may be secondary to uncertainty in knee sensory perception. Future research should consider testing the NOISE hypothesis by creating a paradigm that examines dynamic joint stability in response to unexpected perturbations. This approach would help assess motor coordination errors and drive the development of clinical strategies aimed at reducing sensory uncertainty following ACL reconstruction.

Distinct computational mechanisms of uncertainty processing explain opposing exploratory behaviors in anxiety and apathy.

Decision-making in uncertain environments can lead to varied outcomes, and how we process those outcomes may depend on our emotional state. Understanding how individuals interpret the sources of uncertainty is crucial for understanding adaptive behavior and mental well-being. Uncertainty can be broadly categorized into two components: volatility and stochasticity. Volatility describes how quickly conditions change. Stochasticity, on the other hand, refers to outcome randomness. We investigated how anxiety and apathy influenced people's perceptions of uncertainty, and how uncertainty perception shaped explore-exploit decisions. Participants (N = 1001, non-clinical sample) completed a restless three-armed bandit task that was analyzed using both latent state and process models. Anxious individuals perceived uncertainty as resulting more from volatility, leading to increased exploration and learning rates, especially after reward omission. Conversely, apathetic individuals viewed uncertainty as more stochastic, resulting in decreased exploration and learning rates. The perceived volatility-to-stochasticity ratio mediated the anxiety-exploration relationship post-adverse outcomes. Dimensionality reduction showed exploration and uncertainty estimation to be distinct but related latent factors shaping a manifold of adaptive behavior that is modulated by anxiety and apathy. These findings reveal distinct computational mechanisms for how anxiety and apathy influence decision-making, providing a framework for understanding cognitive and affective processes in neuropsychiatric disorders.

A comparative analysis of perceptual noise in lateral and depth motion: Evidence from eye tracking.

The characterization of how precisely we perceive visual speed has traditionally relied on psychophysical judgments in discrimination tasks. Such tasks are often considered laborious and susceptible to biases, particularly without the involvement of highly trained participants. Additionally, thresholds for motion-in-depth perception are frequently reported as higher compared to lateral motion, a discrepancy that contrasts with everyday visuomotor tasks. In this research, we rely on a smooth pursuit model, based on a Kalman filter, to quantify speed observational uncertainties. This model allows us to distinguish between additive and multiplicative noise across three conditions of motion dynamics within a virtual reality setting: random walk, linear motion, and nonlinear motion, incorporating both lateral and depth motion components. We aim to assess tracking performance and perceptual uncertainties for lateral versus motion-in-depth. In alignment with prior research, our results indicate diminished performance for depth motion in the random walk condition, characterized by unpredictable positioning. However, when velocity information is available and facilitates predictions of future positions, perceptual uncertainties become more consistent between lateral and in-depth motion. This consistency is particularly noticeable within ranges where retinal speeds overlap between these two dimensions. Significantly, additive noise emerges as the primary source of uncertainty, largely exceeding multiplicative noise. This predominance of additive noise is consistent with computational accounts of visual motion. Our study challenges earlier beliefs of marked differences in processing lateral versus in-depth motions, suggesting similar levels of perceptual uncertainty and underscoring the significant role of additive noise.

Firms' Perception of Economic Policy Uncertainty and the Labor Income Share

Firms' Perception of Economic Policy Uncertainty and the Labor Income Share

An Improved Motion Strategy With Uncertainty Perception for the Underwater Robot Based on Thrust Allocation Model

An Improved Motion Strategy With Uncertainty Perception for the Underwater Robot Based on Thrust Allocation Model

Game-Theoretic Motion Planning with Perception Uncertainty and Right-of-Way Constraints.

This paper addresses two challenges in AV motion planning: adherence to right-of-way and handling uncertainties, using two game-theoretic frameworks, namely Stackelberg and Nash Bayesian (Bayesian). By modeling the interactions between road users as a hierarchical relationship, the proposed approach enables the AV to strategically optimize its trajectory while considering the actions and priorities of other road users. Additionally, the Bayesian equilibrium aspect of the framework incorporates probabilistic beliefs and updates them based on sensor measurements, allowing the AV to make informed decisions in the presence of uncertainty in the sensory system. Experimental assessments demonstrate the efficacy of the approach, emphasizing its ability to improve the reliability and adaptability of AV motion planning.

