Unavailable Name Research Articles

Taxonomic position of the genus Puto Signoret (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae) and separation of higher taxa in Coccinea

Taxonomic characters of the families Pseudococcidae Cockerell, 1898, Putoidae Beadsley, 1969, Pennygullaniidae Koteja et Azar, 2008 and two superfamilies of Coccinea are discussed in view of phylogenetic meaning of these characters. It is shown that Putoidae Beadsley, 1969 is an unavailable name (nomen nudum); moreover, Putoidae sensu Williams et al., 2011 as a separate family considered in the superfamily Orthezioidea (= an informal group of “archeococcids”), is a taxonomic paradox that lies outside of both cladistic and evolutionary concepts in taxonomy and ignores the majority of well-known and carefully proven facts. There is not a single unique apomorphic character in the monotypic family Putoidae; all characters of the genus Puto Signoret, 1875 are plesiomorphies of all scale insects or synapomorphies with other mealybugs or with the closely related Ceroputo Šulc, 1898. Ceroputo is accepted here as a subgenus of Puto. The monotypic fossil family Pennygullaniidae is considered by us a new subjective synonym of Pseudococcidae. The taxonomic and nomenclatural problems connected with the higher taxa of scale insects and other groups of Homoptera are briefly discussed.

Nomenclatural history of Melanophila drummondi ab. nicolayi Obenberger, 1944 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a change of authorship and synonymy under Phaenops drummondi (Kirby 1837), and a new distribution record and summary of larval hosts for the species

Abstract Melanophila drummondi ab. nicolayi Obenberger 1944 has been listed in some of the more recent literature as M. drummondi nicolayi Obenberger, thus creating problems with interpretation of its status as an unavailable name under Articles 13 and 45.6.2 of the ICZN (1999). This issue is discussed. Based on examination of a photograph of the type specimen, we consider the taxon unworthy of separation from Phaenops drummondi (Kirby 1837), which is compared to similar species occurring in its range. A new distribution record and summary of known larval hosts are provided for the species.

A key to species of subgenus Lithochlaenius (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Chlaeniini, Chlaenius), with descriptions of three new species

Three new species of genus Chlaenius Bonelli subgenus Lithochlaenius Kryzhanovskij are described from China: Chlaenius chuanqianensis Liu & Liang, sp. n. (type locality: Xishui, Guizhou Province), Chlaenius linwensini Liu & Liang, sp. n. (type locality: Fujian Province), and Chlaenius propeagilis Liu & Kavanaugh, sp. n. (type locality: Gaoligongshan, Yunnan Province). Seven species of the subgenus are redescribed: Chlaenius agiloides Jedlička, Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, Chlaenius noguchii Bates, Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik, and Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer. Additional taxonomic changes include the following: Chlaenius formosanus Jedlička is treated as a junior synonym of Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik and Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, syn. n. and Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlička as junior synonyms of Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, syn. n. Chlaenius latroLaFerté-Sénectère is considered a nomen nudum stat. n. and unavailable, leaving Chlaenius agilisChaudoir as the next available name. Chlaenius nuristanusaberration rubridipesJedlička is also an unavailable name. Chlaenius formosensisLorenz (=Chlaenius formosanusHabu) is returned to species status stat. n. A key to adults of the 10 known species of subgenus Lithochlaenius is provided.

