Unavailability Of Facilities Research Articles

Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method Approach

Though many initiatives and monetary benefits are incorporated under RNTCP/NTEP, many patients might incur some out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) related to diagnosis, treatment, and hospitalization. Such costs lead to further poverty and default. This study estimated OOP costs. A cross-sectional mixed method study was conducted in 2020. Data were collected from two selected UHCs (both public and private sectors) from all eight administrative zones. A total of 278 newly registered drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients at different stages of treatment were enrolled, and 18 IDIs were done after obtaining the consent. Among 278, 231 (83%) were seeking the treatment from the public sector and 47 (17%) from the private sector. The average direct, indirect, and total costs were Rs. 8812, Rs. 4825, and Rs. 13,637, respectively. Extra food and supplements are the major field of expenditure for those enrolled in the public sector. Higher costs were incurred by the private sector patients. Longer distances, a long waiting time, belief systems, and unavailability of facilities or drugs were the common reasons for not visiting the public sector. IDI results also supported the cost heads. The majority of the expenses occurred at the private settings before diagnosis. IDIs suggested to changes in the programmatic approach toward migrants, industrial workers, and women.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengemukakan Pendapat Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Kelas II di SDN Sungai Raya Kabupaten Raya

In general, students have a high curiosity about the knowledge that has been given by the teacher in a learning process, but only some students dare or are able to express their opinions in asking questions or giving responses. This study aims to plan, implement and describe the evaluation of the learning outcomes of the demonstration method of the ability to express opinions at SDN 27 Sungai Raya Kubu Raya. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study on the ability to express opinions in Cycle 1 showed that 79.16% of children were in the category of Not Yet Brave (BB) and 50% of children were Starting to Brave (SSB). In Cycle II, 58.33% were in the category of Not Yet Brave (BB), and 89.67% were in the category of Already Brave (SSB). In Cycle III, the remaining 16.6% were in the category of Not Yet Brave (BB), and 125% were Starting to Brave (SSB). Based on the results of this study, there was an increase in the level of Already Brave (SMB) according to the achievement indicators, but the level of Already Very Brave (SSB) had not yet increased. This is likely due to insufficient time and the unavailability of facilities and infrastructure that can support the learning activities to take place properly.

Increasing Community Economic Capability Through Optimizing Urban Farming Areas

This service program aims to optimize the urban farming area in Genitri Village, Pisang Candi Subdistrict, Malang City so that it can produce processed agricultural products with high marketability. Partners have problems regarding the unavailability of facilities and infrastructure to support urban farming activities. The service team was also present in the work program, including adding varieties of vegetable and fruit plants, building irrigation and sanitation channels, building public bathrooms, making processed agricultural products, and marketing products. The results of the service show that optimizing facilities and infrastructure can help make it easier for residents to cultivate urban farming areas to produce processed products with high selling value. The profits obtained from selling processed agricultural products are proven to provide high profits so that they can improve the economy of residents as MSMEs

Pengembangan Pembelajaran Ekstrakurikuler Di SDN 036 Ujung Berung Dan SDIT Qordova Berdasarkan Analisis SWOT

The research aims to describe the development of extracurricular learning at SDIT Qordova and SDN 036 Ujung Berung based on the results of the SWOT analysis. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with data collection carried out using interviews, observation, literature and also documentation. The instrument used in this study is a SWOT analysis that considers strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results of the study show that the main strength of the two schools is the availability of various types of extracurricular options that facilitate various interests and talents of students. The drawback is the unavailability of facilities from several extracurriculars such as rooms and fields. The main opportunity is the potential of students in non-academic fields to develop so that they have the opportunity to become a quality and achieving school, and the threat is low student participation and attendance in participating in extracurricular activities. The findings and observations made at two schools, namely SDIT Qordova and SDN 036 Ujung Berung, show that the development of extracurricular learning is very important.

Integration of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge in 21st Century Learning

This study aims to describe the implementation of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) in learning in senior high schools. The research approach used is qualitative with descriptive type. Data was collected by conducting in-depth interviews and data analysis using analysis using the Miles and Huberman model with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of TPACK in SMA has not been implemented optimally. This is because there are several obstacles encountered such as the unavailability of facilities that support optimally in several schools. The facilities in question include internet networks and learning tools in the form of computers and LCDs. In addition, the increase in the ability of teachers to implement TPACK-based learning is still uneven. This is a challenge in applying TPACK to learning optimally. The alternative chosen in learning is to use conventional learning by utilizing the facilities available at school.

