Unrestricted Access Research Articles

Evaluation of Larger Side-Group Functionalities and the Side/End-Group Interplay in Ritonavir-Like Inhibitors of CYP3A4.

A new series of 13 ritonavir-like inhibitors of human drug-metabolizing CYP3A4 was rationally designed to study the R2 side-group and R3 end-group interplay when the R1 side-group is represented by phenyl. Spectral, functional, and structural characterization showed no improvement in the binding affinity and inhibitory potency of R1/R2-phenyl inhibitors upon elongation and/or fluorination of R3-Boc (tert-butyloxycarbonyl) or its replacement with benzenesulfonyl. When R3 is pyridine, the impact of R2-phenyl-to-indole/naphthalene substitution was multidirectional and highly dependent on side-group stereo configuration. Overall, the R2-naphthalene/R3-pyridine containing 2f (R/S) was the series lead compound and one of the strongest binders/inhibitors designed thus far (Ks = 0.009 μM; IC50 = 0.10 μM). Introduction of a larger biphenyl or fluorene as R2 did not lead to any improvements. Contrarily, fluorene-containing 13 was the series weakest binder and inhibitor (Ks = 0.734 μM; IC50 = 1.32 μM), implying that the fluorene moiety is too large to allow unrestricted access to the active site. The R2-biphenyl, however, can switch positions with R3-Boc to enable heme ligation. Thus, for small and chemically simple end-groups such as Boc and pyridine, the R2/R3 interplay could lead to conformational rearrangement that would be difficult to foresee without structural information.

Transnational learning and teaching activities: Smart Healthcare Engineering.

The new maintenance engineers become self-taught and learn from daily dedication, from solving repetitive problems, from exchanging experiences with a colleague, from reading a recommended book and little else. Their own experience has been the main reference for maintenance professionals who have not given up and have become experts. And within the maintenance activities, sanitary engineering plays a very important role. Through the Smart Healthcare Engineering project we have facilitated a close connection between 3 universities and 3 hospitals from 3 countries (Spain, Turkey and Romania), which benefit from each other's experience, transferring the know-how available in a single country. The study involves 7 students from each university, meaning that 21 students have worked and studied together for 2 weeks in Spain in the field of healthcare engineering. The chosen hospital was Dr. Negrin Hospital from Gran Canaria. Results at the organizational level include the modernization of content and the provision of resources for healthcare engineering training, the introduction of innovative educational concepts in healthcare engineering and the integration of blended learning methodologies in practical teaching and training activities. A tighter connection and transnational collaboration were established between European hospitals and universities in healthcare engineering, together with unrestricted access to routinely updated information. The specific results for each participant indicated their capacity to engage in the intricate processes of repair and maintenance within a practical context, making real-time judgments on-site.

A usability evaluation of a metaverse library: A case study of the “Community Virtual Library”

The purpose of this case study is to examine the usability evaluation of the metaverse library, with a central focus on designing around the needs of library users. To achieve this, our study delved into the usability of one such platform, the Community Virtual Library (CVL), focusing on aligning its features with user needs. We assessed the CVL based on Jacob Nielsen’s usability criteria: satisfaction, memorability, learnability, efficiency, and error tolerance, through specific tasks. Our methodology combined interviews, observations, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) to fully grasp the user experience. Furthermore, we explored users’ emotional responses using the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) model, enriching our understanding of their interaction with the platform. Throughout the analysis, we found that participants with metaverse experience showed higher success rates and spent less time on tasks compared to those who did not have such experience. Notably, while the tasks for learnability, focusing on basic functionalities, demonstrated relatively shorter durations, the slightly more intricate efficiency tasks took twice as long, regardless of metaverse familiarity. However, tasks for memorability, involving repetition of efficiency tasks, showed a marginal reduction in task duration. This underscores the potential to enhance usability and efficiency through education and learning initiatives. Meanwhile, the analysis indicated a high level of arousal according to the PAD model, underscoring the metaverse’s appeal in providing unrestricted access to diverse media and creating an engaging and novel environment. This study is expected to contribute significantly to evaluating and improving the usability of metaverse libraries, ultimately increasing user satisfaction and encouraging continued usage. By identifying areas for improvement through comprehensive assessments, we anticipate fostering a more enjoyable and efficient user experience within these virtual library environments.

