Unacceptable Behavior Research Articles

How do adolescents perceive intimate partner violence and its associated issues?

ABSTRACT In the UK, adolescents, particularly those aged 16 to 19, are among the most vulnerable groups to suffer intimate partner violence (IPV). Health promotion and intervention on this phenomenon is therefore significant and important. Due to the fact that varied definitions related to IPV have been documented in educational practice, it is unclear what knowledge adolescents have obtained from previous schooling and how they perceive IPV issues. To adequately prevent IPV and its associated issues from adolescent students, it is of crucial importance to examine how they understand definitions of IPV and their current knowledge of healthy or unhealthy, acceptable or unacceptable behaviours. To achieve this, mixed methods research was conducted to elicit students’ knowledge and understanding towards IPV episodes. Results from this study indicated that adolescents outlined inadequate understandings of IPV, an endorsement of some IPV myths and wrong conceptions of IPV-related issues existed among those in this sample. The findings of this study can be used to assist policy makers, educational practitioners and future researchers in understanding the crucial aspects of IPV-related issues among adolescent students.

Education and domestic violence: Evidence from a natural experiment in Turkey

AbstractWe utilize a natural experiment, an education reform increasing compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years in Turkey, to obtain endogeneity‐robust estimates of the effect of male education on the incidence of domestic violence against women. We find that husband's education lowers the probability of physical, emotional, and economic violence. Schooling lowers also the likelihood of having an arranged marriage and makes men less inclined to engage in various socially unacceptable behaviors. We show that these findings are very robust to alternative regression specifications and restricted sample estimation. Finally, we argue that assortative mating implies that the educational outcomes of the two spouses are correlated. Our findings are robust to accounting for the husbands' and wives' education jointly. Moreover, when we separate the two effects, we show that the favorable effect of education can be attributed causally to men's education rather than to the education of their wives.

Parameter uncertainty and noise effects on the global dynamics of an electrically actuated microarch

This work aims to study the effect of uncertainties and noise on the nonlinear global dynamics of a micro-electro-mechanical arch obtained from an imperfect microbeam under an axial load and electric excitation. An adaptative phase-space discretization strategy based on an operator approach is proposed. The Ulam method, a classical discretization of flows in phase-space, is extended here to nondeterministic cases. A unified description is formulated based on the Perron–Frobenius, Koopman, and Foias linear operators. Also, a procedure to obtain global structures in the mean sense of systems with parametric uncertainties is presented. The stochastic basins of attraction and attractors’ distributions replace the usual basin and attractor concepts. For parameter uncertainty cases, the phase-space is augmented with the corresponding probability space. The microarch is assumed to be shallow and modeled using a nonlinear Bernoulli–Euler beam theory and is discretized by the Galerkin method using as interpolating function the linear vibration modes. Then, from the discretized multi degree of freedom model model, an accurate single degree of freedom reduced order model, based on theory of nonlinear normal modes, is derived. Several competing attractors are observed, leading to different (acceptable or unacceptable) behaviors. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of noise and uncertainties on the coexisting basins of attraction, attractors’ distributions, and basins boundaries. The appearance and disappearance of attractors and stochastic bifurcation are observed, and the time-dependency of stochastic responses is demonstrated, with long-transients influencing global behavior. To consider uncertainties and noise in design, a dynamic integrity measure is proposed via curves of constant probability, which give quantitative information about the changes in structural safety. For each attractor, the basin robustness as a function of a stochastic parameter is investigated. The weighted basin area can quantify the integrity of nondeterministic cases, being also the most natural generalization of the global integrity measure. While referring to particular micro-electro-mechanical system, the relevance of the dynamical integrity analysis for stochastic systems to quantify tolerances and safety margins is underlined here.