A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

Mafikengia ciliata gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from South Africa and assigned to the subfamily Bengaliinae of the Calliphoridae. It is recognisable by its small size (4 mm), mostly yellow body, and a number of peculiar characteristics. The upper end of the bacilliform sclerite is attached to the medial side of the posterior portion of the surstylus on each side, a very unusual feature among calliphorids. This medial connection in Mafikengia is found in all genera of Bengaliinae, but is not present in any other calliphorid subfamily. The monophyly of the Bengaliinae is discussed, the subfamily is diagnosed, the component genera are listed, and a key to the world Bengaliinae is presented. The Bengaliinae are a very well circumscribed group within the Oestroidea, and it is suggested that the status of the subfamily might be raised to the rank of family. A cladistic analysis using NONA shows that Mafikengia is more closely related to the Oriental genus Termitoloemus Baranov, 1936 than to any other genus, and that the tribes Auchmeromyiini and Bengaliini may still be upheldas separate monophyletic groups, but with very low support. The Afrotropical nominal genus Neocordylobia Villeneuve, 1929 is reduced to a synonym of Cordylobia Grünberg, 1903, syn. nov. The nominal species Neocordylobia tauffliebi Zumpt, 1958 is transferred to the genus Tricyclea Wulp, 1885, as Tricyclea tauffliebi (Zumpt), comb. nov. A new interpretation of the male genitalia of Termitoloemus marshalli Baranov is presented. The male genitalia of the Afrotropical species Tricycleala maculipennis Villeneuve as well as the male and female genitalia of the Afrotropical genera Adichosina Villeneuve, Ochromelinda Villeneuve and Onesihoplisa Villeneuve are figured. The uterine first instar larva of the female of Ochromelinda thoracica Villeneuve is described and illustrated. The genera Adichosina, Ochromelinda, Onesihoplisa and Zernyiella Zumpt are assigned to the calliphorid subfamily Melanomyinae on the basis of the morphology of the female ovipositor, male aedeagus and first instar larva. The occurrence of this subfamily in the Afrotropical Region is established for the first time. A lectotype is designated for Zernyiella dubia Zumpt, 1956 to fix the interpretation of the name. Auchmeromyia kurahashi Lehrer, 2005 is established as a junior synonym of Auchmeromyia senegalensis Macquart, 1851, syn. nov. Auchmeromyia pattoniella Lehrer, 2005 is an unavailable name [no type designation] in the synonymy of Auchmeromyia bequaerti Roubaud, 1913. Cordylobia ebadiana Lehrer & Goergen, 2006 is established as a junior synonym of Cordylobia rodhaini Gedoelst, 1910, syn. nov. Pachychoeromyia kanemia Lehrer, 2011 is reduced to a synonym of Pachychoeromyia praegrandis Austen, 1910, syn. nov. The family-group name Coganomyinae of Peris & González-Mora, 2004 is established as a synonym of Bengaliinae Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, syn. nov.

Revision of the Lema (Lema) concinnipennis Baly, 1865 species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae) in Japan

Three species of the Lema (Lema) concinnipennis Baly, 1865 species group are found in Japan: L. concinnipennis Baly, 1865; L. cyanella (Linnaeus, 1758); and L. cirsicola Chûjô, 1959. Their apparent similarity causes confusion in identification. We have therefore revised their classification and provide the following taxonomic treatments: the syntypes of L. concinnipennis var. ventralis Kuwayama, 1932 have been identified as L. concinnipennis and L. cyanella, and the latter is designated the lectotype; L. inaequalicollis Pic, 1924 and L. concinnipennis var. ventralis are resurrected from synonymy with L. concinnipennis and newly synonymized under L. cyanella; we have found that L. cyanella ab. nigricans Jacobs, 1926 is an unavailable name, although the name had been accepted as available for a long time; L. sapporensis Matsumura, 1911 is resurrected from synonymy with L. cyanella. In addition, we provide a key to three species, diagnosis, and redescriptions for the three species.