Embracing Full Openness: Transitioning ESNBU from CC BY-NC to CC BY

This editorial explores the rationale behind transitioning the ESNBU journal’s content licensing from CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) to CC BY (Attribution). For a decade, the journal operated under the CC BY-NC license to restrict commercial use, but this approach has unintentionally limited its reach and visibility. The objective is to address these limitations and promote unrestricted dissemination of scholarly content. The analysis involved a review of the journal’s indexing history, feedback from database providers, and usage statistics over the past ten years. We examined cases where the NC clause hindered the journal's inclusion in databases, especially those operated by commercial or for-profit entities. We also reviewed existing literature on licensing impacts in open access publishing to understand broader trends and potential benefits of a transition to CC BY. The study found that the NonCommercial restriction created significant barriers to the journal's visibility and dissemination. Several commercial and academic databases opted not to index the journal's content due to ambiguity around the "commercial use" clause. By transitioning to a CC BY license, we anticipate enhanced indexing opportunities, increased content integration into educational resources, and a broader reach, ultimately leading to higher citation rates and greater impact. Moving to a CC BY license aligns the journal with the principles of Open Science, fostering unrestricted access to knowledge. This change supports wider dissemination, potential for increased collaboration, and enhanced visibility in academic databases. Future analysis will focus on measuring the impact of this transition on the journal's citation metrics, user engagement, and overall accessibility.

The Effect of Different Pulses on the Oviposition Preference and Reproduction of Pulse Bruchid, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Studies were conducted to ascertain the population growth and oviposition preference of pulse bruchid, Callosobruchus chinensis on some pulses viz., Vigna radiata, Lens esculenta, Cicer arietinum, Cajanus cajan and Pisum sativum under conditions of restricted (no choice) and unrestricted (choice) access. Results revealed that under conditions of choice and no choice test, oviposition and adult emergence was highest on C. arietinum (6.84 nos). Lens esculenta recorded lowest egg deposition under conditions of no choice while no egg laying activity was observed under choice conditions. Developmental period was significantly shorter in V. radiata while it was longer in P. sativum in both choice (37days for male and 36.32 days for female) and no choice test (37.10 days for male and 36.46 days for female). In V. radiata, the adult longevity was shorter in both choice (7.48 days for male and 5.91 day for female) and no choice (7.68 days for male and 6.13 days for female) test and adults were significantly heavy than on C. arietinum, C. cajan and P. sativum in both choice and no choice test. Overall, V. radiata was found to be a superior host with shorter development period and healthier adults while C. arietinum was better in terms of oviposition preference and adult emergence. These insights offer valuable assistance for enhancing pulse cultivation practices in the region.

EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF MONOTHECA BUXIFOLIA LEAF POWDER ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Monotheca buxifolia leaf powder on the growth performance of broiler chickens. A total of 250 -1-day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into five treatments with five replicates and each replicate consists of ten birds. Prior to the arrival of birds, basal diet adequate in all nutrients was formulated according to the requirement of birds by Nutritional Research Council in 1994. Birds in treatment one was fed basal diet without Monotheca buxifolia leaf powder, those in treatment two, three, four and five were fed same diet with Monotheca buxifolia leaf powder at 100 g, 200 g, 300 g and 400 g respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days and birds had unrestricted access to clean water and feed. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted and all management practices was strictly adhered to. Result on the phytochemical content of Monotheca buxifolia leaf powder flavonoids (863.2 mg/g), phenols (511.8 mg/g) and terpenoids (102.3 mg/g) were the most prominent compounds followed by saponins (72.56 mg/g), tannins (62.34 mg/g), alkaloids (41.88 mg/g) and steroids (30.41 mg/g). Average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake values which varied from 41.24 - 51.37 g/b and 103.7 - 107.5 g/b were higher among birds fed Monotheca buxifolia leaf powder (treatment two, three, four and five) relative to treatment one (P<0.05). Similarly, feed conversion ratio whose value ranged from 2.09 - 2.50 were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment. In conclusion, feeding broilers Monotheca buxifolia leaf powder up to 400 g/kg diet does not pose any detrimental effect on the performance of birds.