Low-Cost Indirect Measurements for Power-Efficient In-Field Optimization of Configurable Analog Front-Ends with Self-X Properties: A Hardware Implementation

This paper presents a practical implementation and measurement results of power-efficient chip performance optimization, utilizing low-cost indirect measurement methods to support self-X properties (self-calibration, self-healing, self-optimization, etc.) for in-field optimization of analog front-end sensory electronics with XFAB 0.35 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The reconfigurable, fully differential indirect current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA) performance is intrinsically optimized by employing a single test sinusoidal signal stimulus and measuring the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the output. To enhance the optimization process, the experience replay particle swarm optimization (ERPSO) algorithm is utilized as an artificial intelligence (AI) agent, implemented at the hardware level, to optimize the performance characteristics of the CFIA. The ERPSO algorithm extends the selection producer capabilities of the classical PSO methodology by incorporating an experience replay buffer to mitigate the likelihood of being trapped in local optima. Furthermore, the CFIA circuit has been integrated with a simple power-monitoring module to assess the power consumption of the optimization solution, to achieve a power-efficient and reliable configuration. The optimized chip performance showed an approximate 34% increase in power efficiency while achieving a targeted THD value of −72 dB, utilizing a 1 Vp-p differential input signal with a frequency of 1 MHz, and consuming approximately 53 mW of power. Preliminary tests conducted on the fabricated chip, using the default configuration pattern extrapolated from post-layout simulations, revealed an unacceptable performance behavior of the CFIA. Nevertheless, the proposed in-field optimization successfully restored the circuit’s performance, resulting in a robust design that meets the performance achieved in the design phase.

Biopsychosocial needs and problems among preschool children with speech impairment

Background Speech impairment means a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Aim The current study aimed to assess the biopsychosocial needs and problems of preschool children with speech impairment. Design A descriptive research design was utilized in the current study. Setting The current study was done in outpatient phonetic clinic at El-Menofeya University Hospital. Sample A purposive sample of 200 preschool children with determined inclusion criteria. Tools for data collection Demographic and medical history questionnaire for children with speech impairment, biopsychosocial needs scale for preschool children with speech impairment and biopsychosocial problems scale for preschool children with speech impairment. Results The current study showed that 69% of the selected children with speech impairment were aged from 4 to 5 years with a mean of 4.2±1.0. Regarding Sex, 54% of selected children were males. While 47% and 46% of their fathers and mothers had diploma levels respectively. Regarding physical needs, 58% of them usually ate healthy and preferable foods. Regarding psychological needs, 71% of the selected children were sometimes satisfied with love and compassion and had family support to overcome fear. Related to social needs, 66% of the selected children were encouraged to participate in group activities. Concerning biopsychosocial problems, 63% of them sometimes had a lack of appetite. Similarly, 48% and 70% had aggressive reactions and fears from others, except for family members, and did not interact with peers easily. Conclusion The study concluded that 86%, 82% and 86% of selected children were satisfied with their physical, psychological, and social needs, respectively, while 92.5% of the selected children needed medical and nursing intervention related to biopsychosocial problems and 7.5% of them needed to modify the unacceptable behaviors related to biopsychosocial problems. Recommendation The study recommended the need for further researches on a large scale to assess biopsychosocial needs and early detection of biopsychosocial problems among preschool-aged children with speech impairment in different community settings. Furthermore, applying biopsychosocial assessment for needs among preschool age children with speech impairment in all phonetics outpatients’ clinics and speech centers.