A cyber–physical system prospect theoretic game through a VANET lens

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of attack mitigation in an intelligent transportation network or vehicular network is considered as a game. The player’s perception of uncertainty and decision making is studied under a subjective prospect theoretic (PT) model and an objective expected utility theory (EUT) model. A game where each player chooses one of two strategies with certain probabilities is analysed. The case where subjective players bias their choices of the probabilities using the Prelec weighting function is considered and compared with the EUT based decisions and the effect of the framing effect function and . The corresponding Nash equilibria (NE) are derived and found through the replicator dynamic equation. Under the Prelec function, the results agree with the previously published results that the defender is biased more into defending the more important road side units. However, under both the function and the framing effect, the players' behaviour does not depend on the loss penalty parameter, and the Prelec function dominates the framing effect. For small values, the players make conservative decisions compared to higher values regardless of the effect of the framing function. For high values the players are more certain in their decisions than the EUT players.

The Impact of IT Equivocality on Postadoptive Use Behaviors: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Construct

ABSTRACT In his early work, Karl Weick referred to information technology (IT) as “equivoques” to underline the conflicting interpretations that often arise among users, groups, and organizations interacting with IT. As modern IT systems support a growing variety of uses and applications, this phenomenon intensifies, with important implications for attitude formation and use behaviors. Based on individual sensemaking theory, we define perceived IT equivocality as a user’s difficulty in making sense of an IT and theorize that this psychological phenomenon manifests through perceptions of incompleteness, fragmentation, and uncertainty. Three empirical studies (n = 419, n = 411, n = 345) were conducted to validate this multidimensional construct and examine its relevance in postadoptive use settings. The results indicate that perceived IT equivocality is negatively associated with routine and innovative use and positively associated with behavioral anxiety, confirming its theorized influence on usage patterns. In closing, we discuss the importance of the IT equivocality construct to both theory and practice, along with the limitations of our work. Our distinctive contributions include 1) conceptualizing an IS-specific psychological phenomenon, 2) developing and validating a multidimensional scale, and 3) demonstrating the behavioral potency of the construct.

How does managerial perception of uncertainty affect corporate investment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A text mining approach

How does managerial perception of uncertainty affect corporate investment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A text mining approach

ESG performance and corporate fraud: Evidence based on the MOE framework

We investigate the impact of ESG performance on corporate fraud within publicly listed firms in China. Our results show that higher ESG performance significantly inhibits corporate fraud. Mechanism analysis reveals that ESG performance mitigates corporate fraud by easing financial constraints, enhancing analyst coverage and internal control, and alleviating pressures from declining performance. Additionally, heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the impact of ESG performance on corporate fraud is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises and firms with high levels of uncertainty perception. These findings have important implications for regulators, investors, and policymakers to promote ESG practices to mitigate corporate fraud.

Probing Perceptual Uncertainty to Examine the Relationship between Curiosity and Confidence.

Probing Perceptual Uncertainty to Examine the Relationship between Curiosity and Confidence.

What Drives the Top Management Team's Sentiment and Perception of Future Risk and Uncertainty? A Selling-Capability Based View

ABSTRACT Purpose This study postulates that a firm’s level of value appropriation capability (viz. selling capability) plays a pivotal role in influencing a firm’s top management team’s (TMT) sentiment and its perception of future risk and uncertainty. Further, the current study posits that the nexus between firm-level selling capability and the TMT’s sentiment and future risk perception is contingent upon the firm’s industry growth. Design/methodology/approach This research employs a textual analysis-based measure of TMT’s sentiment and perception of future risk and uncertainty and data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based measure of firm-level selling capability, using a sample of 243 USA-based firms during the period 2014 to 2020 and employing an endogeneity-robust econometric modeling technique. Findings The current study demonstrates that selling capability positively affects a firm’s TMT’s sentiment and negatively impacts the TMT’s perception of future risk and uncertainty. Furthermore, the association between selling capability and TMT’s sentiment and future risk perception are accentuated by industry growth. Research limitations/implications Future studies are warranted to unearth how the association between the focal variables changes depending on the effect of other firm-specific internal boundary conditions. Practical implications The results demonstrate sales and marketing managers should develop efficient sales organization and management techniques to bolster the overall firm-level selling capability. Managers should focus on enhancing their firm-level selling capability to maximize the positive impact on the TMT’s sentiment. Originality/value Although studies have shown the effect of managerial sentiment on firm behavior, there is no empirical evidence, to our knowledge, as to what drives TMT’s sentiment and perception of risk and uncertainty. The present treatise shows that a firm’s selling capability and industry growth affect the TMT’s sentiment and the perception of future risk and uncertainty.