Strategic insights: evaluating SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9 and SDG 16 in driving sustainable growth in the global FinTech landscape

PurposeTo strategically evaluate the sustainable development of the FinTech industry on a global scale, which has not been done to date. This study aims to address this scientific problem and empirically analyze the contribution of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their indicators to the sustainable growth in the FinTech sector, whose impact is fundamentally changing the financial services sector, considering perspectives from business, academia and the public sector. The main contribution of this paper is, therefore, the identification of strategically relevant sustainability indicators and factors for defining and assessing the sustainability of the FinTech industry at the national level, and their application in further research and practice globally.Design/methodology/approachMulticriteria simple additive weighting is used in quantitative empirical research.FindingsThree primary conclusions are indicated by the study’s results: the SDGs 9 “Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure,” SDG 4 “Quality Education,” SDG 8 “Decent Work and Economic Growth” and SDG 16 “Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions” are the most important for the sustainable growth of the FinTech industry. Unrestricted public access to FinTech and an educated working-age population are the main factors influencing the sustainable development of the FinTech industry. Northern Europe, with Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden leading the way, has the best sustainable development results related to the FinTech industry.Practical implicationsThe results of the study are practically useful and applicable both to policymakers seeking to strategically bolster sustainable growth within the framework of the FinTech industry, and to FinTech companies conducting strategic development internationally.Originality/valueThe study initiates a discussion in the scientific community about what constitutes sustainable development of the global FinTech industry, which is currently not defined.

The biochemical effects of kola nitida on the renal biomarkers of lipid induced Wistar albino rats

The aim of the study was to access the biochemical effects of kola nitida extract on renal markers of adult albino rats induced with high lipid diet. This was a prospective longitudinal study carried out in Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State Students. The study was conducted within a period of 6 months (April– September 2024). The study adhered to stringent animal husbandry protocols. Rats were housed individually in standard laboratory cages with controlled environmental conditions (temperature 22±2°C, humidity 50-60%, and a 12-hour light/dark cycle) to minimize environmental variability. They had unrestricted access to standard rodent feed and water throughout the experiment to maintain optimal health and consistent metabolic conditions. The experimental design involved the administration of kola nitida extract via oral gavage at predetermined doses based on body weight, established through preliminary dose-ranging studies to ensure safety and efficacy. Animals were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, with each group carefully monitored for behavioral changes and physical health indicators throughout the study period. Grouping of animals was done as the animals were divided into 5 groups: Group 1(Negative control), Group 2(Toxicity group), Group 3(100mg/kg), Group 4(200 mg/kg), Group 5(300mg/kg). Blood samples was collected from the marginal ear vein using a 2ml needle and syringe into lithium heparin bottles and was spun at 3500 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma in order to determine the renal biomarkers using creatinine and urea diagnostic kit (Randox test kit), The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the administration of a high lipid diet and subsequent reversal with Kola-Nitida induces significant changes in the urea and creatinine in all the test groups when compared to toxicity group. The strong statistical evidence supports the conclusion that Kola-Nitida may play a role in mitigating the effects of a high lipid diet on the renal biomarkers in Wistar rats.

On capital and architecture: architectural capital in the constitution of society

Reflecting on society and the diverse assets at our disposal through which we shape our place within it signifies comprehending the multiple dimensions that constitute it. For Pierre Bourdieu, it is crucial to understand the various types of capital (resources, means and capacities) that we mobilize in order to meet our needs, and that characterize who we are. By incorporating architecture into the constitution of society, based on the space syntax theory, we argue that the way we organize ourselves – bodies in space and time – and the way we organize places constitutes a social macrostructure, into which architectural capital is inserted, which is the ability of a subject to mobilize architecture for his or her purposes. This capital entails possibilities or restrictions regarding how we occupy places and move within them, as well as the conditions that determine the visibility of others. It consists of both spatial capital and building capital, the former referring to open spaces with unrestricted access, and the latter to closed spaces with restricted access. This article aims to present the theoretical framework used to formulate the concept of architectural capital.

Influence of Alkaline Reduced Water Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Rats.