Book review - Thyretini of Africa

Among the different groups of Arctiidae the tribe Thyretini occupies a special position. It was treated as a family in its own for a long time. Since all species occur only on the African continent, including the Arabian Peninsula, the group was regarded as a typical endemic element of the Afrotropical Lepidoptera fauna. It is indeed endemic to Africa, however, it lost its familygroup rank as a result of several phylogenetic studies, and eventually is listed today as a mere tribe among the Syntominae. Unfortunately, together with the taxonomic downgrading the peculiar biogeographic significance of the group moved somewhat out of focus. This is exemplified in the present book. Though the Afrotropical Region as a biogeographic term was stressed in the book’s sub-title and therefore seemingly promised the reader to find something in this field, the book does not provide even a small chapter on distribution or a distribution map. Surely, a catalogue is not the place to present chapters of general interest, but the series Entomonograph was a suitable platform to provide a little bit more than a species-list and taxonomy. Currently 194 species of Thyretini are recognised. Information on the original description, type locality and depositories of type specimens are provided in a list, which is named “Catalogue”. The same list of species with the same numbering is repeated in a second chapter “Description of species”. Here, additional data referring to morphology, biology, distribution and, in some cases, to taxonomic problems are provided for each species, but not for genera and subgenera. The genus-group level is treated in a separate chapter “Taxonomic changes and comments...”, but only seven genera and subgenera are discussed. The new genus Cameroonia is established here, but was not mentioned in the summary of the book. Species of Thyritini often exhibit considerable variability and, therefore, many forms were described and named as aberrations. The author has summarised all these infrasubspecific names into a chapter “Unavailable names”. As a result, the user of the book has to go through several chapters to retrieve the complete information for any particular species. Is this a catalogue? Usually, a catalogue concentrates data for a taxon in one place, and does not split the information deliberately into several lists, as is practicised here. This rather strange design and arrangement makes the book hard to use and inadequate for the purposes of a catalogue. In fact, the book is a mixture of a monograph, an identification manual and a catalogue. It is more substantial than a catalogue but less than a monograph. Nonetheless, the book is a big step forward in the taxonomy of Thyretini. The adults of all species, including type specimens, are illustrated in colour, and the genitalia of both sexes (if known) are presented as b/w photos taken from slides of genital preparations. These are important images for the correct determination of species. Despite the unusual structure of the book, it is, however, an indispensable tool for all Lepidopterists working on the Afrotropical fauna.

Additions and corrections to the new Catalogue of Palaearctic Cerambycidae (Coeloptera) edited by I. Löbl and A. Smetana, 2010

Region Abstract: More than 100 misprints, wrong combinations, wrong geographical records, wrong references, wrong status of certain names, wrong synonyms, wrong authorships and dates of certain names, wrong original combinations, wrong spelling of several names and so on are fixed. Sometimes unavailable names were published as available. Missing names, geographical data and references are added. New synonyms are proposed: Strangalia armata var. manca Schaufuss, 1863 = Strangalia armata var. nigricornis Stierlin, 1864, syn. nov.

Catalogue of the Bolitophilidae and Diadocidiidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera)

The catalogue includes all available and unavailable names that apply to the recent and fossil members of the families Bolitophilidae and Diadocidiidae occurring in the world. Taxonomic references given after each name pertain to the original description with author, year and pages; type locality; type depository and chronological list of synonyms. Complete distributional information from the literature is listed for each species. A total of 81 species-group names in 2 genera are listed for Bolitophilidae, of which 65 are taxonomically valid. For Diadocidiidae, 31 species-group names in 2 genera are listed, of which 26 are taxonomically valid. The following taxonomic changes are made: Bolitophila pulveris Lewis, 1969 is removed from Bolitophilidae, Palaeodocidia Sasakawa, 2004 is treated as syn. nov. of Diadocidia Ruthe, 1831, Diadocidia bifurcata Fedotova & Perkovsky, 2004 is removed from Diadocidiidae and transferred to Cecidomyiidae.

<i>Gompelia</i>, a replacement name for <i>Olotelus</i> Mulsant & Rey, 1866 (Coleoptera, Aderidae)

No disponible

Revision of Eulasia genei Truqui, with description of Eulasia rittneri n. sp. from Israel and synonymic notes on related species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Glaphyridae)

This paper presents a revision of the species Eulasia genei Truqui, 1848. A total of 773 specimens, including all type series of the involved taxa, were examined. Nominal species currently in synonymy with E. genei are discussed. All the current synonyms proved to be wrongly attributed, and the following new synonyms are proposed: Eulasia pretiosa Truqui, 1848 = E. genei chaifensis (Reitter, 1890) = E. japhoensis (Petrovitz, 1972). Eulasia hybrida agricola (Reitter, 1890) is no longer considered a synonym of E. genei Truqui and Amphicoma genei ab. nobilissima Balthasar, 1929 is an unavailable name. Eulasia rittneri n. sp., a species close to and parapatric to E. genei, is described and illustrated. The diagnostic characters are discussed in relation to their discriminating value, with special consideration for the morphology of the aedeagus. A technique for observing the volumetric shape of the endophallus has been modified and used for the first time as such for the study of Scarabaeoidea. On the basis of the large number of specimens gathered, the distribution range of both species is defined and notes on their ecology and phenology are presented.

