Unanticipated Events Research Articles

Negotiating insider research through reactive collaboration: challenges, issues and failures

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the ways in which reactive researcher collaboration helps to manage some of the challenges present in insider research.Design/methodology/approachEmploying (auto)biographical reflections from across two different case-studies, the authors explore the ways in which reactive collaboration is enmeshed with issues associated with researching the familiar in a marketized university environment.FindingsThe authors develop the term “reactive collaboration” to explore the ways in which insider research projects have to deal with a range of challenges from within their own research community. Reactive collaboration is as much about insider research solidarity as it is with reacting to anticipated and unanticipated events during the research process (and how inside researchers do and do not deal with them). Reactive collaboration highlights the successes as well as the failures of insider researchers negotiating complex research situations.Originality/valueThe authors show how reactive collaboration occurs in challenging research environments, including the joys, sorrows and failures. The authors argue that the challenges and benefits of insider research can be helpfully crystalised through reactive collaboration.

Effect of manipulation technique using ultrasound-guided cervical nerve root block on range of motion at the shoulder joint in frozen shoulder: a retrospective study

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the range of motion (ROM) at the shoulder joint before and after silent manipulation.MethodsThis retrospective study included all patients who underwent silent manipulation at our institution between January 2013 and December 2017. In total, 1,665 shoulders in 1,610 patients (519 men, 1,146 women; mean age 55.4 ± 8.8 years) were treated during the study period. The mean symptom duration was 6.6 ± 7.1 months. ROM at the shoulder joint was measured in flexion, abduction, and external rotation before silent manipulation and at 1 week and 1, 2, and 3 months after the procedure.ResultsMean ROM at the shoulder was 98.8° (95% confidence interval [CI] 97.9–99.8) before silent manipulation and 155.5° (154.1–156.8) after 3 months in flexion (p = 0.0000), 75.6° (74.5–76.8) and 152.9° (151.0–154.9), respectively, in abduction (p = 0.0000), and 12.7° (12.0–13.4) and 45.9° (44.4–47.4) in external rotation (p = 0.0000). All ROM values were significantly increased at all time points after the procedure. There were no unanticipated adverse events or serious adverse reactions.ConclusionsThis study reports on the efficacy and safety of manipulation using conduction anesthesia for shoulder contractures in a large group of patients. Silent manipulation can increase ROM at the shoulder safely and effectively.

Is This the Way to Amarillo? Reading Denise Riley with Derek Attridge

Abstract This essay responds to a challenge offered by the avowed bafflement of the critic and prosodist Derek Attridge faced with a poem by Denise Riley, ‘Lone Star Clattering’. It argues that Attridge’s adoption of an interpretative approach derived from Don Paterson, employing a step-by-step and constrictive cognitive framing, cannot succeed with a late Modernist lyric poem. Drawing on classroom experience with the same poem, it describes a prevalent cats-cradle approach as a variant on such constrictive reading, where a small group of external referents is grabbed onto, and the poem forced into unseemly conformity with them. The essay proposes instead a practice of feline reading characterized by a hovering casual interest, a constant scan of the sensual and mental fields so that their contours are felt, while sustaining a hair-trigger responsiveness to any unanticipated event along with a Keatsian tolerance of irresolution.

Surviving a Cyberattack in Anatomic Pathology: Disaster Response and Creation of an Incident Command System

Abstract Laboratories are increasingly reliant on networked electronic health information systems and therefore especially vulnerable to prolonged downtimes for a variety of reasons, which can be planned or unanticipated events. Our hospital was the victim of a cyberattack causing a complete shutdown of all computer systems, a downtime that lasted 25 days. The effects were devastating for patients, hospital employees, financials, public opinion, and hospital operations. After a week of downtime in the anatomic pathology laboratory, it became evident that our laboratory needed to rethink our organizational structure in order to regain operational status. It was then that we developed an Incident Command System, which allowed for 2-way communication and provided the adaptability and support needed to respond to the rapid process changes needed during the crisis.

Psychological distress and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to assess psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) and associated factors among healthcare professionals working at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based...

