Unbalanced Interaction Research Articles

Pathological and Therapeutical Implications of Pyroptosis in Psoriasis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Narrative Review.

This manuscript explores the role of pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, in the pathogenesis of two chronic dermatoses, psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The diseases, though clinically diverse, share common pathogenetic pathways involving the unbalanced interaction between the adaptive and innate immune systems. This review focuses on the molecular changes in psoriatic and HS skin, emphasizing the activation of dendritic cells, secretion of interleukins (IL-17, IL-22, and TNF-α), and the involvement of inflammasomes, particularly NLRP3. This manuscript discusses the role of caspases, especially caspase-1, in driving pyroptosis and highlights the family of gasdermins (GSDMs) as key players in the formation of pores leading to cell rupture and the release of proinflammatory signals. This study delves into the potential therapeutic implications of targeting pyroptosis in psoriasis and HS, examining existing medications like biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors. It also reviews the current limitations and challenges in developing therapies that selectively target pyroptosis. Additionally, the manuscript explores the role of pyroptosis in various inflammatory disorders associated with psoriasis and HS, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disorders. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to fully elucidate the pathomechanisms of these dermatoses and develop effective, targeted therapies.

Stress level of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) with infested ciliata pathogens after open wet transportation

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the leading fishery commodities in Indonesia. The unbalanced interaction between the environment, host, and pathogen causes the shrimp’s body defense to decrease and it is easy for parasites to infest and cause disease. This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress levels and the degree of ectoparasite infestation in vaname shrimp which was infested with pathogenic ciliates prior to open wet system transportation. This research uses survey method. Sampling of vaname shrimp at IBAP Lamongan. The parameters observed were blood glucose levels and the degree of infestation. The results of the ectoparasite examination showed that the ectoparasites that infested vaname shrimp had the degree of infestation in the category of very mild to moderate infestation. The number of vaname shrimp with a very light category is 4, the category of light infestation degree is 22, the number of vaname shrimp with a moderate level of infestation category is 24. There is a correlation between blood glucose levels and the level of infestation of ectoparasites which have a very high power. Thus, an increase in blood glucose levels will be followed by an increase in the rate of ectoparasite infestation.

Identification, prevalence and intensity of ectoparasite in sand lobster (Panulirus homarus) cultivated in floating cages (floating net cage) and bottom cage (bottom cage)

Lobster (Panulirus homarus) is one of the marine fishery commodities that is gaining popularity and has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. This is because lobster has great business prospects and is one of the important commodities and has high economic value. Lobster cultivation can now be done in various systems including floating net cages, bottom cages and ponds. The problem that is often faced by cultivators is the emergence of diseases in the lobster cultivation cycle caused by an unbalanced interaction between lobster conditions, the environment, and pathogens. This is one of the main problems in lobster cultivation that can interfere with the survival of lobsters and can also cause death. Research on ectoparasite infection in Sand Lobster (Panulirus homarus) cultured in floating net cages and bottom cages aims to identify the types of ectoparasites and calculate the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites infecting sand lobster (Panulirus homarus). The method used in this study is a survey method. The sampling method was carried out by random sampling method and the method of analysis and presentation of data using descriptive methods. The main parameters observed in this study were the type of ectoparasites, prevalence and intensity values of sand lobster (Panulirus homarus) infected with ectoparasites, while the supporting parameter was lobster size. The ectoparasite found to infest the sand lobster (Panulirus homarus) was Octolamis angulata. The highest prevalence value was obtained in cultivation using floating net cages of 53,3% which belonged to the Frequently category (commonly) and the highest intensity value was obtained in cultivation using floating net cages of 30,1 which belonged to the Medium category (currently). It is necessary to conduct further studies on Octolasmis species based on the DNA chain arrangement and description of tissue damage due to Octolasmis infestation