A catalog of the types of Chrysomelidae sensu lato (Insecta, Coleoptera, Polyphaga) deposited in the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires

The type specimens (all current categories) of Chrysomelidae s.l. deposited in this Museum are listed; 125 names are recorded, 85 of them (68 percent) are represented here by name-bearing types (‘primary’ types), five of them dubious. The family is taken in its broadest sense, including the Bruchinae, Hispinae (along with the former Cassidinae), and other groups sometimes considered as separate families. The specific and subspecific names were alphabetically filed, followed by the generic ones as they were spelled in the original publication, or the generic and specific names in the case of subspecies and varieties. Later combinations and/or current binomina are mentioned insofar as these are known to the authors. Two lists are added: 1. of specimens labelled as types of unavailable names, chiefly those not found in the literature, and supposedly not published, and 2. of specimens labelled as types, but not originally included as such, and published or not after the original description.

Unresolved cases of type fixation, synonymy and homonymy in harpacticoid copepod nomenclature (Crustacea: Copepoda)

Type fixation for each of the 601 valid genera (17 placed incertae sedis) and 13 genera of doubtful identity (genera inquirenda) in the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) has been verified. Twenty-four genus-group names published after 1930 lack the mandatory type fixation and are therefore unavailable. With the exception of Kliopsyllus Kunz, 1962 which is replaced by its senior synonym Emertonia Wilson, 1932, such names are made available here by either attributing the original name to the first author(s) who explicitly fixed a type species (Psammastacus Nicholls, 1935; Alteuthellopsis Lang, 1944; Idyellopsis Lang, 1944; Paralaophonte Lang, 1944; Robertgurneya Lang, 1944; Cladorostrata Shen & Tai, 1963; Micropsammis Mielke, 1975; and the subgenera Rheocamptus Borutzky, 1948 and Scottopsyllus Kunz, 1962;) or by adopting the name taking the present authorship and date (Paranannopus Lang, 1936a; Paraidya Sewell, 1940; Apodopsyllus Kunz, 1962; Scottolana Por, 1967; Barbaracletodes Becker, 1979; Ameiropsyllus Bodin, 1979; Chilaophonte Mielke, 1985; Psammonitocrella Rouch, 1992; Tectacingulum Harris, 1994; and the subgenera Intermedopsyllus Kunz, 1962 (corrected spelling Intermediopsyllus) and Fiersiella Suárez Morales & Iliffe, 2005). In two cases a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will be required to avoid upsetting a long-accepted name in its accustomed meaning (Halectinosoma Lang, 1944; Heterolaophonte Lang, 1944). The recently proposed generic name Pilocamptus Wells, 2007 does not satisfy the provisions of ICZN Art. 13.1 and is here made available by explicit citation of a bibliographic reference that provides a diagnosis purported to differentiate the taxon. Rhizothrix Brady & Robertson, 1876 is an unavailable name which was first made available by Sars (1909a). The unavailable generic name Scottopsyllus Kunz, 1962 has no potentially valid synonym and is replaced by the next oldest available name from among its subgenera, i.e. Wellsopsyllus Kunz, 1981 (ICZN Art. 23.3.5). The unavailable subgeneric name Psyllocamptus (Langpsyllocamptus) Kunz, 1975b is not reinstated because it denotes a taxon that is based exclusively on plesiomorphies. New replacement names have been proposed for preoccupied generic names in the harpacticoid families Canthocamptidae (Poria Lang, 1965; Dahlakia Por, 1986a), Dactylopusiidae (Sewellia Lang, 1965), and Leptopontiidae (Ichnusella Cottarelli, 1971). The preoccupied generic name Anoplosoma Sars, 1911c (family Ameiridae) is replaced by a previously proposed, but subsequently