Assessing the Implication of Climate Change to Forecast Future Flood Using CMIP6 Climate Projections and HEC-RAS Modeling

Climate change has caused uncertainty in the hydrological pattern including weather change, precipitation fluctuations, and extreme temperature, thus triggering unforeseen natural tragedies such as hurricanes, flash flooding, heatwave and more. Because of these unanticipated events occurring all around the globe, the study of the influence of climate change on the alteration of flooding patterns has gained a lot of attention. This research study intends to provide an insight into how the future projected streamflow will affect the flooding-inundation extent by comparing the change in floodplain using both historical and future simulated scenarios. For the future projected data, the climate model Atmosphere/Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) developed by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is used, which illustrates that the flood is increasing in considering climate models. Furthermore, a comparison of the existing flood inundation map by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) study with the map generated by future projected streamflow data presents the entire inundation area in flood maps, implying the expansion area compared to FEMA needs to be considered in making emergency response plans. The effect of flooding in the inundation area from historical to future flow values, presented mathematically by a calculation of inundation extent percentage, infers that the considered watershed of Rock River is a flood-prone area. The goal is to provide insights on the importance of using the forecasted data for flood analysis and to offer the necessary background needed to strategize an emergency response plan for flood management.

A Research Article on Crises Management in Pharmacovigilance

A series of unanticipated adverse events or adverse drug reactions (ADRS) that occur over a short period of time and, if confirmed, call into question the risk/benefit ratio, resulting in a crisis situation. In general, a crisis is a period of trauma, discomfort, and changes that are unavoidable. It is frequently difficult to forecast what triggers a crisis, but crises almost always result in changes—typically for the worse. A crisis has the potential to have a major negative impact on the (organization's) operations or to expose the (organization) to severe environmental, economic, reputational, or legal risk. A low-probability, high-impact circumstance that essential stakeholders regard as endangering the organization's viability and that these individuals subjectively perceive as hazardous.

Phase I dose-escalation study of IBI351 (GFH925) monotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors.

3110 Background: IBI351(GFH925) is an irreversibly covalent inhibitor of KRASG12C. In this first-in-human dose-escalation study, we report the preliminary safety and anti-tumor activity of IBI351 (GFH925) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors harboring the KRAS p.G12C mutation. Methods: Pts with locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic solid tumors with KRASG12C mutation for whom standard therapy had failed were enrolled. Phase I dose escalation had an accelerated titration design for dose level 250mg QD and a BOIN design with 450/700/900mg QD. The primary end points were safety and tolerabilityThe secondary end points were pharmacokinetics (PK) and anti-tumor activity of IBI351(GFH925) monotherapy per RECIST v1.1. Results: As of Feb 07 2022, 15 pts (13 men, 2 women; median age: 62 yrs, range: 48–74 yrs) were enrolled, among whom 12 had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and 3 had colorectal cancer (CRC). 4 pts had ≥3 prior lines of treatment (tx). Median tx duration was 66.5 ds (range: 21–98 ds). No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) or any ≥grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in any dose cohorts. A total of 12 patients (80.0%) had treatment-related adverse events (grade 1, n = 6; grade 2, n = 6). By investigator-assessment, tumor response was evaluated in 9 pts (4 with ≥2 assessments); 6 pts had not reached their first assessment. 2 pts had PR (1 NSCLC at wks 12, 450mg, tx ongoing; 1 CRC at wks 6, 700mg, tx ongoing), 4 pts (NSCLC) had SD, and 3 pts had PD (1 NSCLC at wks 12, 2 CRC at wks 6). As data cut-off date, 11 pts were continuing to receive IBI351 (GFH925). Conclusions: IBI351(GFH925) was well-tolerated without unanticipated adverse events across all doses explored in pts with advanced solid tumors harboring the KRAS p.G12C mutation. The data also demonstrated the preliminary efficacy signal of IBI351 (GFH925) in previously treated advanced NSCLC and CRC. Clinical trial information: NCT05005234.

Remote Collaborative Writing: A Guide to Writing Within a Virtual Community of Practice.