Novices’ reasoning with big data and data-ing through the lens of uncertainty

AbstractAdvancements in computing and statistical analyses have significantly transformed mathematics education, integrating it with data and computer science. As big data becomes increasingly prevalent, understanding its complexities, including its unique uncertainties, is crucial. This study explores the uncertainty that novice students can articulate during their initial engagement with big data, including both data preparation activities or data-ing as well as data analysis activities. Consistent with prior research on students’ engagement with small data, we offer a case study revealing that novices can also exhibit extreme views of uncertainty while engaging with big data. Contrary to the context of small data engagement, our analysis revealed different sources for these extreme views. The classification we used can offer means to identify students’ uncertainty views and support them in developing a more balanced, mature, perception of uncertainty. Moreover, the analysis underscores students’ inclination towards high-uncertainty articulations during their initial encounters with big data-ing activities.

The impact of Airbnb’s competitive pricing on traveler spending at destinations

The emergence of digital short-term rental (STR) platforms has significantly transformed the business landscape of the tourism and hospitality industry. This research examines the impact of Airbnb’s competitive prices on traveler behaviors at destinations. Using an experimental approach, the study explores the spending intentions of travelers who choose cost-effective Airbnb accommodations over traditional lodging. Results indicate that travelers tend to re-spend savings from Airbnb stays at visited destinations, supporting both direct and indirect rebound effects. Notably, intended re-spending amounts exceed initial cost savings on accommodations, potentially increasing overall tourism income. Findings also reveal that (a) re-spending intentions are driven by heightened pleasure from cost savings, and (b) the effects’ magnitude depends on prior destination experience and uncertainty perceptions toward Airbnb stays. These insights offer implications for destination practitioners, local authorities, and STR platform designers.

Beyond threats: Extreme heatwaves and economic resilience in China

This study demonstrates extreme heatwaves have a positive impact on economic resilience in China at the provincial level, utilizing high spatial resolution temperature data. This effect may be attributed to heightened climate policy uncertainty and shifts in public climate perception. Furthermore, our findings reveal that these effects are particularly pronounced in the eastern regions of China and in provinces with large economic scales but relatively small agriculture output values.

The Effectiveness of Psychological Resources Supporting a Person’s Well-Being in the Face of Uncertainty and Stress: A Research Contributing to SDG Objectives

Objective: the aim of the study is to identify the combinations of psychological capital components (PsyCap) and person’s traits which can impact the person’s well-being in the situation of uncertainity and stress. Theoretical framework: the methodogical principles of determinism (the assumption that all behaviors have a specific cause) and systemic approach (analyzing complex phenomena by studying the interrelations between various components as a whole) were adopted. The main theory which was taken into account is an Evidence-Based Positive Approach of psychological Capital (Luthans F. et al, 2017). Methods: the theoretical review of the psychological aspects of uncertainty and the psychological survey was conducted (with the application of Psychological Capital Questionnaire-PCQ, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator-MBTI, The Spielberger-Hanin anxiety test-STAI) Results and discussion: the study revealed that some combinations of personal traits and components of psychological capital can lead to adaptation during uncertainty and stress more effectively even with higher level of trait anxiety. Research implications: the results can be applied in the sphere of psychological support to deal with potential challenges with limited resources by organizing the effective mechanism of coping with uncertainty and stress. Originality: the study contributes the 3th objective of SDG (good health and well-being). The algorithm of effective perception of uncertainty was shown and some consistent patterns of PsyCap components were revealed.