Penerapan permainan tradisional congklak lidi sebagai media membangun karakter anak sekolah dasar

Character building of children basically aims to educate children to have the best performance and be moral. Traditional games are inherited and contain noble values. Traditional games contain values that can be used as media to build children's character. The Congklak Lidi game is a traditional game that contains high values for characters such as morals, problem-solving, and self-control. The problem of this activity partner was the unavailability of facilities, infrastructure, and resources to implement these traditional games. The purpose of this program was to apply the traditional game of Congklak Lidi to elementary school children in order to install positive values to build children's character, such as problem-solving, unyielding spirit, self-control, and honesty. The Congklak Lidi game program was applied to 29 children aged 6-12 years (grades 1st – 6th). The program was planned to be implemented in partner schools, but due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation was carried out in several areas in East Java according to the area of origin of each facilitator. The result of this program is the congklak lidi can be implemented at home hence the children’s characters can be learned.

MANAGEMENT MODEL OF ILLEGAL LOGGING CONFISCATED GOODS AT RUPBASAN INSTITUTIONS IN THE PROVINCE

Management of confiscated illegal logging goods in general has been regulated by the Decree of the Director General of Corrections Number E2.UM.01.06 of 1986, and has been completed by Decree of the Director General of Corrections Number E1.35.PK.03.10 of 2002 concerning Implementation Guidelines and Technical Instructions for the Management of Confiscated Objects The State and the State's Loot in Rupbasan. The same thing is also regulated in Article 44 of the Criminal Code which states "confiscated goods are deposited at the General Meeting of Shareholders". However, the implementation of the confiscation of illegal logging itself, both found and confiscated timber is regulated in the Ministry of Forestry Regulation Number: P.48/Menhut-II/2006 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Auction of Finding, Confiscated and Looted Forest Products. The specific objectives of this study are to identify and analyze the management arrangements for confiscated illegal logging goods at the Rupbasan in Aceh Province and the management of confiscated illegal logging goods at the Rupbasan in Aceh Province. acceptance, research, registration, storage, maintenance, transfer, rescue, security, release and deletion as well as reporting. This is in accordance with the Decree of the Director General of Corrections Number E1.35.PK.03.10 of 2002 concerning Implementation Guidelines and Technical Guidelines for the Management of State Confiscated Goods and State Loot at Rupbasan which is a refinement of the Decree of the Director General of Corrections Number E2.UM.01.06 of 1986 . The unavailability of facilities and infrastructure in the form of warehouses at Rupbasan in Aceh is a problem experienced by Rupbasan in the management of confiscated goods from illegal logging, and the wide working area of Rupbasan agencies in Aceh is a separate problem in the management of confiscated goods from illegal logging. The Government is advised to provide adequate warehouses for storing confiscated goods at the Rubsahan in Aceh, and to establish a minimum of 5 (five) Rupbasan agencies with working areas of 4 to 5 districts/cities.

Urgency of developing the capacity building on Saniri institution

The Government of Hunut Village, Baguala District, Ambon City has built several state saniri units as traditional institutions on customary lands with their main tasks and functions. The type of research used is qualitative research with descriptive elaboration. Furthermore, this research will be conducted in Mamala State, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. Interviews in this study were conducted by asking informants or informants, namely the Mamala State Saniri, Mamala State Government Employees, Soa Heads, Community Leaders, and Traditional Leaders. Strategy for strengthening the capacity of sanitation institutions in Mamala Country. The results obtained are that in carrying out the duties and functions of the State, Saniri has not been maximized. The reason is, the senior has only been carrying out its duties and functions for approximately seven months. The factors that affect the performance of Saniri are the human resources factor of the Saniri institution itself and the unavailability of facilities and infrastructure to support the work of the Sansiri institution.

Strengthening School Counseling Guidance Activities through e-counseling

Cybercounseling is defined as a professional counseling practice that occurs when the counselee and counselor are separately and utilize electronic media to communicate via the internet. Several problems arise in student coaching activities by Guidance Counseling teachers, namely: not yet optimal use of cyber counseling applications, recording of student progress, which is still done manually, and the unavailability of facilities for students to express academic and non-academic problems. The technology provided is an e-counseling application. The method used in this activity is an e-counseling implementation workshop. Computer Vocational Schools as partners have been involved in the stages of needs identification, implementation, and trials. The school elements involved are Principals, Students, BK teachers, and homeroom teachers. This technology provides an alternative repository of student development. Based on the results of the workshop, it was found that the repository was available at 85% and the usability level of the system was 75%.