Remote Collaborative Writing: A Guide to Writing Within a Virtual Community of Practice.

Trade Linkage and Transmission of Geopolitical Risks: Evidence from the Peace Progress in 2018

Purpose - Using unexpected changes in geopolitical tensions on the Korean peninsula as a quasinatural experimental setting, we examine whether and how geopolitical risks travel across borders through firm-level imports and exports linkages. We also test whether the effects are driven by either imports or exports and assess whether firms can effectively hedge themselves against geopolitical risks.
 Design/methodology - We focus on a series of unanticipated geopolitical events taken place in Korea in 2018. Making use of the shocks to geopolitical climate, we identify five milestone events toward peace talks. We employ the event studies methodology. We examine heterogenous firm-level stock price reactions around key event dates depending on firms’ exposure to geopolitical risks. As a measure of firms’ exposure to geopolitical risks in Korea, we utilize a text-based measure of firm-level trade links. When a firm announces and discusses its purchase of inputs from Korea or sales of outputs to Korea in their annual disclosure filings, we define a firm to have a trade relationship with Korea and have exposure to Korean geopolitical risks. Similarly, we use a measure of a firm’s hedging policies based on a firm’s textual mention of the use of foreign exchange derivatives in their annual disclosure.
 Findings - We find that U.S. firms that have direct trade links to Korea gained significantly more value when the intensity of geopolitical risks drops compared to firms without such trade links to Korea. The effects are pronounced for firms purchasing inputs from or selling outputs to Korea. We find that the effectiveness of foreign exchange hedging against geopolitical risks is limited.
 Originality/value - We document the international transmission of geopolitical uncertainty through trade linkages. Export links as well as import links serve as important nexus of transmission of geopolitical risks across borders. Hedging strategies involving foreign-exchanges derivatives do not seem to insulate firms again geopolitical risks. With the recent movements of localization and reshuffling of the global value chain, our results suggest a significant impact of geopolitical risks in Korea on the construction of the global value chain.

Using Simulations to Train Medical Students for Unanticipated Technology Failures in Telemedicine.

Simulations offer a safe environment for health professional training and the opportunity to predictably and consistently introduce events or variables that may be rare or dangerous in a live setting. Exposing trainees to unanticipated events during simulations can improve their ability to adapt and improvise. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth worldwide and highlighted the need for better training in health professional schools. In the United States, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) published new telehealth competency standards in 2021. The AAMC stated that health care providers should be aware of the risks of technology failures, capable of troubleshooting them, and lead systems interventions to improve safety. However, the AAMC does not provide guidance on the specific failures or solutions. In this study, we developed a set of technology failures that can be simulated in a telehealth curriculum. We incorporated one technology failure into a simulated telehealth encounter and gathered students' (N = 53) feedback on the exercise. Students' feedback was overwhelmingly positive. They agreed that integrating technology failures into telehealth simulations provides important practice managing these events during clinical encounters. While telehealth is an important healthcare delivery modality that can improve access-to-care, it is imperative to train medical students to navigate technology failures so that can adeptly manage these issues in clinical practice.

Ageing assets at major hazard chemical sites – The Dutch experience

Operators of major hazard chemical sites increasingly face the problem that their assets are ageing. This paper highlights the major hazard aspects of ageing, particularly in the Netherlands where there are around 400 major hazard chemical sites, many coming to the end of or exceeding their design lifetime. Targeted inspections find failures in the safety management of ageing and every year there are ageing related accidents. Dutch investigated major accidents are analysed in a bow-tie structured database called Storybuilder, which contains 83 major accidents resulting from material degradation, this being 25% of all accidents in the database. The paper provides unique details on the accident causes and the difficulties operators have in foreseeing the outcomes. It explains the reasons for taking a holistic approach to modelling, which considers management, human and technical aspects. The analysis results provide information on the safety barrier, barrier task and barrier management failures. A detailed ageing accident scenario is also illustrated within the holistic model. Two prevention approaches are suggested. One uses scenarios as a basis for identifying the necessary prevention measures. The other results from a Dutch multi-disciplinary maintenance programme concerning smart maintenance, a shared initiative approach of companies looking for innovative solutions. The conclusion is that a scenario-based approach is needed for identifying currently unanticipated material degradation causal events and that, given the condition of ageing assets, a shift to condition-based maintenance, combined with technical, organisational and cultural changes, underpins the future approach to physical ageing.

