UML Activity Diagrams Research Articles

Automatic scenario-oriented test case generation from UML activity diagrams: a graph transformation and simulation approach

Automatic scenario-oriented test case generation from UML activity diagrams: a graph transformation and simulation approach

Automatic scenario-oriented test case generation from UML activity diagrams: a graph transformation and simulation approach

Automatic scenario-oriented test case generation from UML activity diagrams: a graph transformation and simulation approach

Bridging the model-to-code abstraction gap with fuzzy logic in model-based regression test selection

Regression test selection (RTS) approaches reduce the cost of regression testing of evolving software systems. Existing RTS approaches based on UML models use behavioral diagrams or a combination of structural and behavioral diagrams. However, in practice, behavioral diagrams are incomplete or not used. In previous work, we proposed a fuzzy logic based RTS approach called FLiRTS that uses UML sequence and activity diagrams. In this work, we introduce FLiRTS 2, which drops the need for behavioral diagrams and relies on system models that only use UML class diagrams, which are the most widely used UML diagrams in practice. FLiRTS 2 addresses the unavailability of behavioral diagrams by classifying test cases using fuzzy logic after analyzing the information commonly provided in class diagrams. We evaluated FLiRTS 2 on UML class diagrams extracted from 3331 revisions of 13 open-source software systems, and compared the results with those of code-based dynamic (Ekstazi) and static (STARTS) RTS approaches. The average test suite reduction using FLiRTS 2 was 82.06%. The average safety violations of FLiRTS 2 with respect to Ekstazi and STARTS were 18.88% and 16.53%, respectively. FLiRTS 2 selected on average about 82% of the test cases that were selected by Ekstazi and STARTS. The average precision violations of FLiRTS 2 with respect to Ekstazi and STARTS were 13.27% and 9.01%, respectively. The average mutation score of the full test suites was 18.90%; the standard deviation of the reduced test suites from the average deviation of the mutation score for each subject was 1.78% for FLiRTS 2, 1.11% for Ekstazi, and 1.43% for STARTS. Our experiment demonstrated that the performance of FLiRTS 2 is close to the state-of-art tools for code-based RTS but requires less information and performs the selection in less time.

Performance Analysis of Test Path Generation Techniques Based on Complex Activity Diagrams

Effort reduction in software testing is important to reduce the total cost of the software development project. UML activity diagram is used by the tester for test path generation. It is hard to select the appropriate test path generation technique to diminish the effort of software testing. In the experiment, we compared the efficiency of 11 commonly-used test path generation techniques with both simple activity diagrams and the constructed complex activity diagrams. The experimental results summarized in three aspects. 1) For all possible path testing, the Activity Convert Grammar was the most appropriate test path generation technique, which can generate the number of paths equivalent to the target number of all possible paths. 2) Testing all possible paths for the large or complex object-oriented method is laborious. Almost all techniques could generate test paths that cover basis path coverage. 3) To compare the efficiency of test path generation algorithms, the percentage test path deviation to the target number of all possible paths of the Activity Convert Grammar was 0% for both a Complex Concurrent Structure activity diagram and a Complex Control Structure activity diagram. We also suggested the suitable UML activity diagram for each test path generation method.

The role of new information and communication technologies in modern education

The technological advances of the last 15 years have made a huge contribution to modern society, transforming education and training. Computers and the Internet allow teachers and students to work, learn, and receive information in ways that were once unthinkable. One of the latest and yet most exciting technological developments in education is the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) to enhance learning opportunities. Virtual reality and augmented reality allow users to interact with computer environments, real or imagined. VR also allows users to receive visual, auditory, tactile, smell, and taste inputs in three-dimensional space.As a result, the authors implemented a virtual laboratory with the possibility of conducting a virtual experiment, which includes practical and theoretical tasks in high school physics, as well as a set of animations. When developing the virtual electronic laboratory, agile software development methodologies, computer modeling methods, and object-oriented programming were used. As a virtual reality device, the Leap Motion motion controller was chosen, designed to track the movements of hands and fingers in space and used for human-computer interaction. The article provides UML activity diagrams for working and interacting with the application. The cross-platform Unity 3D environment, which implements the WORA (write once, run anywhere) principle, was chosen as the development platform. Thanks to this principle, a once-written application can be built for personal computers, mobile devices, mixed reality helmets, and many other platforms. The application functionality was written in the C# programming language. Graphic models were created using Substance Painter. The developed application can be used by students of senior classes of secondary and specialized schools, students of technical majors of higher educational institutions, as well as any interested users.