The Perception of Policy Uncertainty and the Labor Income Share of Firms: Empirical Research Based on Double Machine Learning

ABSTRACTBased on the double machine learning model, this study examines the impact of perception of policy uncertainty (PPU) on labor income share (LIS). We find that PPU negatively influences LIS. Mechanism test indicates that PPU not only results in a reduction in fixed asset investment, distorting human capital structure, but leads to a financing dilemma for firms, ultimately exerting a detrimental effect on LIS. Additionally, PPU primarily diminishes LIS of ordinary employees rather than executives. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of PPU on LIS is significantly more pronounced in firms characterized by smaller union scales and those operating within monopolistic industries.

How student can improve their experimental ability: The effect of perception of uncertainty

How student can improve their experimental ability: The effect of perception of uncertainty

Adaptation biases the parallel perception of subitized numerosities

Numerosity adaptation is a phenomenon in which prolonged exposure to a stimulus of greater numerosity makes subsequent stimuli appear less numerous, and vice versa. It has been confined to moderated numerosities outside the subitizing range (> 4). This study investigated whether the estimation of small numerosities (1–4), which is performed rapidly and accurately due to the mechanism of subitizing, is susceptible to adaptation. After adapting to a 50-dot stimulus, participants were presented with stimuli consisting of 1–5 color sets. In some trials, participants were informed of the target color-set before the presentation of stimuli, while in others, they were instructed afterwards. When estimating 1–4 dots in the single-color set or superset (the total dots), no adaptation effect was observed. The coefficient of variation (CV) was below 0.05, indicating the effective function of subitizing. However, when enumerating subsets in parallel, adaptation biased the estimation. The CV in estimating subitized numerosities was comparable to and correlated with that of estimating moderate numerosities (5–12), suggesting that subitizing was superseded by numerosity estimation. Greater effects arise when the targets were probed afterwards, with elevated CV. The prior adaptor may be more weighted to optimize detection of number deviations, especially under higher perceptual uncertainty.

Real world comparison of filgrastim to filgrastim-sndz in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

There exists some apprehension by prescribers, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders regarding the real-world safety and effectiveness of biosimilars. While some of the apprehension is likely due to clinician knowledge gaps in the biosimilarity exercise, additional data (including those generated from the real-world) regarding safety and efficacy could reduce a clinician's perception of biosimilar uncertainty and can potentially increase biosimilar acceptance and uptake. The published literature is lacking regarding the real-world impact on healthcare costs and clinical outcomes when a single healthcare institution converts from filgrastim to filgrastim-sndz as its short-acting Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF), especially within diverse populations and indications not explicitly studied through the registration trials. Specifically, both filgrastim and filgrastim-sndz possess FDA-approved indications within patients with hematologic malignancies receiving high-dose chemotherapy and in those undergoing bone marrow transplantation. As a biosimilar to filgrastim, the FDA did not require prospective, randomized controlled trials to obtain these indications for filgrastim-sndz. The purpose of this study is to describe real-world healthcare resource costs, utilization patterns, and clinical outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies who received filgrastim-sndz or filgrastim to support neutrophil recovery following chemotherapy (i.e., induction or consolidation) or a bone marrow transplant (BMT) at Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH). A total of 148 patients were identified and met the following criteria: at least 18 years old, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 2, absence of fever or infection, newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia or newly post-bone marrow transplant and received filgrastim-sndz (Zarxio®) or reference filgrastim (Neupogen®). Healthcare resource utilization outcomes were compared between biosimilar and reference filgrastim using descriptive statistics. There were no major differences between either cohort, including duration of hospitalization, the number of overall emergency room visits and additional hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of febrile neutropenia or neutropenia within 30 days post-discharge from initial hospital admission, time to neutrophil recovery following GCSF support, and the incidence and duration of both fever and febrile neutropenia. The total cost based on treatment of all patients in each arm differed significantly with filgrastim-sndz being the most cost-effective choice. filgrastim-sndz significantly reduced healthcare utilization costs compared to reference filgrastim with similar effect on absolute neutrophil count, incidence of fever, and febrile neutropenia.