forgotten, replacement name, Anoplosomella Strand, 1929. Nomina nova are also suggested for Parathalassius Dussart, 1986 (Calanoida: Centropagidae) and Berea Yamaguti, 1963 (Cyclopoida: Chondracanthidae) which have entered into homonymy with previously established names. The junior synonym Alteutha Baird, 1846b is considered valid, taking precedence as a nomen protectum over the older names Sterope Goodsir, 1845 and Carillus Goodsir, 1845 (nomina oblita). Similar reversal of precedence applies to the family-group names Peltidiidae Claus, 1860 and Tisbidae Stebbing, 1910 which are junior subjective synonyms of Steropinae Dana, 1854 and Scutellidiinae Claus, 1889, respectively. Since the type of Idomene Philippi, 1843 is identified as a member of the Clausidiidae (Cyclopoida), the generic name Xouthous Thomson, 1883 is reinstated to accommodate all remaining species currently placed in Idomene. The forgotten copepod genus Microchelonia Brady, 1918 is placed in the family Laophontidae and considered a senior subjective synonym of Namakosiramia Ho & Perkins, 1977. The family-group name Pontostratiotidae A. Scott, 1909 (type: Pontostratiotes Brady, 1883) is a senior subjective synonym of Cerviniopseinae Brotskaya, 1963 (type: Cerviniopsis Sars, 1903) and the former is consequently reinstated at the subfamilial level. The family-group name Huntemanniidae Por, 1986a (type: Huntemannia Poppe, 1884) is a junior subjective synonym of Nannopinae Brady, 1880a (type: Nannopus Brady, 1880a) and the latter is reinstated as the valid name at family rank and with the spelling corrected to Nannopodidae. The family-name Paranannopinae Por, 1986a is a nomen nudum based on an unavailable generic name and is replaced by Danielsseniinae Huys & Gee in Huys et al., 1996. Four orphaned taxonomic groupings created by the removal of the type species – but not of the remaining species included in a genus – require an existing (previously invalid) or new generic name. Amphiascus Sars, 1905a is a senior objective synonym of Paramphiascopsis Lang, 1944 and must be restricted to the species currently included in the latter; a new genus Sarsamphiascus (type: Dactylopus minutus Claus, 1863) is proposed to receive all remaining Amphiascus species. The new generic names Monardius gen. nov. and Glabrotelson gen. nov. are proposed for the orphaned taxonomic groupings resulting from the removal of the types of Teissierella Monard, 1935a to Robertsonia Brady, 1880a, and of Hastigerella Nicholls, 1935 to Arenosetella Wilson, 1932, respectively. Leptomesochra Sars, 1911b is a senior subjective synonym of Interleptomesochra Lang, 1965 and must be restricted to the latter’s taxonomic concept; the previously unavailable generic name Leptameira Lang, 1936d is reinstated under the present authorship and date to assemble all remaining Leptomesochra species.

Description of two new species of Leptinopterus Hope (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) with notes on the taxonomy and natural history of the genus

Two new species of Leptinopterus are described, both from southern Brazil: L. asketus new species and L. assimilis new species. Two new synonymies are also made; L. rotundicollis Lüderwaldt and L. luederwaldti de Moraes are synonymyzed with L. tibialis (Eschscholtz). The correct identities of two unavailable names are discussed: “L. nitidus ab. lepidus” with L. affinis Parry and “L. elegans ab. catharinensis” with L. gracilis Boileau. For the first time, some natural history notes for five species of Leptinopterus are reported and some information on their behavior is also given. The identity of Leptinopterus gracilis is correctly determined after an examination of a picture of the holotype.

A review of the genus Hoplasoma (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia, with the description of H. bosi sp. nov.