A user task design notation for improved software design.

System design is recognized as one of the most critical components of a software system that bridges system requirements and coding. System design also has a significant impact on testing and maintenance activities, and on further improvements during the lifespan of the software system. Software design should reflect all necessary components of the requirements in a clear and understandable manner by all stakeholders of the software system. To distinguish system elements, separation of concerns in software design is suggested. In this respect, identification of the user tasks, i.e., the tasks that need to be performed by the user, is not currently reflected explicitly in system design documents. Our main assumption in this study is that software quality can be improved significantly by clearly identifying the user tasks from those that need to be performed by the computer system itself. Additionally, what we propose has the potential to better reflect the user requirements and main objectives of the system on the software design and thereby to improve software quality. The main aim of this study is to introduce a novel notation for software developers in the frame of UML Activity Diagram (UML-AD) that enables designers to identify the user tasks and define them separately from the system tasks. For this purpose, an extension of UML-AD, named UML-ADE (UML-Activity Diagram Extended) was proposed. Afterwards, it was implemented in a serious game case for which the specification of user tasks is extremely important. Finally, its effectiveness was analyzed and compared to UML-AD experimentally with 72 participants. The defect detection performance of the participants on both diagrams with two real-life serious game scenarios was evaluated. Results show a higher level of understandability for those using UML-ADE, which in turn may indicate a better design and higher software quality. The results encourage researchers to develop specific design representations dedicated to task design to improve system quality and to conduct further evaluations of the impact of these design on each of the above mentioned potential benefits for the software systems.

Information System On Employee Payment At Smk Islam Sabilal Muhtadin With Java And Mysql

Islamic Vocational High School (SMK) Sabilal Muhtadin Is One Of The Private Vocational Schools That Uses Islam As The Main Guideline For Religious Education But In The Process Of Calculating Employee Payrolls, It Is Still Manual Using A Calculator. This Is What Makes SMK Islam Sabilal Muhtadin Also Need A System That Can Manage The Data Contained Therein. This Is What Underlies The Author In Making Java And Mysql-Based Employee Payroll Information Systems. The Research Method Uses A Waterfall And System Design Is Carried Out Using UML (Usecase, Activity And Class Diagram).

Optimization of Favourable Test Path Sequences Using Bio-Inspired Natural River System Algorithm

Testing of software requires a great amount of time and effort. The tester's main aim is to design optimized test sequences with a minimum amount of time, effort, and with less redundancy. Testers have used artificial intelligence meta-heuristic algorithms for optimization of test sequences. The model-driven approach is helpful in the generation of test sequences at early designing phase only. The model-driven approach uses UML diagram to represent the system's behavior and design test cases for the system at design stage of software development life cycle. The proposed approach uses natural river system for optimizing favourable non-redundant test path sequences using UML activity diagrams and sequence diagrams. The implementation of proposed approach has been done using python and results show that the proposed approach provides full coverage of test paths with less redundant test nodes compared to other meta heuristic algorithms.

Target-based test path prioritization for UML activity diagram using weight assignment methods

The benefit of exploratory testing and ad hoc testing by tester’s experience is that crucial bugs are found quickly. Regression testing and test case prioritization are important processes of software testing when software functions have been changed. We propose a test path prioritization method to generate a sequence of test paths that would match the testers’ interests and focuses on the target area of interest or on the changed area. We generate test paths form the activity diagrams and survey the test path prioritization from testers. We define node and edge weight to the symbols of activity diagrams by applying Time management, Pareto, Buffett, Binary, and Bipolar method. Then we propose a test path score equation to prioritize test paths. We also propose evaluation methods i.e., the difference and the similarity of test path prioritization to testers’ interests. Our proposed method had the least average of the difference and the most average of the similarity compare with the tester’s prioritization of test paths. The Bipolar method was the most suitable for assigning weights to match test path rank by the tester. Our proposed method also has given the affected path by changing area higher priority than the other test path.