Study on Juvenile Delinquency among Adolescents in Secondary Schools

Today, more than ever, the problem of juvenile delinquency pricks at the conscience of many societies, and India is not an exception. In this study, the researcher discusses the experiences and views of teachers of secondary schools regarding juvenile delinquency and the apparent moral decline among their learners. The problem was investigated from the perspective of socio-education, a field of research which, amongst others, studies the role of social factors that feature in the development of children and youth during their growth to adulthood. In Indian schools, the problem of juvenile delinquency is a issue. In his article on discipline in the Free State township schools, Masitsa (2008: 234- 236), cites a number of newspaper reports of juvenile delinquency among school children. This problem is not unique to South Africa, but affects many industrialised countries today (Rossouw, 2003: 416). De Wet’s study (2004: 206) on school vandalism, which is an example of antisocial behaviour, reveals that the problem also affects Britain, USA, Canada, France, the Netherlands and Australia, amongst others. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research design for this study was a combination of quantitative and mainly qualitative, descriptive and interpretive enquiry, thus a mixed method research (MMR) approach. The study conducted on 91 samples. Data was collected using questionnaire and focus group interview. RESULTS: The delinquency rates in selected schools are very high. In addition, it was found that male learners, more than female learners, exhibit the most antisocial behaviour. In general, both genders, at varying rates disrespect authority, have the habit of lying, engage in theft, vandalism, truancy, substance and alcohol abuse, inappropriate sexual behaviour resulting in teenage pregnancy, and gangsterism, amongst others. The variable of location indicates that schools in formerly disadvantaged areas such as townships, squatter and rural areas experience the most antisocial behaviours by learners, as compared to their counterparts in formerly advantaged areas. Most teachers’ personal encounters of the problem in city schools seemed to be minimal. Some teachers of schools that are situated in middle class areas in townships shared similar sentiments to those of their city counterparts. Although the rate of learner misconduct is alarming, it can be contained as evidenced by behavioural changes witnessed in those learners who are remorseful. This suggests that intervention strategies do play a positive role in curbing unacceptable behaviour. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that the majority of teachers in secondary schools are aware of the huge challenge posed by delinquent learners with regard to teaching and learning. The major perceptions the study gathered were that the dawn of a democratic dispensation in 1994 worsened adolescent delinquency and rendered many previously disadvantaged schools dysfunctional

"Turning back the clock": A positive strategy for changing unacceptable youth behavior.

This paper describes "Turning back the clock" (TBC)-an innovative strategy addressing unacceptable or coercive youth behavior based on nonviolent principles, inspired by the nonviolent resistance movement (NVR)-also called connecting authority or caring authority (CA) approaches to guidance and supervision of parents and other adults. Variants of NVR/CA have been evaluated as effective in RCT and pre-post designs. TBC has not been evaluated regarding its effectiveness but shows promising usability in case studies. The aim of this description of the TBC strategy is to encourage development and testing of its usability on large scale to improve it and pave the way for effectiveness evaluations. The core of TBC is to create possibilities for improving behavior without delay by negotiating the social timeline narrative. This allows improvement through reenactment of events immediately after having said or done something unfortunate or unacceptable instead of waiting for the next comparable situation. Adults introduce the strategy by modeling it before youths are encouraged to improve their own misbehavior immediately without waiting for a later opportunity. Finally, adults declare that a set of unacceptable behaviors will be considered disqualifying to any request or demand, but that attempting again as if it had not happened can be a possibility: Using the TBC strategy. This declaration is intended to increase youth's interest in using TBC themselves, and with successful use reduce escalation of conflicts into coercion and threats.

Cultural beliefs and practices on perinatal death: a qualitative study among the Lango community in Northern Uganda