Unbalanced amygdala communication in major depressive disorder

BackgroundPrevious studies suggested an association between functional alteration of the amygdala and typical major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms. Examining whether and how the interaction between the amygdala and regions/functional networks is altered in patients with MDD is important for understanding its neural basis. MethodsResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were recorded from 67 patients with MDD and 74 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). A framework for large-scale network analysis based on seed mappings of amygdala sub-regions, using a multi-connectivity-indicator strategy (cross-correlation, total interdependencies (TI), Granger causality (GC), and machine learning), was employed. Multiple indicators were compared between the two groups. The altered indicators were ranked in a supporting-vector machine-based procedure and associated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores. ResultsThe amygdala connectivity with the default mode network and ventral attention network regions was enhanced and that with the somatomotor network, dorsal frontoparietal network, and putamen regions in patients with MDD was reduced. The machine learning analysis highlighted altered indicators that were most conducive to the classification between the two groups. LimitationsMost patients with MDD received different pharmacological treatments. It is difficult to illustrate the medication state's effect on the alteration model because of its complex situation. ConclusionThe results indicate an unbalanced interaction model between the amygdala and functional networks and regions essential for various emotional and cognitive functions. The model can help explain potential aberrancy in the neural mechanisms that underlie the functional impairments observed across various domains in patients with MDD.

A theoretical study of the improved CO oxidation on WC supported Au monolayer by Cu doping

Metal monolayer supported on tungsten carbides have received considerable attention in the field of catalysis, while the adsorption properties of reactants need to be optimized to improve the catalytic activity further. Alloy monolayers on tungsten carbides can deliver different geometric and electronic characters from pure metal layers, owing to the change in local environments. Herein, using the first-principles calculations, the CO oxidation processes on the supported CuAu alloy monolayer on tungsten carbide are systematically investigated and compared with that on pure metal monolayers. It is found that introducing Cu dopant in Au monolayer will elevate the d-band center of the formed alloy monolayer and thus enhancing the adsorption of reactants around the Cu atom, which is caused by the charge redistribution. Especially, the unbalanced interaction strength between Cu-O and Au-O promotes the rotation and migration of oxygen atom to interact with the C atom of CO, which lowers the energy barriers for the formation and dissociation of OOCO intermediate. The oxidation of CO by an atomic O with the largest energy barrier of 0.27 eV along the Langmuir-Hinshelwood pathway is identified as the rate determining step, which is superior or comparable to the reported CO oxidation catalysts. The significance of alloy monolayer on tungsten carbides are further highlighted by comparing the adsorption energy and reaction barrier of rate-limiting step on the pure metal monolayers. This work is insightful for the rational design of highly efficient catalysts based on alloy systems.

Fixed-Time Fault-Tolerant Formation Control for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems With Parameter Uncertainties and Disturbances

This paper investigates the fixed-time time-varying formation control problems for heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) composed of multiple Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of actuator faults, parameter uncertainties, matched and mismatched disturbances. Besides achieving the desired formation configurations, each follower can also track the position trajectory produced by the virtual leader within fixed time simultaneously. The difference dynamic characteristics between the heterogeneous agents leads to unbalanced interaction of lumped uncertainties in the communication network, which increases the difficulty of collaborative control. To estimate the mismatched disturbances and lumped uncertainties, a fixed-time observer for each follower is designed, which can guarantee the estimation errors converge to the origin in fixed settling time. Subsequently, by utilizing the backstepping technique and the fixed-time stability theory, an observer-based distributed fixed-time formation controller for each follower in the $X$ - $Y$ axes and the observer-based decentralized fixed-time tracking controllers for follower-UAVs in the $Z$ axes are presented, which are shown to be fixed-time stable even under the influence of actuator faults and mismatched disturbances. Moreover, the fixed-time results can ensure the convergence time is independent of initial conditions. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

Doping non-uniformity influence on the electrical and optical properties of chromium doped zinc selenide

Extended first-principles calculations have been performed to give a microscopic description of the local structure and their related electrical and optical properties for chromium doped zinc selenide (Cr2+: ZnSe) with different doping non-uniformity. Cr2+: ZnSe models with different Cr locations and distributions were built. The electronic band structure, density of state and complex dielectric constant of each model were calculated. It is proved that the distance between the two dopants Cr2+ ions can affect the local crystal structure of ZnSe, which makes the crystal changes from isotropic to anisotropic. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient and reflectance spectra indicate the optical anisotropy of the non-uniformity Cr2+: ZnSe. The optical anisotropy is essentially caused by the unbalanced interaction between doped Cr2+ ions.