Efisiensi Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara dalam Sistem Work From Home

In order to minimize the spread of the new type of corona virus or SARS-CoV-2 which causes covid-19, people are asked to work, study and worship from home. face-to-face activities to be postponed or canceled. work from home has the same obligations and responsibilities as working from the office. work from home has challenges and obstacles that are not easy, because not all sectors of work can be done from home. The research objective was to determine and analyze the efficiency of performance and to determine the factors inhibiting the efficiency of the performance of the State Civil Apparatus in the Work from Home system in the Regional Office VI of the Medan State Civil Service Agency. with qualitative methods, data analysis techniques using descriptive research. The results showed that during WFH the cost of office expenses was reduced by 40% each month, the employees who are obliged to be in WFH are those who use public transportation and are over 50 years old, but it does not rule out the possibility that the age below 50 can still be in WFH, sick condition. Inhibiting factors in implementing WFH are the unavailability of facilities and infrastructure such as laptops / computers, printers and internet data packages, interference from family members, procrastinating work, prioritizing work at home compared to office work. It is recommended that employees during WFH create a special room, list of jobs, time limits, and communicate regularly with superiors.

Ethnic Specific\xa0body fat percent prediction equation as surrogate marker of obesity in Ethiopian adults

BackgroundApplication of advanced body composition measurement methods is not practical in developing countries context due to cost and unavailability of facilities. This study generated ethnic specific body fat percent prediction equation for Ethiopian adults using appropriate data.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried ifrom February to April 2015 among 704 randomly selected adult employees of Jimma University. Ethnic specific Ethiopian body fat percent (BF%) prediction equation was developed using a multivariable linear regression model with measured BF% as dependent variable and age, sex, and body mass index as predictor variables. Agreement between fat percent measured using air displacement plethysmography and body fat percent estimated using Caucasian prediction equations was determined using Bland Altman plot.ResultsComparison of ADP measured and predicted BF% showed that Caucasian prediction equation underestimated body fat percent among Ethiopian adults by 6.78% (P < 0.0001). This finding is consistent across all age groups and ethnicities in both sexes. Bland Altman plot did not show agreement between ADP and Caucasian prediction equation (mean difference = 6.7825) and some of the points are outside 95% confidence interval. The caucasian prediction equation significantly underestimates body fat percent in Ethiopian adults, which is consistent across all ethnic groups in the sample. The study developed Ethnic specific BF% prediction equations for Ethiopian adults.ConclusionThe Caucasian prediction equation significantly underestimates body fat percent among Ethiopian adults regardless of ethnicity. Ethiopian ethnic-specific prediction equation can be used as a very simple, cheap, and cost-effective alternative for estimating body fat percent among Ethiopian adults for health care provision in the prevention of obesity and related morbidities and for research purposes.

Sustainable Tourism Potential and Strategies for Development as An Industry in Pakistan. Factors Effecting Tourism