BackgroundPerinatal death has profound psychosocial effects on women and their families. Sociocultural contexts influence the burden, rituals and bereaved’s support. Little is known about cultural beliefs and practices related to perinatal death. This study explored the cultural perspectives of the Lango community on perinatal death.MethodsThis study utilised a focused ethnographic design anchored on a symbolic interactionist framework to understand the meanings attached to beliefs and practices on stillbirth or neonatal death among the Lango community in Lira District, Northern Uganda. Participants were sampled purposively for FGD while key informants were identified through snowballing technique. Data were audio recorded in Lango, transcribed, and later translated, a codebook was developed and data entered into Atlas. ti version 8.4.26 and then coded. It was analysed both deductively and inductively into themes.ResultsStillbirth and early neonatal death both attract similar rituals as would an older child. Burial is not rushed and is attended by family members and close friends. Stillbirths and children that die before naming are buried without names. Bereaved families are comforted and encouraged about future pregnancies. Currently, Lango associates the deaths to biomedical explanations such as teenage pregnancies, inadequate pregnancy care, health system challenges and poor health-seeking behaviour, unlike previously when they were attributed to consequences of unacceptable social behaviours, superstitious beliefs and witchcraft. Antenatal care and health facility childbirths are currently preferred over traditional practices for good pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionStillbirth or early neonatal death is viewed as the death of a child, different from other settings. Thus, rituals are performed to honour, create memory, and maintain the connection with deceased babies. Bereaved parents are supported. Health care workers need to provide culturally sensitive support to parents after perinatal loss. The prevailing beliefs of perinatal death cause in terms of biomedical explanations consistent with known determinants and preference for health facility care for prevention creates an opportunity for improving perinatal health.

Embracing our responsibility to ensure trainee competency.

Embracing our responsibility to ensure trainee competency.

Critical incidence reporting about medical teaching.

Previous end-of-semester evaluation cycles at our medical school revealed critical incidents about medical teaching. In one instance, a lecturer had frightened students, and in another case, a learning video contained misogynist statements. However, incident information reached the office of the dean too late for appropriate measures. Critical teaching incidents can compromise students and lecturers personally and may adversely affect the medical training. Early identification and efficient resolution are required to protect personal integrity and wellbeing of all parties, to ensure teaching quality and to prevent future incidents. Although critical incident reporting systems (CIRS) are well established in healthcare systems to prevent patient harm, a personal approach of complained management is still common in the field of teaching. However, due to the large number of students and the broad range of issues that could arise, an appropriate processing appears not to be warranted. Emotional thresholds and confidentiality requirements may prevent students and lecturers to address complaints and concerns. Parties may fear social pressure, disadvantages in their studies or work, and reprisal. We set up a CIRS which was made available to students and lecturers after only 2 months of development and roll out of the associated IT project. To this end, we used an agile project management methodology based on the Scrum framework because of its simplicity, its potential of adaption and its ability to enhance team productivity.1 Development started with definition of needs regarding the CIRS, the so-called ‘product backlog’ by the ‘product owner’ represented by the Dean for medical education. Only minimum requirements of functionality were claimed for the time of launch. Subsequently, the ‘Scrum master’, in person the head of eHealth applications, called a meeting with the development team to prioritise activities and divide the project into ‘sprint cycles’ that should be completed within a two-month time-box. The development team consisted of the division head of student- and lecturer administration, the division head of quality development in medical education, and the university hospital healthcare risk manager. During the following Scrum process, frequent brief meetings were held to adjust prioritisation of tasks according to upcoming challenges and impediments and to functionalities achieved so far. CIRS for teaching was launched in due time. The CIRS application works on the learning management system of our medical school. Access is available for enrolled students and lecturers of the respective courses. Anonymity of submitters is ensured unless they agree to their identities being revealed. Incidences were categorised within a pre-defined drop-down menu. Categories included unacceptable behaviours of lecturers or students, no-show of the lecturer, poor teaching quality, irregularities during the exam, irregularities about allocation of resources, problems concerning use of digital teaching media, technical and organisational problems to enrol at the university hospital, no availability or cleanliness of course rooms, and miscellaneous. In addition, submitters can enter free text commentaries into a dialogue box. Each input will be sent immediately and directly to the responsible body and may be forwarded to the Dean for medical education depending on importance.

Lingual nerve injury during extraction of mandibular third molars: Are we extracting correctly?