Validation: Conceptual versus Activity Diagram Approaches

A conceptual model is used to support development and design within the area of systems and software modeling. The notion of validation refers to representing a domain in a model accurately and generating results using an executable model. In UML specifications, validation verifies the correctness of UML diagrams against any constraints and rules defined within the model. Currently, significant research has been conducted on generating test sets to validate that UML diagrams conform to requirements. UML activity diagrams are a specific focus of such efforts. An activity diagram is a flexible instrument for describing a system’s behaviors and the internal logic of complex operations. This paper focuses on the notion of validation using activity diagrams and contrasts that process with a proposed method that involves an informal validation procedure. Accordingly, this informal validation involves comparing requirements to specifications expressed by a diagram of a modeling language called thinging machine (TM) modeling. The informal validation is a type of model checking that requires the model to be small enough for the verification to be done in a limited space or time period. In the proposed method, the model diagram is divided into subdiagrams to achieve this purpose. We claim the TM behavioral model comes with a particular dispositional structure that allows a designer to “carve” a model into smaller components for informal validation, which is shown through two case studies.

Formal modeling and verification of UML Activity Diagrams (UAD) with FoCaLiZe

Abstract The UML Activity Diagram (UAD) is mostly used for modeling behavioral aspects of objects and systems. OCL (Object Constraint Language) is used together with UAD to specify guard conditions and action constraints. Due to the ambiguous semantics of UAD, it is relevant to formalize such diagrams using formal semantics and formal methods. In this paper, we opt for a formal transformation of UML activity diagrams denoted by functional semantics into FoCaLiZe, a proof based formal language. The ultimate goal is to detect eventual inconsistencies of UML activity diagrams and to prove their properties using Zenon, the automatic theorem prover of FoCaLiZe. In addition to the proposed formal basis for UAD. The presented approach directly supports action constraints, activity partitions and the communication between structural and dynamic aspects of UML models.

Использование технологии виртуальной реальности для разработки виртуальной физической лаборатории «Изучение момента инерции шара

The article discusses the use of virtual reality technology in education. The main goal of the study isto provide students with a convenient, useful and interesting source of knowledge for studying physics.The analysis of the use of various innovative developments in the field of education was conducted. It isshown that virtual reality is a promising tool for educational use, allowing you to create a safe, affordableand flexible environment for studying various processes. While working in virtual reality, a user receivesall the necessary information in an unusual, but very visual form. In the article the authors present asoftware application using virtual reality technology for studying the moment of inertia of a ball. Theapplication is made in the form of laboratory work with the possibility to conduct a virtual experiment.For clarity, the article provides screenshots of the application scenes; the application logic is given in theform of a UML activity diagram. The cross-platform Unity 3D was chosen as the development environment,which implements the principle of WORA (write once, run anywhere). Thanks to this principle,once written application can be built for personal computers, mobile devices, helmets of mixed realityand many other platforms. As a virtual reality device, the Leap Motion controller was used. The applicationfunctionality was written in the C # programming language. Graphic models were created usingSubstance Painter. The developed application can be used by high school students of secondary andspecialized schools, students of technical specialties of higher educational institutions, as well as anyinterested users.

A framework for verifying deadlock and nondeterminism in UML activity diagrams based on CSP