The species of the genus Hoplasoma Jacoby, 1884, family Chrysomelidae, from Sulawesi are reviewed. One species new to science, H. bosi Bezděk, sp. nov., is described. Hoplasoma celebensis ab. butonensis Weise, 1922 is treated as an infrasubspecific unavailable name conspecific with H. celebense Jacoby, 1886. The lectotypes are designated for H. apicale Jacoby, 1884, H. celebense Jacoby, 1886 and H. rostripenne Allard, 1888. The drawings of male abdomina and male genitalia are presented for all species. Identification key for species from Sulawesi is given. The gender of the generic name Hoplasoma is explained and fixed as neutrum.

A new species of Xenorhipis LeConte and of Mastogenius Solier from Mexico, with a discussion of Chrysobothris ichthyomorpha Thomson and its allies and notes on other Mexican and Central American Buprestidae (Coleoptera)

Xenorhipis bajacalifornica Westcott, new species, from Baja California Sur, Mexico, is described and figured. A description of Mastogenius cyanelytron Westcott, new species, herein is necessitated by the fact M. cyanelytra Westcott is an unavailable name. Three species in a complex Neotropical group of the genus Chrysobothris, C. chiriquita Obenberger, new status, C. ichthyomorpha Thomson, and C. thomsoni Waterhouse are discussed in detail and figured. A lectotype is designated for C. chiriquita. Buprestis transversepicta Kerremans is reported as known only from Mexico and is figured. Notes are provided for an additional 135 species in the genera Acmaeodera, Acmaeoderopsis, Actenodes, Agrilaxia, Agrilus, Buprestis, Chalcophora, Chrysesthes, Chrysobothris, Colobogaster, Euchroma, Eudiana, Euplectalecia, Hiperantha, Hippomelas, Jelinekia, Knowltonia, Lampetis, Mixochlorus, Paragrilus, Pelecopselaphus, Polycesta, Spectralia, Tetragonoschema, and Thrincopyge.

The genus-group names of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) and their type species, with a new genus, new name, new synonymies, new combinations and lectotypifications

Information is provided for 346 genus-group names used in Mutillidae, including 53 unavailable names: eight nomina nuda, seven lapsus calami, 36 incorrect subsequent spellings and two not considered valid when proposed. Of the 293 available names, 238 are currently considered valid: 208 of these are generic and 30 are subgeneric, 161 are known from both sexes, 40 from males only and 30 from females only (for the other seven one sex is uncertainly associated); of the 55 invalid names, 12 are objectively invalid (eight junior homonyms, four junior objective synonyms), 42 are junior subjective synonyms and one is a nomen dubium. Gender, type species and kind of fixation, taxonomic history and status, sex association, and distribution data are given for each available name. The following new nomenclatural acts are included: Wallacidia Lelej & Brothers gen. nov. (type species Mutilla oculata Fabricius, 1804) is proposed for Radoszkowskius sensu Lelej, 1996, 2005; Mutilla triguttata Lelej & Brothers nom. nov. is proposed for Mutilla africana André, 1895 (not Gistel, 1848); Peringueyella Nonveiller & Ć etković, 1995 and Peringeyotilla Nonveiller & Ć etković, 1997 are synonymized with Acanthomutilla Nonveiller, 1995 syn. nov. which is raised to generic status; Paralletilla Pagliano, 2005 is synonymized with Ronisia Costa, 1858 syn. nov.; Mutilla lobicornis André, 1907 is synonymized with Mutilla argenteopicta Sichel & Radoszkowski, 1869 syn. nov.; Pristomutilla curtispinosa Bischoff, 1921 and Lophotilla makalanga Bischoff, 1920 are synonymized with Lophotilla comparanda Bischoff, 1920 syn. nov.; new combinations are proposed for Apteromutilla aethra (Péringuey, 1899), comb. nov. (from Mutilla), Ceratotilla feminaeformis (Bischoff, 1920), comb. nov. (from Myrmilla), Ceratotilla inalata (Bischoff, 1920), comb. nov. (from Myrmilla) and Trogaspidia cooki (André, 1895), comb. nov. (from Mutilla and Timulla). Lectotypes are designated and illustrated for Ischioceras rugosa Provancher, 1882 (female) and illustrated for Mutilla simplicifascia Sichel & Radoszkowski, 1869 (female).