Introduction: Neurological injuries including lingual nerve damage are among the most devastating complications of mandibular third molar extraction. Various causes of lingual nerve damage have been proposed in literature including the surgical technique.
 Objective: This study aims to assess the adverse outcomes of the removal of mandibular third molars in terms of the frequency of lingual nerve injury (LNI).
 Methodology: This prospective case series was carried out at Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad. Surgical extraction was performed after raising both lingual and buccal mucoperiosteal flaps for surgical access. Ostectomy and tooth sectioning was performed while protecting the lingual flap with a passively placed periosteal elevator. Patients were recalled for the assessment of lingual nerve status, one week postoperatively. 
 Results: Out of the total of 1487 teeth extracted temporary lingual nerve injury was observed in just two cases (0.13%) both of which were extracted because of recurrent pericoronitis. None of the patients had a permanent neurological deficit. 
 Conclusion: For improving civility in nursing college, insight into incivility among students and faculty members is to be developed and policies to be in place to address unacceptable behaviors in a timely and effective manner. A surgical technique using careful lingual flap elevation and passive retraction results in the prevention of iatrogenic lingual nerve injury.

Consultations for refractory cases in mental health services: a descriptive study

BackgroundYearly, almost six percent, which is more than 1,000.000 people, in the Netherlands receive mental health treatment, which usually improves their quality of life. Concurrently, mental healthcare professionals recognize clinically refractory cases in which improvement fails to occur, with severe ongoing burdens for patients. The Dutch Centre for Consultation and Expertise (CCE) is available to support such refractory cases. The Dutch government’s (financial) facilitation of consultation through the CCE is unique in the world. CCE consultations provide therefore unique insight into and an overview of refractory cases in mental health services. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the commonalities underlying the reasons for CCE consultations and the solutions proposed that play roles in (the reduction of) refractory cases for which consultation has been requested.MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted with quantitative and qualitative data from 472 CCE consultations in the Netherlands. Using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis, four exemplary situations were distilled from the qualitative data.ResultsMost (83%) cases in the sample could be explained with four exemplary situations involving self-harm (24.2%), aggression (21.8%), self-neglect (24.4%), and socially unacceptable behavior (12.5%), respectively. Each situation could be characterized by a specific interaction pattern that unintentionally maintained or aggravated the situation. At the time of closure of the consultation applicants’ questions had been answered and their situations had improved in 60.4% of cases.ConclusionsThis study offers an overview of approaches that provided new perspectives for patients and professionals in many refractory cases in the Dutch mental health services.

Zagrożone dorastanie wyzwaniem dla współczesnej działalności pedagogicznej

The reality, in which young generation grow up not always conduce the harmonious progress. In the text there is some information connected with the danger that have the influence on children and youth's life. Presented analysis shows the area of difficulties and their background. The aim of the article is to show the actual problems and activate pedagogical reflections on the specificity of work with growing up. They were also discussed issues concerning difficulties appearing on the socialization process and their mechanisms. It was taken problematic aspects on preparing youth to resopnsible and satisfying life. It was shown the understanding of honest diagnosis in identify problems, disorders and unacceptable behavior of growing up and set the way of educational and preventive work. Keywords: socialization, education, risky behavior, revention, resocialization

Who Controls the Controller? People Reaction to Social Control Agent's Decisions about Organizational Misconduct

AbstractSocial control agents (SCAs) discipline organizations and draw the line between appropriate organizational behaviour and misconduct. While prior research focuses on the SCA‐organization relationship, we theorize how a key audience (people) interacts with an SCA depending on its decisions to sanction or not organizational misconduct. Building on sociological and organizational research on social norms and their enforcement, we expect that people are more likely to agree with an SCA that sanctions a behaviour that violates rule‐based as opposed to value‐based norms. Violations of rule‐based norms generate more agreement because such norms are less ambiguous and ascertaining when they are violated is easier to establish. As people agree more with SCA decisions to sanction rule‐based violations, we expect that the propensity of people to resort to the SCA increases. We find support for our hypotheses with a survey, a series of experiments, and the analysis of complete data on complaints by UK citizens to the Advertising Standards Authority – the UK SCA on advertising – over the period 2007–10. Our paper contributes to research in organizational misconduct by showing how SCAs are both an evaluating entity and an evaluated one and by shedding light on how people co‐determine what an acceptable or unacceptable behaviour is. Our paper uniquely links macro‐ and micro‐level studies on corporate misconduct, putting centre stage that SCA's authority essentially depends on a key audience's agreement with the SCAs' underlying norms that underpin their decisions.