With the global increase in metabolic disorders, identifying effective dietary strategies is crucial for enhancing health outcomes. While various health advantages of alkaline reduced water (ARW) have been documented, its specific impacts on glucose and lipid metabolism in both healthy and diabetic conditions are still not well understood. This study investigates how ARW affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in male Wistar rats, which were induced to develop glucose metabolism disorders through subcutaneous injections of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were allocated into four groups: one group received distilled water, another ARW, with similar arrangements for both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Throughout the six-week experiment, the rats had unrestricted access to food and water. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected post-euthanasia for further analysis. Non-diabetic rats consuming ARW experienced significant decreases in plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, leptin, and TBARS levels, along with reduced activities of hepatic hexokinase and intestinal sucrase. Meanwhile, there were increases in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, such as glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, although glutathione levels decreased. In diabetic rats, ARW supplementation notably reduced plasma glucose and the glucose area under the curve, lowered hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and intestinal disaccharidase activities, and raised hepatic GSH levels. These findings suggest that ARW supplementation significantly enhances glucose and lipid metabolism and boosts antioxidant activity in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a therapeutic aid for managing metabolic disorders.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Pornography Use and Sex Differences Among High School ‎Students.

Pornography consumption is on the rise globally due to the widespread availability of the internet and unrestricted access to numerous pornographic websites. These sites pose various complications for consumers, and there is a noticeable lack of research on this issue in our country. Therefore, it is thought necessary to conduct this study. This study aims to measure pornography use among high school students, sex differences in pornography viewing, and the behavior of pornography viewing in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zakho Independent Administration, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, among students of five high schoolsand two institutions. A paper questionnaire was handed out to the participants between April 1and July1, 2022. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses, including chi-square tests, were utilized to examine sex differences and explore associations between the variables. A total of 921 students were enrolled in this study, with an average age of 16.78 ± 1.26 years. More than half of the participants were male, 505 (54.83%); the ones who viewed pornography alone were 452 (49.08%), and 642 (69.71%) disagreed with watching porn. The first time watching pornography was more common at the age of 15-20, with over one-fourth of participants, 254 (27.58%), falling into this age group. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in the attitude and practiceof men compared with women throughout all tested variables. Out of the total number of participants, 467 (50.71%) viewed pornography at least once in their lifetime; among those, 304 (65.1%) were male participants, 163 (34.9%) of them were female participants, and 852 (92.51%) participants agreed to restrict pornography sites. The prevalence of pornography among high school students is relatively high. Male sex is an associated factor for higher pornography viewing and should be considered when designing public health interventions in a related context. Increasing education about this topic in high school settings is crucial.

Amorphous MoS3 Anchored within Hollow Carbon as a Cathode Material for Magnesium-Ion Batteries.

Magnesium-ion batteries are considered the next-generation promising large-scale energy storage devices owing to the low-cost and nondendritic features of metallic Mg anode. Nevertheless, such strong electrostatic interaction between bivalent Mg2+ and crystalline cathode materials will lead to low capacity and poor diffusion kinetics, which seriously hinders the further development of magnesium-ion batteries. Herein, amorphization and anion-rich strategies are employed to prepare well-designed cathode materials with MoS3 anchored on hollow carbon nanospheres (a-MoS3/HCS). The amorphous MoS3 provides unrestricted 3D diffusion access and effectively boosts the Mg2+ diffusion kinetics, while the anion-rich feature of MoS3 offers rich active sites for Mg2+ storage and finally contributes to a high discharge capacity driven by the anionic redox mechanism. Moreover, the effective modification of hollow carbon nanospheres buffers the volumetric changes of MoS3 and improves the electron transfer efficiency. Owing to the above-mentioned multiple advantages, a-MoS3/HCS exhibits an ultrahigh discharge capacity (489.2 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1) and high cyclic performance (200.1 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 for 300 cycles), distinctly superior to those of crystalline 1T/2H-MoS2/HCS and 2H-MoS2/HCS and surpassing almost all of the molybdenum sulfide-based cathodes. Furthermore, the high-performance a-MoS3/HCS-based pouch cell with the ability to drive various mini-type devices confirms the potential application values. The excellent magnesium storage properties of a-MoS3/HCS are further verified by the related kinetics analysis, DFT theoretical calculation, and reversible electrochemical reactions. The amorphous and redox-rich tactics of a-MoS3/HCS provide an innovative pathway to explore high-efficiency cathode materials for various multivalent-ion batteries.