Dose-response efficacy and mechanisms of orally administered CLA-producing Bifidobacterium breve CCFM683 on DSS-induced colitis in mice

Schematic of improvement effects of CLA producing B. breve CCFM683 on colitis. • The colonic CLA content was positively correlated with relief effect of colitis. • It revealed the dose-response efficacy of replenishing CCFM683 on colitis. • The study revealed the multiple mechanisms of CCFM683 in alleviating colitis. • It helps to guiding the clinical research and development of probiotics products. This study designed to explore the dose-effect relationship of CCFM683 in relieving colitis and investigate the mechanisms involved. Specifically, the concentration of mucin2, goblet cells and tight junction proteins were significantly up-regulated by 10 10 and 10 9 cfu/day CCFM683. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were significantly down-regulated by 10 10 and 10 9 cfu/day CCFM683. Furthermore, gut microbiota in mice treated with 10 10 and 10 9 cfu/day CCFM683 were rebalanced via improving the unbalanced interaction, regulating the diversity, increasing Bifidobacterium and decreasing Bacteroides and Sutterella . Moreover, the colonic conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration was significantly positive correlated with the effectiveness of the strain in relieving colitis. The gavage dose of CCFM683 should be more than 10 8.65 cfu/day in mice for improving colitis according to dose-effect curve. In conclusion, CCFM683 supplementation alleviated colitis in a dose-dependent manner by improving intestinal epithelial barriers, protecting the intestinal mucus layer, restoring gut microbiota, and down-regulating the inflammatory cytokines.

EKSTRAKSI BAKTERI ASAL EKTOMIKORIZA SEBAGAI AGEN ANTAGONIS PENYAKIT TANAMAN FUSARIUM

Unbalanced interaction between plant and biotic or abiotic components is one of the sources to accelerate the presence of disease. The purpose of this study was to obtain a number of bacteria from Scleroderma citrinum extraction which was describing bacteria morphology, and the observed response of the potential bacteria S. citrinum as antagonists against the disease of Fusarium sp. The results obtained 7 species bacteria from S. citrinum ectomycorrhiza which had the ability to inhibition of different Fusarium sp., diseases. In addition, the 7 types of bacteria S. citrinum had different morphology. Bacterial morphology can be described based on their shapes, edges, colors, and surfaces. The result of the antagonistic test of bacterial isolate Scl 7 was suspected and had the potential to inhibit Fusarium sp., pathogen, in which it can be seen from the highest percentage from the percentage of inhibition of 41.11%. From the study, it has been observed that no visible exploitation by bacteria S. citrinum as the antagonist against Fusarium sp. Therefore, bacteria S. citrinum was suspected to contain antibiosis and competition (nutrient competitor) characteristics.

GAIM: Graph Attention Interaction Model for Collective Activity Recognition

Unbalanced interaction relationships at personal and group levels play a pivotal role in collective activity recognition, which has not been adaptively and jointly explored by previous approaches. In this paper, we propose a graph attention interaction model (GAIM) embedded with the graph attention block (GAB) to explicitly and adaptively infer unbalanced interaction relations at personal and group levels in a unified architecture, and further to learn the spatial and temporal evolutions of the collective activity from these interactions to predict the activity labels. We first design the spatiotemporal graphs tailored to the collective activity where the concurrent person and group nodes, respectively, represent individuals’ actions and the collective activity. The graphs provide both spatial structures and semantic appearance features for the collective activity. Then, GAB performs convolution-like filters on the graphs to infer unequal and two-level interaction relations in the collective activity by implementing graph convolutional networks with a shared attention mechanism. At the personal level, the GAB learns different levels of interactions for each person node from its neighbor person nodes under the guidance from the group node. At the group level, the GAB assesses various degrees of interactions to the group node contributed by person nodes. Equipped with the GRUs network, the GAIM learns the spatial and temporal evolutions of individuals’ actions as well as the collective activity from the captured interactions, and finally predicts the label of the collective activity. Experiments on four publicly available datasets and ablation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of our GAIM, and the improved performance demonstrates the effectiveness of our model.