• A framework to check deadlock and nondeterminism based on formal methods. • Verification capabilities for activity diagrams at the modeling level. • Formal aspects are completely hidden from the user. • No need to understand complex mathematical concepts or rigorous notations. • Full traceability from the formal tools to the UML activity diagram models. Deadlock and nondeterminism may become increasingly hard to detect in concurrent and distributed systems. UML activity diagrams are flowcharts that model sequential and concurrent behavior. Although the UML community widely adopts such diagrams, there is no standard approach to verify the presence of deadlock and nondeterministic behavior in activity diagrams. Nondeterminism is usually neglected in the literature even though it may be considered a very relevant property. This work proposes a framework for the automatic verification of deadlock and nondeterminism in UML activity diagrams. It introduces a compositional CSP semantics for activity diagrams that is used to automatically generate CSP specifications from UML models. These specifications are the input for the automatic verification of deadlock and nondeterminism using the FDR refinement checker. We propose a plugin for the Astah modeling environment that mechanizes the translation process, and that calls FDR in the background to perform the verification of properties. The tool keeps the traceability between a diagram and its CSP specification. It parses the FDR results to highlight the diagram paths that lead to a deadlock or a nondeterministic behavior. This framework adds verification capabilities to the UML modeling tool and keeps the formal semantics transparent to the users. Therefore, the user does not need to understand or manipulate formal notations during modeling. We present the results of a case study that applies the proposed framework for the verification of models in the domain of cloud computing. We discuss future applications due to the potential of our approach.

Castor: Programming with extensible generative visitors

Much recent work on type-safe extensibility for Object-Oriented languages has focused on design patterns that require modest type system features. Examples of such design patterns include Object Algebras , Extensible Visitors , Finally Tagless interpreters , or Polymorphic Embeddings . Those techniques, which often use a functional style, can solve basic forms of the Expression Problem. However, they have important limitations. This paper presents Castor : a Scala framework for programming with extensible, generative visitors. Castor has several advantages over previous approaches. Firstly, Castor comes with support for (type-safe) pattern matching to complement its visitors with a concise notation to express operations. Secondly, Castor supports type-safe interpreters (à la Finally Tagless), but with additional support for pattern matching and a generally recursive style. Thirdly, Castor enables many operations to be defined using an imperative style, which is significantly more performant than a functional style (especially in the JVM platform). Finally, functional techniques usually only support tree structures well, but graph structures are poorly supported. Castor supports type-safe extensible programming on graph structures. The key to Castor 's usability is the use of annotations to automatically generate large amounts of boilerplate code to simplify programming with extensible visitors. To illustrate the applicability of Castor we present several applications and two case studies. The first case study compares the ability of Castor for modularizing the interpreters from the “Types and Programming Languages” book with previous modularization work. The second case study on UML activity diagrams illustrates the imperative aspects of Castor , as well as its support for hierarchical datatypes and graphs. • A Scala framework for programming with concise, exhaustive, extensible and composable visitors. • Support for pattern matching and type-safe interpreters (à la Finally Tagless). • Support both functional and imperative style visitors. • Support for extensible programming on graphs. • Case studies on “Types and Programming Languages” and UML Activity Diagrams.

Model-driven process enactment for NFV systems with MAPLE

The network functions virtualization (NFV) advent is making way for the rapid deployment of network services (NS) for telecoms. Automation of network service management is one of the main challenges currently faced by the NFV community. Explicitly defining a process for the design, deployment, and management of network services and automating it is therefore highly desirable and beneficial for NFV systems. The use of model-driven orchestration means has been advocated in this context. As part of this effort to support automated process execution, we propose a process enactment approach with NFV systems as the target application domain. Our process enactment approach is megamodel-based. An integrated process modelling and enactment environment, MAPLE, has been built into Papyrus for this purpose. Process modelling is carried out with UML activity diagrams. The enactment environment transforms the process model to a model transformation chain, and then orchestrates it with the use of megamodels. In this paper, we present our approach and environment MAPLE, its recent extension with new features as well as application to an enriched case study consisting of NS design and onboarding process.