Forage, freedom of movement, and social interactions remain essential fundamentals for the welfare of high-level sport horses.

Societal concerns for animal welfare extend to all domestic species, including high-level sport horses. The welfare of these horses, notably highlighted during the recent Olympics, has garnered significant public interest, prompting inquiries into their living conditions. Animal welfare studies have emphasised three key needs crucial to equine welfare: unlimited access to forage, freedom of movement, and social interactions with peers, commonly referred to as the "3Fs"-access to Forage, Freedom of movement, and interactions with Friend conspecifics. However, the feasibility and benefits of satisfying these needs specifically for sport horses remain unexplored. Indeed, they may face unique challenges such as high physical workload, extensive travel, limited time in their home stables, weight management, and high economic value necessitating careful handling. Consequently, restrictions on feeding, freedom of movement, and social contact are often deemed necessary. This field study aims to assess the actual level of implementation of welfare in high-level sport horses by evaluating body condition, injury risk, and behavioural welfare indicators in their home stable. To achieve this objective, the welfare of 56 high-level sport horses competing internationally was assessed using behavioural indicators of welfare through scan sampling (abnormal behaviours, i.e., stereotypies, aggression towards humans, withdrawn behaviour, and alert behaviours; positions of the ears in a backward position while foraging, watching behaviours, and through other Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) protocol measures). This study shows that there exists a large variability among horses regarding their access to the 3Fs, with some of them having a lot of restrictions and others not, meaning it is possible to respect them while competing at a high level. Second, we observed that the fewer restrictions the horses experience regarding the 3Fs while in their home stables, the better their welfare, as demonstrated by the indicators we assessed. These results undeniably support the fact that unrestricted access to forage, the ability to move freely outdoors, and the opportunity to interact socially with conspecifics are fundamental needs of horses that could be provided to horses, also to high-performance ones. It is therefore essential that solutions are put in place to ensure that these conditions are met.

The Genomic SSR Millets Database (GSMDB): enhancing genetic resources for sustainable agriculture.

The global population surge demands increased food production and nutrient-rich options to combat rising food insecurity. Climate-resilient crops are vital, with millets emerging as superfoods due to nutritional richness and stress tolerance. Given limited genomic information, a comprehensive genetic resource is crucial to advance millet research. Whole-genome sequencing provides an unprecedented opportunity, and molecular genetic methodologies, particularly simple sequence repeats (SSRs), play a pivotal role in DNA fingerprinting, constructing linkage maps, and conducting population genetic studies. SSRs are composed of repetitive DNA sequences where one to six nucleotides are repeated in tandem and distributed throughout the genome. Different millet species exhibit genomic variations attributed to the presence of SSRs. While SSRs have been identified in a few millet species, the existing information only covers some of the sequenced genomes. Moreover, there is an absence of complete gene annotation and visualization features for SSRs. Addressing this disparity and leveraging the de-novo millet genome assembly available from the NCBI, we have developed the Genomic SSR Millets Database (GSMDB; https://bioinfo.icgeb.res.in/gsmdb/). This open-access repository provides a web-based tool offering search functionalities and comprehensive details on 6.747645 million SSRs mined from the genomic sequences of seven millet species. The database, featuring unrestricted public access and JBrowse visualization, is a pioneering resource for the research community dedicated to advancing millet cultivars and related species. GSMDB holds immense potential to support myriad studies, including genetic diversity assessments, genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection, and comparative population investigations aiming to facilitate the millet breeding programs geared toward ensuring global food security. Database URL: https://bioinfo.icgeb.res.in/gsmdb/.

PSATdb 2.0: a database of organellar common, polymorphic, and unique microsatellites.

Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are repetitive DNA sequences typically composed of 1-6 nucleotides. These repetitive sequences are found in almost all genomes, including chloroplasts and mitochondria, and are widely distributed throughout the genomes. Microsatellites are highly polymorphic, and their length may differ from species to species. Consequently, microsatellites are widely used as molecular markers and play pivotal roles in various biological research. However, comprehensive information about the length variation of microsatellites in various organellar genome sequences is not available. Therefore, to provide mined information and explore the variability in the length of microsatellites across species, we developed a comprehensive resource named pSATdb 2.0 (polymorphic microSATellites database; https://bioinfo.icgeb.res.in/psatdb/ ). This upgraded version of its predecessor pSATdb provides comprehensive information on the frequency and distribution of 348,894 microsatellites identified in organellar genome sequences. These sequences originate from 15,681 organisms spanning 3252 genera within Metazoa and Viridiplantae. Remarkably, pSATdb 2.0 is the only database that offers information on common and polymorphic microsatellites detected between organisms, along with unique microsatellites specific to each genus. Furthermore, this database features unrestricted access and includes pioneer functionalities such as Advanced Search, BLAST, and JBrowse, which facilitate user-specific microsatellite search and its visualization within the database. The pSATdb holds immense potential for the research community to support diverse studies, including genetic diversity, genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection, and comparative population investigations.

Review of Publicly Available State Reimbursement Policies for Removal and Reinsertion of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception.

We examined reimbursement policies for the removal and reinsertion of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). We conducted a standardized, web-based review of publicly available state policies for language on reimbursement of LARC removal and reinsertion. We also summarized policy language on barriers to reimbursement for LARC removal and reinsertion. Twenty-six (52%) of the 50 states had publicly available policies that addressed reimbursement for LARC removal. Of these 26 states, 14 (28%) included language on reimbursement for LARC reinsertion. Eleven (42%) of 26 states included language on additional requirements for reimbursement for removal and/or reinsertion: five state policies included language with other requirements for removal only, three policies included language with additional requirements for reinsertion only, and three included language with additional requirements for both. Three state policies specified no restrictions be placed on reimbursement for removal and one specified no restrictions be placed on reimbursement for reinsertion. Half of the states in the US do not have publicly available policies on reimbursement for the removal and reinsertion of LARC devices. Inclusion of unrestricted access to these services is important for contraceptive choice and reproductive autonomy.

Legal protection of personal data security in Indonesian Local Government apps: Al Farabi's perspective

The rapid advancement of technology is a double-edged sword. While it provides easy access to information, it also opens the door to unrestricted access, including personal data. Governments worldwide are leveraging technology to enhance their connection with citizens and deliver top-tier public services. In this vein, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta as an Indonesian local government, launched a SuperApps called JAKI in 2019 as a dynamic platform for two-way communication between DKI Jakarta residents and local authorities. This research employs empirical juridical methods, incorporating statutory and conceptual approaches. Drawing from primary sources, including DKI Jakarta Regional Secretariat Decree Number 99 of 2022 concerning the Citizen Relations Management application and interviews with the Smart City Developer Service Unit, the study demonstrates that JAKI ensures robust data security. The app complies with ISO 2700, an international standard that regulates information security management systems and fulfils the three core components: confidentiality, integrity and availability. Furthermore, in alignment with Al Farabi's concept of information security accountability, the emphasis is placed on collaborative social responsibility between data owners and collectors, represented by DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. This cooperation is both fair and beneficial, adhering to the fundamental principles of political philosophy and ethics.

Association between a new healthcare access index and life expectancy in Japan: A nationwide study