Case 3399DichochrysaYang, 1991 (Insecta, Neuroptera): proposed conservation by ruling thatNavasius eumorphusYang & Yang, 1990 is an available name

The purpose of this application, under Articles 13, 67.2.1 and 67.8 of the Code, is to conserve the name Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 for a widespread and speciose genus of Old and New World green lacewings. The name Dichochrysa is a replacement name for Navasius Yang & Yang, 1990, which is a junior homonym of Navasius Esben-Petersen, 1936, but Dichochrysa is unavailable from its original publication because it is based on the unavailable specific name Navasius eumorphus Yang & Yang, 1990. It is proposed to conserve the name Dichochrysa by ruling that the name Navasius eumorphus is available from its publication by Yang & Yang (1990).

A review of the Indo-Pacific bonefishes of the Albula argentea complex, with a description of a new species

In this statement about numbers of nominal and valid species, the bonefish Albula argentea (Forster in Bloch and Schneider 1801) of the western and South Pacific, previously regarded as an unavailable name, is a senior synonym of Albula forsteri Valenciennes (an unnecessary replacement name for A. argentea) and A. neoguinaica Valenciennes. It is easily distinguished from the wide-ranging A. glossodonta (Forsskal 1775) by its more pointed lower jaw and higher vertebral and lateral-line scale counts. It is most similar to the Indian Ocean A. oligolepis, described here as a new species, and the endemic Hawaiian A. virgata Jordan and Jordan, resurrected from synonymy. Albula argentea differs from its two related species by higher counts of pored lateral-line scales and vertebrae. It has 68–74 (mode 70) lateral-line scales vs. 61–65 (63) for A. oligolepis and 63–67 (65) for A. virgata, and 71–74 (73) vertebrae vs. 64–66 (65) for A. oligolepis and 65–68 (67) for A. virgata. Albula virgata differs further from A. oligolepis in having the pelvic fin tip reaching beyond the anus (vs. short of or just reaching anus) and higher numbers of scale rows above the lateral line 9–10 (9) vs. 7½–8 (8) for A. oligolepis.

The Cretaceous Scelionid Genus Proteroscelio Brues (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea)

Abstract The genus Proteroscelio Brues is redescribed and P. gravatus, n. sp., is described from Lebanese amber (Aptian age, 112–122 mya). The relationships between Proteroscelio and other scelionids is discussed. The described species of fossil platygastroids are tabulated. The taxa represented by the unavailable names “Eopteromalites fushunensis” Hong, “Leptogasterites brunneus” Hong, “L. furvus” Hong, and “Sinilongicapito guchengziensis” Hong, recently described from Fushun, Liaoning, China (50 mya), should all be classified as scelionids. The replacement name Sinoprotelenomus Zhang n. name is proposed for Protelenomus Zhang, 1989 (preoccupied by Protelenomus Kieffer, 1906).

Review of the Neotropical blackfly subgenus Inaequalium Coscarón & Wygodzinsky (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on adults and pupal morphology

The species of the subgenus Inaequalium are reviewed based on adult and pupal morphology. All main taxonomic characters are fully illustrated together with a key to pupae for species identification. Discussions on the species’ taxonomy and brief summaries of their distribution and biology are also provided. As a result of this study, 14 species are now included in the subgenus Inaequalium. They are placed into two species groups, the botulibranchium species group with three species and the inaequale species group with 11 species, including two that are treated as species inquirendae: S. lurybayae Smart and S. parimaense Ramírez-Pérez, Yarzábal, Takaoka, Tada & Ramírez. Simulium lurybayae Smart, S. margaritatum Pepinelli, Hamada & Luz and S. maranguapense (Pessoa, Ríos-Velásquez & Py-Daniel) are now placed in the inaequale species group. Two lectotypes are designated for the following species: S. clavibranchium Lutz and S. diversibranchium Lutz. Simulium hauseri (Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias) is regarded as an unavailable name.