An Essay on Self-Enslavement: The Pathology of Power and Control

This article discusses certain parallels between Du Bois’ notion of double consciousness, Fanon’s discussion of the neurotic inter-relationship between the colonial master and the native, and Marcuse’s concept of one-dimensionality in order to draw an analogy between enslavement and the status of citizen in advanced Western-style societies today. The aim is to explore the exercise of power within these societies and cast light upon the manner in which the discourse of freedom both constitutes and masks submission to power. The argument is made that submission has come to be regarded as the fulfillment of human potential insofar as we have learned to look at ourselves through the eyes of those who exercise power over us, having lost the ability to imagine that the situation in which we live could, and should, be different than it is. The conception of symbolic interaction as it is now typically employed is drawn into question for the difficulties it faces in addressing unbalanced interaction in the power-submission relationship. The concept of nouveau colonialism is developed in order to capture how the relations that once obtained between a metropole and its overseas colonial possessions have in a sense been replicated between those who exercise power and those subject to power within one and the same community.

Numerical investigation of the collapse of a static bubble at the free surface in the presence of neighbors

Formation of a liquid jet and drop as a consequence of the bursting of a bubble in symmetric and asymmetric neighborhoods is modeled numerically. We find that unbalanced interaction of neighbors forces the jet and drop to bend towards the absent bubbles.

Adaptation reveals unbalanced interaction between numerosity and time

Processing quantities such as the number of objects in a set, size, spatial arrangement and time is an essential means of structuring the external world and preparing for action. The theory of magnitude suggests that number and time, among other continuous magnitudes, are linked by a common cortical metric, and their specialization develops from a single magnitude system. In order to investigate potentially shared neural mechanisms underlying numerosity and time processing, we used visual adaptation, a method which can reveal the existence of a dedicated processing system. We reasoned that cross-adaptation between numerosity and duration would concur with the existence of a common processing mechanism, whereas the absence of cross-adaptation would provide evidence against it. We conducted four experiments using a rapid adaptation protocol where participants adapted to either visual numerosity or visual duration and subsequently performed a numerosity or duration discrimination task. We found that adapting to a low numerosity altered the estimation of the reference numerosity by an average of 5 dots, compared to adapting to a high numerosity. Similarly, adapting to a short duration altered the estimation of the reference duration by an average of 43 msec, compared to adapting to a long duration. In the cross-dimensional adaptation conditions, duration adaptation altered numerosity estimation by an average of 1 dot, whereas there was not sufficient evidence to either support or reject the effect of numerosity adaptation on duration judgments. These results highlight that there are partially overlapping neural mechanisms which are dedicated for processing both numerosity and time.

Pravo svojine i zaštita životne sredine

The ownership and the environment live in constant unbalanced interaction. The ownership is being changed while changing the environment. Basic principles and rules of the Environmental Law can be a great preasure for property. In every of three conceptions of the aim of the Environmental Law (antrophocentric, ecocentric and resource-economic conception), it is possible to draw upon certain position of the ownership right. In antrophocentric view, one can see a trait of ownership to be emanation and condition of human freedom. In the ecocentric view, we can talk about the ecological function of ownership, and in resource-economic perception, we can se its economic function. Through the recognition of ecological value of cer­tain things, we acknowledge the ecological function of ownership. The ownership of ecologicaly valuable things is polyvalent real right. Ecological value of a thing can be positive or negative. Ecological function of ownership can be perceived as a part of its social function. But, because of general neglection of it, it is necessary for ecological function to be separate and distinct function of ownership right.