Abstract Background Access to medical institutions is crucial to healthcare systems. Japan has universal health coverage and unrestricted access to medical institutions; patients can visit any medical institution without requiring referral letters. We developed the Japan- Spatial Accessibility Scale for Medical Institutions (J-AMI) to provide integrated spatial accessibility to multiple sized healthcare institutions. We also examined the association between the J-AMI and life expectancy. Methods This study included 220,621 administrative census mesh blocks defined by address; 89,248 clinics and 8,181 hospitals across 47 provinces in Japan, with a total population of approximately 126 million. The road distance between the centre of each block and the nearest clinic was calculated and scored every 1 km. Hospitals were classified as secondary and tertiary hospitals based on the availability of emergency and critical care centres. Secondary and tertiary hospitals were scored every 2 and 4 km, respectively. The scores for clinics and secondary and tertiary hospitals (1-8 points each) were aggregated and scored using a mesh. The population-weighted municipal J-AMI (PWM-J-AMI) scores were calculated for each municipality. Correlations between the PWM-J-AMI scores and life expectancy by municipality were examined. Geographic information was analysed using ArcGIS Pro. Results Median life expectancies for male and female individuals were 81.4 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 80.9-81.9 years) and 87.5 years (IQR: 87.2-88.0 years), respectively. The median PWM-J-AMI score was 9.5 (IQR: 5.4-14.5). The PWM-J-AMI scores were negatively correlated with male and female individual’s life expectancy by municipality (r=-0.29, p &amp;lt; 0.01 and r = 0.18, p &amp;lt; 0.01, respectively). Conclusions The results suggest that the better a region’s access to medical care, the longer its life expectancy. Efficient medical institution allocation and telemedicine promotion may be essential to improving access. Key messages • We developed the Japan- Spatial Accessibility Scale for Medical Institutions (J-AMI) to provide integrated spatial accessibility to multiple sized healthcare institutions, using ArcGIS Pro. • The PWM-J-AMI scores were negatively correlated with male and female individual’s life expectancy by municipality, which suggest that the better a region’s access, the longer its life expectancy.

A simple action reduces high fat diet intake and obesity in mice.

Diets that are high in fat cause over-eating and weight gain in multiple species of animals, suggesting that high dietary fat is sufficient to cause obesity. However, high-fat diets are typically provided freely to animals in obesity experiments, so it remains unclear if high-fat diets would still cause obesity if they required more effort to obtain. We hypothesized that unrestricted and easy access is necessary for high-fat diet induced over-eating, and the corollary that requiring mice to perform small amounts of work to obtain high-fat diet would reduce high-fat diet intake and associated weight gain. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel home-cage based feeding device that either provided high-fat diet freely, or after mice poked their noses into a port one time - a simple action that is easy for them to do. We tested the effect of this intervention for six weeks, with mice receiving all daily calories from high-fat diet, modifying only how they accessed it. Requiring mice to nose-poke to access high-fat diet reduced intake and nearly completely prevented the development of obesity. In follow up experiments, we observed a similar phenomenon in mice responding for low-fat grain-based pellets that do not induce obesity, suggesting a general mechanism whereby animals engage with and consume more food when it is freely available vs. when it requires a simple action to obtain. We conclude that unrestricted access to food promotes overeating, and that a simple action such as a nose-poke can reduce over-eating and weight gain in mice. This may have implications for why over-eating and obesity are common in modern food environments, which are often characterized by easy access to low-cost unhealthy foods.

Identification of Phytoconstituents from Natural Product Database as SIRT2 Inhibitors for Potential Role in Alzheimer's Disease: An In-Silico Screening.

We aimed to conduct in silico screening of the potential phytoconstituent from a natural product database to find SIRT2 inhibitors. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by behavioral and mental symptoms as well as a progressive loss of cognitive ability. Since SIRT2 may be detrimental to neurological illnesses, it is a prime target for research into SIRT2 inhibitors. To identify the SIRT2 inhibitors and their role in AD. We have utilized NPAtlas database and screened using pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and simulation. The Natural Products Atlas provides unrestricted access to various natural products derived from bacteria and fungi, allowing researchers to investigate and visualize the extensive chemical diversity in the natural world. From in silico screening data, we have found phytoconstituents that could function as SIRT2 inhibitors. Six phytoconstituents were identified using pharmacophore-based virtual screening. According to molecular docking, Kurasoin B outperformed the reference molecule regarding binding energy. Kurasoin B exhibited a binding affinity of -12.543 kcal/mol, whereas the binding affinity of the reference molecule was -12.089 kcal/mol. The Kurasoin B complex with SIRT2 was determined to be stable throughout the simulation by performing MD simulation, with an RMSD of 2.88 (Å), whereas the reference and free protein displayed RMSDs of 3.74 and 4.70 (Å), respectively. In silico studies and data analysis, suggest that Kurasoin B may be able to suppress the SIRT2 protein for managing AD.