Causes of Nurses' Second Victim Distress: An Objective Analysis.

Unanticipated adverse events could harm not only patients and families but also health care professionals. These people are defined as second victims. Second victim distress (SVD) refers to physical, emotional, and professional problems of health care professionals. While positive patient safety cultures (PSCs) are associated with reducing severity of SVD, there is a dearth of research on the association between PSCs and SVD and the mediation effects in those associations. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between PSCs and SVD and verify the multiple mediation effects of colleague, supervisor, and institutional supports. A cross-sectional study using a self-report questionnaire was conducted among 296 nurses in South Korea. The participants were selected by quota sampling in 41 departments including general wards, intensive care units, etc. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and multiple mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 and the PROCESS macros. Nonpunitive response to errors, communication openness, and colleague, supervisor, and institutional supports had negative correlations with SVD (Ps < .05). In the multiple mediation model, a nonpunitive response to error showed a significant direct effect on SVD (direct effect β = -.26, P < .001). Colleague, supervisor, and institutional supports showed a significant indirect effect between nonpunitive response to error and SVD; colleague (indirect effect β [Boot LLCI-Boot ULCI] = -.03 [-0.06 to -0.00]), supervisor (.03[0.00 to 0.07]), and institutional support (-.04 [-0.07 to -0.01]). The study suggests that establishing nonpunitive organizational cultures is an effective strategy to reduce SVD. The findings highlight the importance of promoting programs that strengthen PSCs in hospitals and prioritizing support resources to reduce SVD among nurses.

The Egyptian stock market's reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on Egyptian stock market returns and volatility between July 2018 and June 2021.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to examine the impact of COVID-19 on two basic stock market indices (EGX30 and EGX100). In addition, the heteroskedasticity corrected model (HCM) was employed to differentiate between the effects of each subsequent wave of the pandemic.FindingsThe results of the GARCH model revealed that all COVID-19 variables have a significant impact on the daily returns of EGX100, but an insignificant impact on that of EGX30. The mortality rate and transmission speed increased the market volatility of EGX30 daily returns. The results of the HCM confirmed that the Egyptian stock market reacted more nervously to the first wave than to the second, while the impact was not detected in the third wave.Practical implicationsThis study provides useful insights to investors and policymakers in handling the negative influence of unanticipated events. To retain economic stability, the Egyptian government can impose fiscal stimuli and consider policies to combat the impact of the pandemic.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first attempts to differentiate between the effects of subsequent waves of the pandemic on the stock market in Egypt, one of the largest economies in Africa.

Crew Autonomy During Simulated Medical Event Management on Long Duration Space Exploration Missions.

Our primary aim was to investigate crew performance during medical emergencies with and without ground-support from a flight surgeon located at mission control. There are gaps in knowledge regarding the potential for unanticipated in-flight medical events to affect crew health and capacity, and potentially compromise mission success. Additionally, ground support may be impaired or periodically absent during long duration missions. We reviewed video recordings of 16 three-person flight crews each managing four unique medical events in a fully immersive spacecraft simulator. Crews were randomized to two conditions: with and without telemedical flight surgeon (FS) support. We assessed differences in technical performance, behavioral skills, and cognitive load between groups. Crews with FS support performed better clinically, were rated higher on technical skills, and completed more clinical tasks from the medical checklists than crews without FS support. Crews with FS support also had better behavioral/non-technical skills (information exchange) and reported significantly lower cognitive demand during the medical event scenarios on the NASA-TLX scale, particularly in mental demand and temporal demand. There was no significant difference between groups in time to treat or in objective measures of cognitive demand derived from heart rate variability and electroencephalography. Medical checklists are necessary but not sufficient to support high levels of autonomous crew performance in the absence of real-time flight surgeon support. Potential applications of this research include developing ground-based and in-flight training countermeasures; informing policy regarding autonomous spaceflight, and design of autonomous clinical decision support systems.