Investigation of the interaction of fiscal and monetary policies in the conditions of economic growth in Ukraine

The object of research is the processes of fiscal and monetary regulation, as well as the results of their impact on the economy of Ukraine. One of the most problematic areas is the unbalanced interaction of fiscal and monetary policy, which negatively affects the efficiency of the allocation of financial resources and increases the risks of government debt. In the course of the research, methods of systemic, theoretical generalization, analysis, comparative comparison and graphical presentation of results are used, which allow the author to prove the absence of a positive synergetic effect of monetary and fiscal policy. This is determined by the unsuccessful attempts of the National Bank of Ukraine to apply inflation targeting and the critical state of Ukraine's public debt. The presence of serious problems in the financial system of Ukraine is characterized by a constant trend in the growth of public debt in 2016–2017. State and government-guaranteed debt of Ukraine in September 2017 amounted to 82 % of GDP, which accounts for 5 % of GDP. This is due to an increase in the Government's expenses for servicing its own debt obligations through domestic borrowing through issuance of domestic government loan bonds in the amount of 15.27 billion UAH for the period 2014 – 9 months of 2017. The peculiarity of the policy of public debt management in Ukraine is determined by the use of the resources of the banking system to lend to the government. This situation causes the processes of escalating quasi-fiscal operations leading to quasi-monetization, distortion of the values of economic indicators, the predicted level and effectiveness of monetary instruments of inflation targeting. Based on empirical generalizations, directions for implementing coordinated interaction of fiscal and monetary instruments are identified. This is achieved through economic activation of the stimulating role of fiscal policy, stimulation of economic growth on the part of demand, and an increase in the efficiency of using external borrowed funds. The implementation of a system of measures in the spheres of monetary circulation and credit will help to stimulate inflation, employment and equalization of the balance of payments. Advantages of the operational management of the debt of all sectors of the economy are ensuring the lack of a budget, as a prerequisite for Ukraine's stable economic development.

Designing In The Age Of Network Society: The Role Of Technology In Design Processes And Knowledge Generation

Architectural design in recent decades has measured itself with an unprecedented speed imposed by technological innovation, from which the Internet has emerged at a greater pace. To interpret correctly the changes that have ensued, it is essential to rule out any technological impetus by which these new conditions can now dictate related assessments in design processes. The ability to achieve new knowledge and produce endless combinations seems to lead to a path based on a shared work; it is no coincidence that this era is called the Learning Society and/or Network Society, due to recent endeavours showing utterly new and unexplored paths. In a situation like this, the architect must seek new ways that would allow his/her communicative tools to be explicit in what the architecture wants to express professionally under the empowering conditions of the Learning/Network Society. That seems to be the only way to relocate the architect in a more interactive sphere that in the end would lead to a more communicative architecture in tune with the expectations of society. The main characteristics of a global culture, built via the Internet are participation, dissemination and interaction. Within the given scenario, architecture can help transform those features into a path accessible to all mankind; this could be regarded as a new contemplation of collective thought. The urgent task is therefore to draw a new responsibility for the architect by which a particular architectural idea crosses the expectations of the self, becoming more accessible to all. Architecture is all about experience, which in turn reflects an almost sacred world; yet this said world is now recovered and translated into a constant exchange among electronic flows, whose spatial properties are based on current conditions. As such the most desired urban life is also expected to take part in an interdependent and yet complementary milieu of urbanity in flux. There, the architect should play a major role: a challenging design process that would interplay completely with endless images in order to constantly reinvent their roles, acquire new knowledge and skills, to be able to distinguish what must be done selectively. To be able to reveal how and to what extent the architect could now pose a new professional reflection, this study is designed to receive such responses from an array of renowned architectural firms in Europe to fully understand how the internet as an instrument of knowledge generation, and thus dissemination, visibly affects the orthodoxies of design processes. It is proven that the vast scale of information flux available provide rather sketchy frameworks; therefore, it is almost impossible to find a solid base of departure that offers an opportunity to design at distance, replacing the old-fashion face-to-face generative procedures which in the end restrain some of the faculties of design processes such as collective thought. Crafting an ill-defined base and an unbalanced interaction between the role-players in different cultural contexts, the research shows that digital technology is certainly an opportunity to master some of the shortcomings of design processes; however, it is not a totalizing phenomenon as such issues as doubts, uncertainties, and ambiguities still largely remain on the drafting table.