Neglectful Parenting and Personality Traits as Predictors of Malevolent Creativity among Ghanaian Tertiary Education Students

Creative potentials are diverse in humans and can be manifested when influenced by other unobservable and observable factors. In light of this, we examined the predictive roles of neglectful parenting and personality traits on malevolent creativity. The cross-sectional design was used to survey 623 participants. Data for the study were collected with adapted neglectful parenting, personality traits, and malevolent creativity scales. The data were analysed inferentially with CB-SEM. The study revealed positive predictions of physical and emotional neglect on hurting people, lying, and playing tricks as aspects of malevolent creativity. Furthermore, conscientious personality trait predicted higher on hurting people, lying, and playing tricks as aspects of malevolent creativity. We concluded that neglectful parenting and improper parenting can bring about unacceptable behaviours among people as many of the victims might become a social canker. Therefore, families and significant others in communities should be taken through strategies in preventing irregular parenting and moderated personality dispositions before they develop into unacceptable behaviours that might ruin the gains of society.

Black Ecologies (Humanity, Animality, Property)

Black Ecologies (Humanity, Animality, Property)

Parental Expressed Warmth as a Predictor of Behavioural Adjustment among Primary School Pupils in Kisii Central Sub-County, Kenya

The present study sought to investigate the extent parental expressed warmth predicts behavioural adjustment among pupils in primary schools in Kisii central Sub-County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Object relations theory and supported attachment theory. The study adopted mixed method approach in which the embedded research design was used. To obtain the sample for the study, the study used cluster sampling, stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques. The unit of analysis included 218 primary schools. The target population comprised of 14876 pupils, 10582 parents, 229 deputy head teachers and 218 guidance and counselling teachers. The sample size for the study consisted of 374 pupils, 30 parents, 30 deputy head teachers and 30 guidance and counselling teachers. The study also employed questionnaires and interview schedules to gather data. The study adopted the triangulation approach to measure the validity of the instruments. Split half method was also used to establish the reliability of instruments whereby the correlation coefficient value of .808 was established. In analysing qualitative data, the study used thematic analysis while descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse quantitative data. The study established that there was statistically significant positive correlation (r=.682, n=356, p<.05) between parental expressed warmth and pupils’ overall behavioural adjustment. The statistical significant (p<.05) positive correlation were also established between parental warmth and all the five aspects of learners’ behavioural adjustment (conduct problems, peer relationship problems, emotional symptom, hyperactivity and pro-social behaviours). Further analysis reveals that parental warmth alone accounted for 46.5% (Coefficient R2 = .465) of the variation in overall behavioural adjustment among the class 7 and 8 pupils and it was evident that parental warmth was a significant predicator of the overall learners’ behavioural adjustment [F (1, 354) = 308.067, p < .05). The study also established that as parental warmth increased by one standard deviation, then perceived scores in level of behaviour adjustment of pupil would also increase by .682 standard deviation units. Similarly, if the parental warmth increases by one unit then level of overall adjustment would improve by .292 units; this is a substantial effect from one independent variable. From qualitative findings, it was established that that parents as role model for their children were crucial for children to acquire pro-social behaviours. On this note it was found that most pupils develops unacceptable behaviours because of parental frequent discouragements, unclear guidance and unsupportive home environment that did not promote children’s use of proactive and problem-focused coping styles. The way parents communicate to their children was also found to have a positive effect on children’s behavioural adjustment. Loving children unconditionally by providing developmentally-appropriate physical care and environment (feeding, clothing and home safety) was also found to foster children’s positive emotional development and fewer behaviour problems at school and home.