Pakistan is home to about 216 million people and most of the population is earning less than 10 $ a day. Pakistan, like any other beautiful European country, is a huge market for tourism as it offers not only the beauty of nature but also the diversity of cultures. In fact, tourism is the most profitable and entrepreneurial business, especially for people living in mountainous areas as it creates new jobs and reduces unemployment for them. But unfortunately, the number of tourists visiting Pakistan fluctuates from year to year.Therefore, the aim of my thesis is to find out the positive and negative factors affecting the tourism industry in Pakistan, to compare the performance of our tourism industry with some potential neighboring countries to find out where Pakistan stands and in terms of competition, it lacks, to find out the role of the government in improving this industry and to suggest some possible strategies for improving this industry.The Primary data was collected from domestic and international tourists through interviews, and survey questionnaires inside and outside the country in 2019 when I was in Pakistan and data collected from tourist operator was done there. The Secondary data was collected from my personal visit to PTDC and the Ministry of Tourism in 2019. Estimated results have reprimanded the fact that poor access, development, weakness, margins and the country's persistent social / political problems are the factors that have reduced the proportion of tourist visits to Pakistan. Secondly, the government of Pakistan has also failed to implement policies and strategies that could have been a catalyst for the tourism industry. The conclusion drawn from the collected data is that Pakistan's tourism industry fluctuates greatly in the alternate years, ie the reasons for this decline from 2005 to 2016 are linked to the country's political and social problems and Lack of active participation Tourism officials. Domestic and international tourists love the nature, culture, and food of Pakistan and 80% of them want to travel around Pakistan but unfortunately, due to insurgency and unavailability of facilities their travel rate Decreased. But the recent year from 2017-2019 Pakistan new government take immediate steps and Pakistan tourism industry growth have been increase in recent years. But still, we are back behind in tourism industry our neighbors’ countries like China and India where tourism industry having more and more powerful every year.My suggestions for the development of this industry are that governments should take the tourism industry seriously and improve the tourism infrastructure, overcome the insurgency in the country as soon as possible, and strengthen relations with the outside world. Establish, present image, positive image of Pakistan through media etc. so that the status and quality of Pakistan's tourism industry can be improved globally.Research limitations encountered during data collection include limited information sharing by PTDC and the Ministry of Tourism as their data is not updated properly. Secondly, since 2020 world suffer from COVID-19 and there are many restrictions and limitations behind the scene like no one could travel due to COVID. So, I used the idea of conducting a survey online through helping social media groups and online survey. The important aspect or value of this research is that it has considered almost all the important factors affecting the tourism industry in terms of potential tourists and finally has come up with some suggestions that will make the current deterioration of this industry worse Can improve the situation the required words.

Menstrual Hygiene Practices Among Adolescent Girls in Junior High Schools in Selected Communities of Ashanti Region, Ghana

INTRODUCTION: Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to the females and menstrual hygiene is still a problem for adolescent girls especially in low and middle income countries particularly when attending school. This issue is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention in the reproductive health sectors in developing countries including Ghana and its relationship with the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). &#x0D; &#x0D; OBJECTIVES: This study examined the knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls, the cultural beliefs that influence menstrual hygiene practices, and the problems adolescent girls face in practicing menstrual hygiene.&#x0D; &#x0D; METHODOLOGY: A quantitative research method using descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed in the study. Using a multi-staged sampling technique, a sample size of 151 adolescents in Juniors High schools who had reached menarche was selected from four (4) schools located in Asamang, Sekyere south District of Ashanti region of Ghana. Data was collected through a researchers&amp;rsquo; constructed and validated questionnaire titled &amp;ldquo;Adolescents knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene questionnaire (AKPMHQ)&amp;rdquo;. Data was analysed using simple frequencies and percentages.&#x0D; &#x0D; RESULTS: The study revealed that 68(45%) of the girls were in the Junior High School three (JHS3) and 88(58.5%) of them ranged between 14-15 years. Most of them (74.2%) had pre-menarche education given by their family members. Most of the parents 94(62.3%) had secondary education. Majority of the girls practiced good menstrual hygiene. Their culture does not exert much influence on their knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene. However, there were some myths which are not scientifically based. Most of the girls experience some challenges during menstruation such as lower abdominal pain 77(51.0%) and unavailability of facility in school to change during menstruation 61(40.4%).&#x0D; &#x0D; CONCLUSION: The adolescent girls are knowledgeable about menstrual hygiene and also have good menstrual hygiene practices. However, there exist few cultural practices in the community that may have negative effect on their knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene in the midst of some physical and social challenges experienced by the adolescents during menstruation.

Exclusive Breast Feeding Management: Qualitative Study on Working Mothers in Kalibawang District, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta

Background : Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Kalibawang, Kulon Progo, Yogyakartawas 688 in mothers (69.8%)in 2015, which mean did not reach intended target set by Health Ministry of 80%. One of the factors that can affect the failure of exclusive breast feeding is the flurry of mother andstart working. This study was aimed to investigate the exclusive breast feeding lactation management of qualitative study on working mother. Subject and Methods : This was a qualitative study, conducted in Yogyakarta, in July-September 2016. A total of 12 mothers with breast feeding and start working and 4 midwives who came from four Posyandu in Kalibawang. The data collected using the in-depth interviews, observation, document, and the data analyzed was using interactive analysis Miles and Huberman. Results : The result showed that knowledge management of lactation nursing mothers on mother and started working pretty well. Lactation management socialization barriers still prevailing lack of consciousness of mothers against the practice of lactation management because of lack of support from family, while the barriers experienced by mothers and started working in the lactation management do was the lack of opportunity is flushed and the unavailability of facilities in the workplace, as well as the existence of the syndrome of exclusive breastfeeding for less. Conclusion : the implementation of lactation management on mom and started the work influenced factor, there is cake and family support. Mothers tagline enhanced his motivation for coming to the meeting heldby the Clinics in order to be knowledgeable about lactation management can better yet so that the scope of exclusive breast feeding can match target. belonging to the Ministry of health. Keywords : lactation management, exclusive breastfeeding, working mothers Correspondence: Eva Putriningrum. School of Health and Sciences, STIKes Jenderal Ahmad Yani, Yogyakarta. Journal of Health Policy and Management (2016), 1(1): 13-19 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2016.01.01.03

Large Ameloblastoma of Mandible: Our Experience with Intermaxillary Fixation

Ameloblastomas are benign dental tumors, constituting 15% of oral neoplasms, most frequent odontogenic tumor of the jaw. Patient presenting at a late stage usually presents with large swelling with facial deformity. We present a case of 50 years old male who presented with recurrent ameloblastoma on the left side of the mandible causing facial disfigurement and functional impairment. Adequate removal of the tumor required hemimandibulectomy and intermaxillary fixation was done without any bony reconstruction. We would like to focus on the excellent postoperative result with regard to facial symmetry and functional improvement obtained in this case, though the available management protocols differ and are more advanced in current scenario. This case report gives hope and guidance to the surgeons who face difficulty in managing the deforming benign bony tumors due to the unavailability of facility and funds to reconstruct.

Constraints on Recreational Fishing Participation in Queensland, Australia

Abstract In response to a sharp decline in recreational fishing participation in Queensland, Australia, I sought to identify constraints experienced by fishers in Queensland and understand how demographic variables, fishing participation variables, and fishing motivations influence the amount and type of constraints experienced. In a survey of Queensland recreational fishers, 70% reported experiencing constraints-predominantly lack of time, crowding, unavailability of facilities, and costs associated with fishing. Fishers with higher incomes, fishers with higher centrality of fishing to lifestyle, fishers who placed higher importance on motivations related to catching fish and relaxation, and fishers who were male were more likely to experience constraints. With the exception of gender, variables found to have a significant effect on the presence of constraints also had a significant influence on the types of constraints experienced. Results provide insight into factors affecting recreational fishing part...

Barriers to Instructional Technology Use Among Malaysian Public University Academicians

Despite the benefits of technology use in instruction, in general it has not been widely accepted within institutions of higher education in both developed and developing nations. Previous studies have indicated that its use by faculty members in higher education has been generally minimal. This study examined: i) the nature and extent of use of certain instructional technologies by university lecturers, and ii) reasons that has hindered the utilization of instructional technologies by lecturers in a Malaysian public university. The findings of the study revealed that despite the growing availability of newer technologies and the greater familiarity with technologies by faculty members, they reportedly continue to rely on the more familiar technologies (such as audiovisual media and word processing) for their class instruction. The widespread use of the newer and more innovative technologies (such as presentation software, computer conferencing, distance learning technologies and multimedia technologies) by the lecturers seems to be occurring at a slow rate. On the basis of the responses to reasons for not using a instructional technology, the primary reasons most frequently reported by were unavailability of facilities or resources, technology not necessary, lack of knowledge and skills, and lack of time.

Cost estimation in flat plate processing using fuzzy sets

Cost estimation in Flat Plate Processes (FPP's) involves a combination of man, machine and resources and consequently, a combination of physical processes, engineering resources and economic laws as well as actions and behaviour of people should be taken into consideration. Thus, in cost estimation process, apart from physical and engineering variables, there often exist several subjective criteria, which need to be described qualitatively and linguistically. In addition, there are some probabilistic or random variables including labour fatigue, shortage of resources and materials, failure of machines, unavailability of facilities and so on, which can not be accurately predicted. Using analytical and mathematical approaches, it is not possible to quantify and transform these imprecise and subjective criteria and random factors into proper input variable in the cost estimation model. Therefore, the state of uncertainty should be considered in cost estimation problem in some ways. In this paper, fuzzy sets and probability distribution approaches are applied to tackle the problem of uncertainty in cost estimation in order to generate reliable cost estimates in flat plate processing industry.