Interface of ZnS single sheet and substrates: a first‐principles study

Two‐dimensional materials have aroused great interests because of their unique properties not seen in the bulk counterparts. The interface of the ZnS single sheet and substrates are studied in this paper. Different from isolated ZnS single sheet, here in this study, the ZnS single sheet has a remarkable corrugation feature because of the interaction between the ZnS single sheet and the substrate. The top‐site Zn means an attractive reaction with the substrate while the top‐site S means repulsive. For ZnS single sheet/Si(111) interface, the symmetry of the interface does not decrease after geometry optimization because the two layers have a good lattice matching. For ZnS single sheet/Ag(111) interface, an unbalanced interaction (attractive or repulsive) between the ZnS single sheet (Zn or S atom) and Ag surface leads to remarkable corrugation of the ZnS single sheet and the symmetry of the interface decreases. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A lateralized top-down network for visuospatial attention and neglect.

The lateralization of visuospatial attention has been well investigated and demonstrated to be primarily resulting from unbalanced interaction between interhemispheric fronto-parietal networks in previous studies. Many recent studies of top-down attention have reported the neural signatures of its effects within visual cortex and identified its causal basis. However, the relationship between top-down networks and asymmetric visuospatial attention has not been well studied. In the current study, we aimed to explore the relationship between top-down connectivity and asymmetric visuospatial ability by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses. We used rTMS and RSFC to model the virtual lesion to assess the behavioral performances in visuospatial attention shifting and to identify the behavior-related top-down functional connectivities, respectively. Furthermore, we also investigated the top-down connectivity in neglect patients to validate the RSFC findings. RSFC analyses in healthy subjects and neglect patients consistently revealed that asymmetric visuospatial ability and visuospatial neglect were closely related to the bias of top-down functional connectivity between posterior superior parietal lobule (SPL) and V1. Our findings indicate that stronger top-down connectivity has stronger dominance on its corresponding visual field. We argue that an asymmetric top-down network may represent a possible neurophysiological substrate for the ongoing functional asymmetry of visuospatial attention, and its interhemispheric unbalanced interaction could contribute to the clinical manifestations of visuospatial neglect.

Asymmetry of Parietal Interhemispheric Connections in Humans

Visuospatial abilities are preferentially mediated by the right hemisphere. Although this asymmetry of function is thought to be due to an unbalanced interaction between cerebral hemispheres, the underlying neurophysiological substrate is still largely unknown. Here, using a method of trifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation, we show that the right, but not left, human posterior parietal cortex exerts a strong inhibitory activity over the contralateral homologous area by a short-latency connection. We also clarify, using diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging, that such an interaction is mediated by direct transcallosal projections located in the posterior corpus callosum. We argue that this anatomo-functional network may represent a possible neurophysiological basis for the ongoing functional asymmetry between parietal cortices, and that its damage could contribute to the clinical manifestations of neglect.

A non-cosmopolitan case for sovereign debt relief

This article develops the argument that non-cosmopolitan considerations of justice justify relief of sovereign debt for highly indebted poor states. In particular, the article claims that considerations of national determination warrant some debt-forgiveness in the backdrop of unfair terms of global interaction. In a context of inequality, poor countries cannot generally afford to disregard the costs of ignoring the interests of the wealthiest states. Patterns of unbalanced interaction undermine national self-determination by limiting the poor countries' effective capacity to choose between different policies to achieve development and other worthy goals. In concrete, this article suggests that unequal terms of interaction constrain national self-determination by making of sovereign debt an 'escape mechanism' in the absence of rival alternatives to palliate the effects of underdevelopment and related afflictions, despite the causes of sovereign debt being partly domestic, possibly. Thus, this paper views national self-determination as dependent on the availability of acceptable (non-unbearably burdensome) policy options on the part of states.