Cadastral data as a source for 3D indoor modelling

Despite the rapid development of indoor spatial data acquisition technology, there are currently no solutions that enable large-scale indoor spatial data acquisition due to several limiting factors that characterize the indoor space. This fact, together with the rapidly growing need for indoor models, is the main motivation for our research. The focus is on the study of the appropriateness of existing cadastral data for 3D indoor modelling. Within the study, a framework for 3D indoor modelling has been developed, comprising a chain of processes, starting from initial cadastral data and ending with the OGC IndoorGML compliant document. The process chain is divided into three parts, which are described individually and supported by UML activity diagrams. The Slovenian Building Cadastre data represents the basis for the framework design and data assessment. The IndoorGML standard is used for final outputs, as it provides a standardized data model for the representation and exchange of indoor spatial information designed for indoor navigation and location-based services. The data storage options using a spatially enabled database are presented for storing 2D and 3D geometries. The stored data enables fully automatic IndoorGML document generation on request, while also taking advantage of all spatial database functionalities. The proposed approach is software independent and can be implemented with various spatially enabled software packages. In addition to 3D indoor data modelling, the framework represents a comprehensive method for assessing the usability of input data for the purpose of 3D indoor modelling. The assessment is done for the case of the Slovenian Building Cadastre. The assessment of the cadastral data suitability for 3D indoor modelling can be used for decisions regarding future steps towards a multi-purpose 3D real property cadastre. The presented concept can be applied in many countries worldwide that have a similar condominium registration system.

A rewriting logic-based semantics and analysis of UML activity diagrams: a graph transformation approach

Activity diagrams are UML behaviour diagrams which describe global dynamic behaviours of systems in a user-friendly manner. Nevertheless, UML notations lack firm semantics which make them unsuitable for formal analysis. Formal methods are suitable techniques for systems analysis. Rewriting logic and its language Maude provides a powerful formal method with flexible and expressive semantics for the specification and the analysis of systems behaviour. However, the learning cost of these methods is very high. The aim of this paper is to integrate UML with formal notation in order to make the UML semantics more precise which allow rigorous analysis of its models. In this paper, we propose a graph transformation-based approach to generate automatically Maude specifications from UML activity diagrams. The proposed approach is automated using the AToM3 tool and it is illustrated through an example.

A rewriting logic-based semantics and analysis of UML activity diagrams: a graph transformation approach

A rewriting logic-based semantics and analysis of UML activity diagrams: a graph transformation approach

COEVOLUTION PATTERNS TO DETECT AND MANAGE UML DIAGRAMS CHANGES

UML diagrams are divided into different perspectives in modelling a problem domain. Preserving coevolution among these diagrams is very crucial so that they can be updated continuously to reflect software changes. Formal methods such as Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) are widely used in detecting and handling coevolution between software artifacts. Although ample progress has been made, it still remains much work to be done in further improving the effectiveness and accuracy of the state-of-the-art coevolution techniques in managing changes in UML diagrams. In this research, a set of 84 coevolution patterns for supporting coevolution among UML diagrams are proposed to trace the diagrams’ inconsistencies and to determine the change impact incrementally after updating diagrams elements. Coevolution patterns are applied to UML class, object, activity, statechart, and sequence diagrams to cover the different perspectives of UML diagrams. The researcher uses CPNs as a formal language of modelling case study models for the proposed patterns. CPNs tools simulation and monitoring toolboxes are used to validate and monitor the proposed coevolution patterns models and to collect quantitative data about the patterns.

UML Activity Diagram Use for Functional Test Suit Generation and Redundancy Removal Supported Model Driven Testing

The method mixes up the extended finite state machine & UML activity diagram to generate the test model. H good coverage of test of all probable scenarios. Here an activity diagram describes the operation of the system, decision ere we have considered different coverage criteria for generating the test paths from the model for node transition from one action state to another. Also flow of control is represented. These will emphasis on sequence and condition of flow. It also gives idea about internal nodes. Refactoring is the process of altering an application’s source code of its external behavior is not changing. The purpose of code refactoring is to improve some of the nonfunctional properties of the code, such as readability, complexity, maintainability and extensibility. Refactoring can extend the life of source code, preventing it from becoming legacy code. The refactoring process makes future enhancements to such code a more pleasant experience. Refactoring is also known as reengineering. Test cases tend to be massive in range as redundant take a look at cases square measure generated because of the presence of code smells, thus the requirement to scale back these smells. Methods Statistical Analysis: This analysis adopts a proactive approach of reducing action at laws by police investigation the lazy category code smells supported the cohesion and dependency of the code and applying the inline category refactoring practices before take a look at case generation there by considerably avoiding redundant take a look at cases from being generated.