A Sombra Social na Cultura do Cancelamento: Uma Análise a partir do BBB 2021

Abstract The contemporary world hosts a complex network of social interactions that transcend physical boundaries and materialize in digital environments. In the context of the transformation and challenge of traditional identities, previously latent and socially unacceptable behaviors emerge. Using the Jungian concept of the “Shadow”, we investigate the phenomenon of cancel culture. In analytical psychology, the Shadow represents the part of the psyche that contains rejected, inadequate, or unwanted aspects of one’s personality. This study explored the relationship between the Shadow and cancel culture by examining tweets related to controversies in BBB 2021. The method employed involved collecting tweets over 6 weeks, followed by content analysis for data treatment. Simultaneously, a systematic analysis of the scenes that occurred was conducted, and data were subsequently cross-referenced. The results point to a high incidence of negative emotions, indicating a potential association with Shadow components. These were more elicited in the face of hostility and socially devalued behaviors, the so-called “dramas”. Cancellation occurred in parallel, indicating the association between the phenomena. This investigation highlights the importance of deepening the understanding of the dynamics of social media and its psychological aspects.

Temporal associations between depressive features and self-stigma in people with substance use disorders related to heroin, amphetamine, and alcohol use: a cross-lagged analysis

BackgroundDepression is a mental health problem and substance use concerns are socially unacceptable behaviors. While depression and substance use may individually impact self-concept and social relationships, their co-occurrence can increase the risk of self-stigmatization. However, there is no evidence regarding how depression and self-stigma may influence each other over time. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between features of depression and self-stigma in people with substance use disorders.MethodsOverall, 319 individuals with substance use disorders (273 males) with a mean (± SD) age of 42.2 (± 8.9) years were recruited from a psychiatric center in Taiwan by convenience sampling. They were assessed for features of depression and self-stigma at four times over a period of nine months using the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Self-Stigma Scale-Short S (SSS-S), respectively. Repeated-measures analyses of variance, Pearson correlations and cross-lagged models using structural equation modeling examined cross-sectional and temporal associations between depression and self-stigma.ResultsPositive cross-sectional associations were found between depressive features and all assessed forms of self-stigma over time (0.13 < r < 0.92). Three models of cross-lagged associations between different forms of self-stigma and depressive features indicated good fit indices (comparative fit index > 0.98). The direction of associations between depressive features towards self-stigma was stronger than the opposite direction.ConclusionPositive associations between depressive features and self-stigma were found in people with substance use disorders. Although these associations may be bidirectional longitudinally, the directions from depressive features to self-stigma may be stronger than the reverse directions, suggesting treatment of depression in earlier stages may prevent self-stigmatization and subsequent poor outcomes in people with substance use disorders.

Managing classroom misbehaviours in the Hong Kong English Medium Instruction secondary classrooms: A translanguaging perspective

Studies in English-Medium-Instruction (EMI) classroom interaction have explored how content teachers can utilise various resources to encourage student engagement and facilitate the teaching and learning processes. However, less attention has been paid in terms of how teachers manage unexpected student behaviours that transgress the classroom order and disrupt the flow of classroom interaction. This article explores how EMI teachers contingently mobilise various multilingual and multimodal resources and sociocultural knowledge to address the moments when students produce socially unacceptable and inappropriate behaviour in regard to the normative expectancies in the classrooms. The data of this study is obtained from a larger linguistic ethnographic project in Hong Kong EMI secondary classrooms. Multimodal Conversation Analysis is employed to analyse the classroom interaction data and the analysis is triangulated with the video-stimulated-recall-interviews which are analysed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. I argue that the EMI teachers construct a translanguaging space which affords them to draw on multiple resources to address student misbehaviours that transgresses norms for classroom participation. Such a safe space allows teachers to resume the forward progression of classroom activity and ease the tension between the teachers' authority and students’ participation in the classroom.