Developing Global Competence in Global Virtual Team Projects: A Qualitative Exploration of Engineering Students’ Experiences

The incorporation of digital learning and teaching tools has been recognized as presenting an opportunity to maximize access, quality, and inclusion, especially when it comes to international education. Unanticipated events, such as the COVID 19 pandemic, can result in profound disruptions to teaching and learning, and the use of these tools can provide mitigation to these disruptions. This paper reports on the design and study of an InVEST global virtual team (GVT) program that incorporates global competency training modules (GCMs) and leverages digitization to engage engineering students across multiple locations deeply in global collaborative work — a skillset that is critical for 21st-century engineers. Study results showed the GCMs were effective in helping students develop the global competencies necessary for international virtual collaboration. We also highlight challenges and provide recommendations for practice.

Myopericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination: unexpected but not unprecedented

In the midst of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, rapid development of highly effective vaccines was enthusiastically welcomed. Unfortunately, myopericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination was an unanticipated adverse event. In The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Ryan Ruiyang Ling and colleagues commendably review the risk of this adverse event in the context of risk after other vaccines.1 Their study provides an important perspective on the historical global experience with cardiac adverse events after vaccination.

Identification of outcomes to inform the development of a core outcome set for surgical innovation: a targeted review of case studies of novel surgical devices

ObjectiveOutcome selection and reporting in studies of novel surgical procedures and devices lacks standardisation, hindering safe and effective evaluation. A core outcome set (COS) to measure and report in all...

From Economic Integration to Near Elimination: The Economic Consequences of Isolation

This paper captures the labor market consequences of the Gaza Blockade (2007–), a politically motivated and unanticipated event that provides a rare opportunity for a natural experiment. I am aided by the fact that the West Bank is a natural comparison group for examining the Gaza Blockade. Using a difference-in-difference framework, I find that, relative to domestic workers in the West Bank, those in Gaza experienced an additional 11% point increase in the unemployment rate and an additional 13–20% reduction in real wages. The long-term effect (3 years later), on real wages was at least 1.5 times larger. Rising wage inequality was another consequence of the Blockade, which manifested itself in an upsurge in industry wage differentials and to a lesser extent, the skill premium. This paper also discusses the impact of the crisis on the sectoral composition of the Gazan economy, particularly as a result of the severe contraction of non-service industries in the private sector. While the Gaza Blockade constitutes an extreme case of a massive economic shock and a radical departure from the close economic integration experienced in earlier decades, the results of this study can nevertheless serve to shed light on how other open economies are likely to respond to the increasingly common imposition of restrictions on trade and factor mobility such as economic sanctions, visa restrictions, and trade wars. The effects of such barriers to trade and labor mobility are particularly dire in the absence of labor reforms designed to mitigate their adverse effects. KEYWORDS : Middle East; conflict; economic development; labour; wages; trade

Risk Management Theory and Model in Teacher Characters Building Course: A Literature Review

This literature review compares the similarities of theories and models that are often applied in sports risk management, outdoor activity, facilities, practices achieving course and organizational goals. Exposure to the risk of loss, injury, and accident while organizing outdoor activities encourages organizations to study risk management theories and models to avoid unanticipated events. Risk management theories and models such as Domino's Accident Causation Theory (DACT), Peterson Accident Theory (PAT) and Ferrel Human Factor Theory (FHFT) and six risk management models, such as Berg Risk Management Model (BRMM), Public Risk Communication Model (PRCM), The Kaiser Model (KM), the Berlonghi Model (BM), the Mulrooney Model (MM) and the Clement Model (CM) discussed in this concept paper, in the perspective of the implementation of the Teacher Characters Building (TCB) course. The contribution of this literature review sketches a comparison of constructs used in risk management theory and model, using similarities table, and conclude that public risk communication and stakeholder constructs should be recognized as constructs in the development of Teacher Characters Building risk management model.